Lumasaaba
马萨巴语
大西洋-刚果语系（班图语族，马萨巴-卢希亚语支）
马萨巴语（Lumasaaba；ISO 639-3：myx）又称吉苏语或卢吉苏语，是班图语言，由乌干达东部埃尔贡山西坡、南坡及邻近肯尼亚的巴马萨巴人或巴吉苏人社群使用。它与布库苏语及通常归入卢希亚语群的其他语言关系密切，但马萨巴语有独立标识，不应简单改用卢希亚宏语言代码。与其他班图语言一样，它具有名词类别体系，类别一致会表现在修饰语和其他语法成分上。它是声调、黏着型语言，通常采用主语–动词–宾语语序，并构成复杂动词形式以标示参与者、时态、体及相关范畴。马萨巴语用拉丁字母正字法书写，用于广播、教会、地方文学及部分教育；它没有全国官方地位，多语者还会依场合使用英语、斯瓦希里语、卢干达语或邻近语言。
使用地区
马萨巴语的87个核心词
来源
单词比较
与同属大西洋-刚果语系（班图语族，马萨巴-卢希亚语支）的语言比较
| 含义 | 马萨巴语 | 布库苏语 | 卢希亚语 | 索加语 | 尼奥罗语 | 尼安科莱语 | 奇加语 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 水 | kamaatsi /kamaːtsi/ | kameechi /kameːtʃi/ | amatsi /amatsi/ | amaadhi /amaːd̪i/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ |
| 火 | kamulilo /kamulilo/ | kumulilo /kumulilo/ | omuliro /omuliro/ | omuliro /omuliro/ | omurro /omurro/ | omuriro /omuriro/ | omuriro /omuriro/ |
| 太阳 | suuba /suːba/ | enyanga /eɲaŋɡa/ | liuba /liuba/ | endhuba /end̪uba/ | izooba /izoːba/ | eizooba /eizoːba/ | eizooba /eizoːba/ |
| 月亮 | umweesi /umweːsi/ | kumwesi /kumwesi/ | omwesi /omwesi/ | omwezi /omwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ |
| 星 | kumunyeenye /kumuɲeːɲe/ | eng'enieesi /eŋeɲeːsi/ | engʼiningʼini /eŋiniŋini/ | emuunienie /emuːɲeɲe/ | enyunyuunzi /eɲuɲuːnzi/ | enyonyoozi /eɲoɲoːzi/ | enyonyoozi /eɲoɲoːzi/ |
| 晚上 | busilo /busilo/ | siilo /siːlo/ | eshilo /eʃilo/ | obwire /obwire/ | ekiro /ekiro/ | ekiro /ekiro/ | ekiro /etʃiro/ |
| 雨 | ifula /ifula/ | efula /efula/ | efula /eˈfula/ | enkuba /eŋkuba/ | enjura /eɲɟura/ | enjura /enˈdʒura/ | enjura /eɲɟura/ |
| 风 | imbewo /imbewo/ | embeo /embeo/ | omuyeka /omujeka/ | empewo /empewo/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ |
| 土 | liloba /liloba/ | liloba /liloba/ | liloba /liloba/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | itaka /itaka/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | eitaka /eitaka/ |
| 石头 | libaale /libaːle/ | libaale /liβaːle/ | lichina /litʃina/ | eibaale /eibaːle/ | ibaale /iβaːle/ | eibaare /eiˈbaːre/ | eibaare /eiˈbaːre/ |
| 山 | lukiingi /lukiːŋɡi/ | sikulu /sikulu/ | eshikulu /eʃikulu/ | olusozi /olusozi/ | orusozi /orusozi/ | orushozi /oruʃozi/ | omusozi /omusozi/ |
| 海 | inyaantsa /iɲaːntsa/ | enyanja /eɲandʒa/ | inyanza /iɲanza/ | enhandha /eɲand̪a/ | enyanja /eɲaɲɟa/ | enyanja /eɲaɲdʒa/ | enyanja /eɲaɲdʒa/ |
| 母亲 | mayi /maji/ | maayi /maːji/ | mayi /maji/ | maama /maːma/ | nyinya /ɲiɲa/ | maawe /maːwe/ | nyina /ɲina/ |
| 父亲 | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | lata /lata/ | isho /iʃo/ | tata /tata/ | ishe /iʃe/ |
| 女儿 | umukhaana /umuxaːna/ | omukhaana /omuxaːna/ | omukhaana /omuxaːna/ | omughala /omuɣala/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | omuhara /omuhara/ |
| 我 | ise /ise/ | ese /ese/ | ese /ese/ | nze /nze/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ |
| 你 | iwe /iwe/ | ewe /ewe/ | ewe /ewe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| 我们 | ifwe /ifwe/ | efwe /efwe/ | efwe /efwe/ | iffe /ifːe/ | itwe /itwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | itwe /itwe/ |
| 名字 | lisiina /lisiːna/ | lisina /lisina/ | elira /elira/ | eriina /eriːna/ | ibara /iβara/ | eiziina /eiziːna/ | eiziina /eiziːna/ |
| 人 | umundu /umundu/ | omundu /omundu/ | omundu /omundu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ |
| 头 | kumurwe /kumurwe/ | kumurwe /kumurwe/ | omurwe /omurwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ |
| 眼睛 | liiso /liːso/ | emoni /emoni/ | liiso /liːso/ | eriiso /eriːso/ | eriiso /eriːso/ | eriisho /eriːʃo/ | eriisho /eriːʃo/ |
| 耳朵 | khukhuru /kʰukʰuru/ | liiru /liːru/ | eshirwi /eʃirwi/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ |
| 鼻子 | lilyoolu /liʎoːlu/ | lyolu /ljolu/ | amolu /amolu/ | enhindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ |
| 嘴 | kumunwa /kumunwa/ | kumunwa /kumunwa/ | omunwa /omunwa/ | omunwa /omunwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ |
| 牙 | liino /liːno/ | liino /liːno/ | lino /lino/ | erino /erino/ | eriino /eriːno/ | eriino /eriːno/ | eriino /eriːno/ |
| 舌头 | lulimi /lulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | olulimi /olulimi/ | olulimi /olulimi/ | orulimi /orulimi/ | orurimi /orurimi/ | orurimi /orurimi/ |
| 手 | kumukhono /kumukʰono/ | kumukhono /kumuxono/ | omukhono /omukʰono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ |
| 脚 | shikyele /ʃikjele/ | sikele /sikele/ | eshilenje /eʃilendʒe/ | ekigere /ekiɡere/ | ekigere /ekiɡere/ | ekigyere /ekiɡjere/ | ekigyere /ekiɡjere/ |
| 心 | umwoyo /umwojo/ | kumwoyo /kumwojo/ | omwoyo /omwojo/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ |
| 骨头 | kumba /kumba/ | sikuumba /sikuːmba/ | eshikumba /eʃikumba/ | eigumba /eiɡumba/ | igufa /iɡufa/ | eigufa /eiɡufa/ | eigufa /eiɡufa/ |
| 血 | kamafuki /kamafuki/ | kamafuki /kamafuki/ | amasayi /amasaji/ | omusaayi /omusaːji/ | esagama /esaɡama/ | eshagama /eʃaɡama/ | eshagama /eʃaɡama/ |
| 爱 | khusima /kʰusima/ | khusiima /xusiːma/ | obuyanzi /obujanzi/ | kugonza /kuɡonza/ | kugonza /kuɡonza/ | rukundo /rukundo/ | kukunda /kukunda/ |
| 树 | kumusaala /kumusaːla/ | kumusaala /kumusaːla/ | omusala /omusala/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ |
| 狗 | imbwa /imbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ |
| 猫 | paka /paka/ | enyawu /eɲawu/ | lipusi /lipusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | paaka /paːka/ | enjangu /endʒaŋɡu/ | kapa /kapa/ |
| 鱼 | enyeni /eɲeni/ | eng'eeni /eŋeːni/ | inyeni /iɲeni/ | ekyenhandha /etʃeɲand̪a/ | encu /eɲtʃu/ | eky'enyanja /etʃeɲaɲdʒa/ | eky'enyanja /etʃeɲaɲdʒa/ |
| 鸟 | khanywinywi /kʰaɲwiɲwi/ | enyuni /eɲuni/ | linyonyi /liɲoɲi/ | enhonhi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ |
| 鸡蛋 | liiki /liːki/ | liiki /liːki/ | liki /liki/ | eggi /eɡːi/ | ihuli /ihuli/ | eihuri /eihuri/ | eihuri /eihuri/ |
| 马 | ifarasi /ifarasi/ | efarasi /efarasi/ | ifarasi /ifarasi/ | embalaasi /embalaːsi/ | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ |
| 房子 | nzu /nzu/ | enju /endʒu/ | enzu /enzu/ | endhu /end̪u/ | enju /endʒu/ | enju /endʒu/ | enju /endʒu/ |
| 牛奶 | kamabeele /kamabeːle/ | kamabeele /kamaβeːle/ | amabeere /amabeːre/ | amata /amata/ | amata /amata/ | amate /amate/ | amate /amate/ |
| 蜂蜜 | bubuukhi /bubuːkʰi/ | buukhi /buːxi/ | obushi /obuʃi/ | omudheenene /omud̪eːnene/ | obwoki /obwoki/ | obwoki /obwoki/ | obwuuki /obwuːtʃi/ |
| 盐 | kyumbi /kjumbi/ | kumuunyu /kumuːɲu/ | omunyu /omuɲu/ | omuunhu /omuːɲu/ | omunyu /omuɲu/ | omwonyo /omwoɲo/ | omwonyo /omwoɲo/ |
| 葡萄酒 | iviini /iviːni/ | endali /endali/ | idivai /idivai/ | omwenge gw'emizabbibu /omweŋɡe ɡwemizabːibu/ | eviini /eviːni/ | viino /viːno/ | viino /viːno/ |
| 铁 | sikyuma /sikjuma/ | sichuuma /sitʃuːma/ | eshibia /eʃibia/ | ekyuma /ekjuma/ | ekyoma /ekjoma/ | ekyoma /eˈkjoma/ | obutare /obutare/ |
| 轮子 | kumukuwu /kumukuwu/ | engara /eŋɡara/ | omukurutumu /omukurutumu/ | enkede /eŋkede/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ |
| 书 | shitabo /ʃitabo/ | sitabu /sitabu/ | eshitabu /eʃitabu/ | ekitabo /ekitabo/ | ekitabu /ekitaβu/ | ekitabo /ekitabo/ | ekitabo /etʃitabo/ |
| 吃 | khulya /kʰuʎa/ | khulya /xulja/ | khulia /kʰulia/ | kulya /kulja/ | kulya /kulja/ | kurya /kurja/ | kurya /kurja/ |
| 喝 | khunywa /kʰuɲwa/ | khunywa /xuɲwa/ | khunywa /kʰuɲwa/ | kunhwa /kuɲʷa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ |
| 睡觉 | khukona /kʰukona/ | khukona /xukona/ | khukona /kʰukona/ | kutenduka /kutenduka/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | kubyama /kubjama/ |
| 一 | mulala /mulala/ | ndala /ndala/ | ndala /ndala/ | ndala /ndala/ | emu /emu/ | emwe /emwe/ | rumwe /rumwe/ |
| 二 | babili /βaβili/ | babili /βaβili/ | tsibili /tsibili/ | ibiri /ibiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ |
| 三 | bisatu /bisatu/ | bataru /βataru/ | tsitaru /tsitaru/ | isatu /isatu/ | isatu /isatu/ | ishatu /iʃatu/ | ishatu /iʃatu/ |
| 四 | tsine /tsine/ | bane /βane/ | tsine /tsine/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | eina /eina/ | ina /ina/ |
| 五 | tsirano /tsirano/ | baraano /βaraːno/ | tsirano /tsirano/ | itaanu /iˈtaːnu/ | itaano /iˈtaːno/ | itaano /itaːno/ | itaano /itaːno/ |
| 百 | sitondo /sitondo/ | miya /mija/ | emia /emia/ | kikumi /kikumi/ | kikumi /tʃikumi/ | igana /iɡana/ | igana /iɡana/ |
| 你好 | mulembe /mulembe/ | mulembe /mulembe/ | mulembe /mulembe/ | mwaakire /mwaːkire/ | oraire ota /oraire ota/ | agandi /aɡandi/ | oraire /oraire/ |
| 谢谢 | ole nise /ole nise/ | orio /orio/ | orio /orio/ | weebale /weːbale/ | webale /webale/ | webare /webare/ | webare /webare/ |
| 好 | kalayi /kalaji/ | kalayi /kalaji/ | malayi /malaji/ | bulungi /buluŋɡi/ | kurungi /kuruŋɡi/ | kirungi /kiruŋɡi/ | kurungi /kuruŋɡi/ |
| 新 | imbya /imbja/ | embia /embia/ | eshiyia /eʃijia/ | iyaka /ijaka/ | ekihyaka /ekihjaka/ | ekisya /ekisja/ | ekisya /etʃisja/ |
| 红 | kumafu /kumafu/ | besemu /βesemu/ | kumafu /kumafu/ | myufu /mjufu/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | kutukura /kutukura/ |
| 白 | iwanga /iwaŋɡa/ | waanga /waːŋɡa/ | eshilafu /eʃilafu/ | ndheru /nd̪eru/ | kwera /kwera/ | kwera /kwera/ | kwera /kwera/ |
| 黑 | imali /imali/ | mali /mali/ | eshimali /eʃimali/ | ndhirugavu /nd̪iruɡavu/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ |
| 99 | kamakhumi syeenda na syeenda /kamakʰumi sjeːnda na sjeːnda/ | kamakhumi tisa na tisa /kamaxumi tisa na tisa/ | amakhumi tisa na tisa /amaxumi tisa na tisa/ | kyenda na mwenda /kjenda na mwenda/ | kyenda na mwenda /tʃenda na mwenda/ | makumi mwenda na mwenda /makumi mwenda na mwenda/ | makumi mwenda na mwenda /makumi mwenda na mwenda/ |
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