Aymar aru
Aymara
Aymaran
Aymara (Aymar aru) is the principal language of the Aymara people of the Andean altiplano, with ~2M speakers centered around Lake Titicaca on the Bolivia-Peru border. One of three official languages of Bolivia (alongside Spanish and Quechua) and an official language in Peru (in regions where it predominates). Famous for its evidential marking system (whether the speaker witnessed an event firsthand vs. inferred or hearsay) and for spatial-temporal metaphors that place the past in front and the future behind (the inverse of most languages). The Aymaran family includes Jaqaru and Kawki of central Peru. Pre-Columbian writing was via tocapu and quipu.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Aymara
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Aymaran
| Meaning | Aymara | Jaqaru | Quechua | Cusco Quechua | Ayacucho Quechua | Classical Quechua | Pintupi-Luritja |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | uma /uma/ | uma /uma/ | yaku /jaku/ | unu /unu/ | yaku /jaku/ | unu /unu/ | kapi /kapi/ |
| Fire | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | waru /waɻu/ |
| Sun | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | tjintu /cintu/ |
| Moon | phaxsi /pʰaχsi/ | paxshi /paχʃi/ | killa /kiʎa/ | killa /kiʎa/ | killa /kiʎa/ | killa /kiʎa/ | pira /piɻa/ |
| Star | warawara /waɾawaɾa/ | waraxa /waɾaχa/ | quyllur /ˈqujʎuɾ/ | quyllur /ˈqojʎur/ | quyllur /ˈqujʎuɾ/ | quyllur /qojʎur/ | kililpi /kiˈlilpi/ |
| Night | aruma /aruma/ | aruma /aruma/ | tuta /tuta/ | tuta /tuta/ | tuta /tuta/ | tuta /tuta/ | munga /muŋa/ |
| Rain | jallu /ˈxaʎu/ | jallu /haʎu/ | para /ˈpaɾa/ | para /ˈpara/ | para /ˈpaɾa/ | para /para/ | — |
| Snow | khunu /kʰunu/ | khunu /kʰunu/ | ritʼi /ɾitʼi/ | ritʼi /ritʼi/ | rasu /ɾasu/ | ritʼi /ɾitʼi/ | — |
| Wind | thaya /ˈtʰaja/ | wawya /wawja/ | wayra /ˈwajɾa/ | wayra /ˈwajɾa/ | wayra /ˈwajɾa/ | wayra /ˈwajra/ | walpa /walpa/ |
| Earth | uraqi /uɾaqi/ | — | allpa /aʎpa/ | allpa /alʲpa/ | allpa /aʎpa/ | allpa /alʲpa/ | manta /manta/ |
| Stone | qala /ˈqala/ | qala /qala/ | rumi /ˈɾumi/ | rumi /ˈɾumi/ | rumi /ˈɾumi/ | rumi /rumi/ | puḻi /puɭi/ |
| Mountain | qullu /quʎu/ | qaaqa /qaːqa/ | urqu /ˈuɾqu/ | urqu /urqu/ | urqu /uɾqu/ | urqu /orqo/ | puḻi katu /puɭi katu/ |
| Sea | lamara /lamara/ | — | mama qucha /mama ˈqutʃa/ | mama qucha /mama qutʃa/ | lamar qucha /lamaɾ qutʃa/ | mama qucha /mama qotʃa/ | yuru /juɻu/ |
| Mother | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | ngunytju /ŋuɲcu/ |
| Father | tata /tata/ | awki /awki/ | tayta /tajta/ | tayta /tajta/ | tayta /tajta/ | yaya /jaja/ | mama /mama/ |
| Daughter | phucha /pʰutʃa/ | — | ususi /uˈsusi/ | ususi /uˈsusi/ | ususi /uˈsusi/ | ususi /ususi/ | yuṉṯalpa /juɳʈalpa/ |
| I | naya /naja/ | na /na/ | ñuqa /ˈɲuqa/ | ñuqa /ˈɲoqa/ | ñuqa /ˈɲuqa/ | ñuqa /ɲoqa/ | ngayulu /ŋajulu/ |
| You | juma /xuma/ | juma /huma/ | qam /qam/ | qan /qan/ | qam /qam/ | qam /qam/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ |
| We | jiwasa / nanaka /xiwasa / nanaka/ | jiwsa /hiwsa/ | ñuqanchik / ñuqayku /ɲuˈqantʃik / ɲuˈqajku/ | ñuqanchis / ñuqayku /ɲoˈqantʃis / ɲoˈqajku/ | ñuqanchik / ñuqayku /ɲuˈqantʃik / ɲuˈqajku/ | ñuqanchik / ñuqayku /ɲoqantʃik / ɲoqajku/ | nganana /ŋanaɳa/ |
| Name | suti /suti/ | shutyi /ʃuci/ | suti /ˈsuti/ | suti /ˈsuti/ | suti /ˈsuti/ | suti /suti/ | yini /jini/ |
| Person | jaqi /xaqi/ | jaqi /haqi/ | runa /ˈɾuna/ | runa /runa/ | runa /ɾuna/ | runa /runa/ | yanangu /janaŋu/ |
| Head | pʼiqi /pʼiqi/ | nampʼa /nampʼa/ | uma /ˈuma/ | uma /uma/ | uma /uma/ | uma /uma/ | kata /kata/ |
| Eye | nayra /najɾa/ | nayra /najɾa/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | kuru /kuɻu/ |
| Ear | jinchu /xintʃu/ | jinchu /hintʃu/ | rinri /ɾinɾi/ | rinri /rinri/ | rinri /ɾinɾi/ | rinri /ɾinri/ | pina /pina/ |
| Nose | nasa /ˈnasa/ | nasa /nasa/ | sinqa /ˈsinqa/ | sinqa /ˈsɛnqa/ | sinqa /ˈsinqa/ | sinqa /siŋqa/ | mulya /muʎa/ |
| Mouth | laka /ˈlaka/ | — | simi /ˈsimi/ | simi /simi/ | simi /simi/ | simi /simi/ | tjaa /caː/ |
| Tooth | lakʼa /lakʼa/ | shimi /ʃimi/ | kiru /kiɾu/ | kiru /kiɾu/ | kiru /kiɾu/ | kiru /kiɾu/ | katiti /katiti/ |
| Tongue | laxra /laχra/ | naxra /naχra/ | qallu /qaʎu/ | qallu /qaʎu/ | qallu /qaʎu/ | qallu /qaʎu/ | tjalinypa /caliɲpa/ |
| Hand | ampara /ampaɾa/ | ampara /ampaɾa/ | maki /maki/ | maki /maki/ | maki /maki/ | maki /maki/ | mara /maɻa/ |
| Foot | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | chaki /tʃaki/ | chaki /tʃaki/ | chaki /tʃaki/ | chaki /tʃaki/ | tjina /cina/ |
| Heart | chuyma /tʃujma/ | kurasunha /kuɾasunha/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | kututu /kututu/ |
| Bone | chʼakha /tʃʼakʰa/ | tsʼaaka /tsʼaːka/ | tullu /tuʎu/ | tullu /tuʎu/ | tullu /tuʎu/ | tullu /tuʎu/ | tarrka /taɾka/ |
| Blood | wila /wila/ | wila /wila/ | yawar /jawaɾ/ | yawar /jawar/ | yawar /jawaɾ/ | yawar /jawar/ | milkali /milkali/ |
| Poop | jama /xama/ | — | aka /aka/ | aka /aka/ | aka /aka/ | aka /ˈaka/ | kuna /kuna/ |
| Love | munasiña /munasiɲa/ | munasiña /munasiɲa/ | munay /munaj/ | munay /munaj/ | kuyay /kujaj/ | munay /munaj/ | mukulya /mukuʎa/ |
| Tree | quqa /quqa/ | arbuli /aɾbuli/ | sacha /satʃa/ | sachʼa /satʃʼa/ | sacha /satʃa/ | sachʼa /satʃʼa/ | punu /punu/ |
| Dog | anu /anu/ | hallqʼu /haʎqʼu/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | papa /papa/ |
| Cat | phisi /pʰisi/ | phishi /pʰiʃi/ | misi /misi/ | misi /misi/ | michi /mitʃi/ | misi /misi/ | pusi /pusi/ |
| Fish | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | piitji /piːʈi/ |
| Bird | jamachʼi /xamatʃʼi/ | chʼipi /tʃʼipi/ | pisqu /pisqu/ | pisqu /pisqu/ | pisqu /pisqu/ | pisqu /pisqu/ | tjuḻpu /cuɭpu/ |
| Butterfly | pilpintu /pilpintu/ | — | pillpintu /piʎpintu/ | pillpintu /piʎpintu/ | pillpintu /piʎpintu/ | pillpintu /piʎpintu/ | pintapinta /pintapinta/ |
| Egg | kʼawna /kʼawna/ | nuru /nuɾu/ | runtu /ˈɾuntu/ | runtu /runtu/ | runtu /ɾuntu/ | runtu /ɾuntu/ | ngampu /ŋampu/ |
| Bear | jukumari /xukumaɾi/ | — | ukumari /ukumaɾi/ | ukuku /ukuku/ | ukumari /ukumaɾi/ | ukumari /ukumaɾi/ | piiya /piːja/ |
| Horse | kawallu /kawaʎu/ | — | kawallu /kaˈwaʎu/ | kawallu /kawaʎu/ | kaballu /kabaʎu/ | — | naanytja /naːɲca/ |
| House | uta /uta/ | uta /uta/ | wasi /wasi/ | wasi /wasi/ | wasi /wasi/ | wasi /wasi/ | ngurra /ŋuɾa/ |
| Milk | millkʼi /miʎkʼi/ | — | lichi /ˈlitʃi/ | lichi /litʃi/ | lichi /litʃi/ | ñukñu /ɲukɲu/ | mimi /mimi/ |
| Honey | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | — | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | miski /miski/ | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | ngalypuru /ŋaʎpuɻu/ |
| Salt | jayu /ˈxaju/ | katyi /kaci/ | kachi /ˈkatʃi/ | kachi /ˈkatʃi/ | kachi /ˈkatʃi/ | kachi /katʃi/ | paṉṯu /paɳʈu/ |
| Wine | vino /vino/ | — | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | — | wayina /wajina/ |
| Rice | arusa /aɾusa/ | — | arus /ˈaɾus/ | arus /arus/ | arus /ˈaɾus/ | — | — |
| Chocolate | chukulati /tʃukuˈlati/ | — | chukulati /tʃukuˈlati/ | chukulati /tʃukuˈlati/ | chukulati /tʃukuˈlati/ | — | — |
| Iron | qillaya /qiʎaja/ | — | qʼillay /ˈqʼiʎaj/ | fierro /ˈfjero/ | fierro /ˈfjeɾo/ | — | yayina /jajina/ |
| Wheel | rueda /ɾweda/ | — | rueda /ɾweda/ | rueda /ˈɾweda/ | rueda /ˈɾweda/ | — | taaya /taːja/ |
| Silk | seda /seda/ | — | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /seda/ | — | — |
| Book | panka /panka/ | — | liwru /ˈliwɾu/ | liwru /liwru/ | libru /libɾu/ | — | piipa /piːpa/ |
| Eat | manqʼaña /manqʼaɲa/ | paluña /paluɲa/ | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ | mikuy /mikuj/ | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ | ngalkuni /ŋalkuni/ |
| Drink | umaña /umaɲa/ | umaña /umaɲa/ | upyay /upjaj/ | upyay /upjaj/ | upyay /upjaj/ | upyay /upjaj/ | tjikini /cikini/ |
| Sleep | ikiña /iˈkiɲa/ | ikiña /iˈkiɲa/ | puñuy /puˈɲuj/ | puñuy /puˈɲuj/ | puñuy /puˈɲuj/ | puñuy /puɲuj/ | kunkunpa /kunkunpa/ |
| One | maya /maja/ | maya /maja/ | huk /huk/ | huk /huk/ | huk /huk/ | huk /huk/ | kutju /kucu/ |
| Two | paya /paja/ | paxa /paχa/ | iskay /ˈiskaj/ | iskay /ˈiskaj/ | iskay /ˈiskaj/ | iskay /iskaj/ | kutjarra /kucaɾa/ |
| Three | kimsa /kimsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | kinsa /kinsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | tjirripala /ciripala/ |
| Four | pusi /pusi/ | pushi /puʃi/ | tawa /tawa/ | tawa /tawa/ | tawa /tawa/ | tawa /tawa/ | puupala /puːpala/ |
| Five | phisqa /ˈpʰisqa/ | pichqa /pitʃqa/ | pichqa /ˈpitʃqa/ | pichqa /ˈpitʃqa/ | pichqa /ˈpitʃqa/ | pichqa /pitʃqa/ | payipala /pajipala/ |
| Hundred | pataka /pataka/ | pachak /patʃak/ | pachak /ˈpatʃak/ | pachak /ˈpatʃak/ | pachak /patʃak/ | pachak /patʃak/ | yantaṯa /jantaʈa/ |
| Hello | kamisaki /kamisaki/ | kamishti /kamiʃti/ | allillanchu /aʎiʎantʃu/ | rimaykullayki /rimajkuʎajki/ | napaykullayki /napajkuʎajki/ | rimaykullayki /rimajkuʎajki/ | palya /paʎa/ |
| Thank you | yuspagara /juspaɣaɾa/ | yuspaa /juspaː/ | sulpayki /sulpajki/ | añay /aɲaj/ | añay /aɲaj/ | añay /aɲaj/ | palya /paʎa/ |
| Good | suma /suma/ | shuma /ʃuma/ | allin /aʎin/ | allin /aʎin/ | allin /aʎin/ | allin /aʎin/ | palya /paʎa/ |
| New | machaqa /matʃaqa/ | machaqa /matʃaqa/ | musuq /ˈmusuq/ | musuq /musuq/ | musuq /musuq/ | musuq /mosoq/ | kuwarritja /kuwaɾica/ |
| Red | wila /wila/ | chukapa /tʃukapa/ | puka /puka/ | puka /puka/ | puka /puka/ | puka /puka/ | yulpa /julpa/ |
| White | janqʼu /ˈxaɴqʼu/ | janqʼu /hanqʼu/ | yuraq /ˈjuɾaq/ | yuraq /ˈjuɾaq/ | yuraq /ˈjuɾaq/ | yuraq /juraq/ | piranpa /piɾanpa/ |
| Black | chʼiyara /tʃʼijara/ | tsʼirara /tsʼiɾaɾa/ | yana /jana/ | yana /jana/ | yana /jana/ | yana /jana/ | maru /maɻu/ |
| Green | chʼuxña /tʃʼuxɲa/ | — | qʼomer /qʼomeɾ/ | qʼumir /qʼumir/ | qumir /qumiɾ/ | qumir /qomir/ | kuriinwana /kuɻiːnwana/ |
| Blue | larama /laɾama/ | — | anqas /aŋqas/ | anqas /aŋqas/ | anqas /aŋqas/ | — | puluuwana /puluːwana/ |
| Computer | atamiri /atamiɾi/ | — | antañiqiq /antaɲiqiq/ | computadora /komputaˈdora/ | computadora /komputaˈdoɾa/ | yupana /juˈpana/ | — |
| Coffee | café /kafe/ | — | kaphiy /kapʰij/ | kaphiy /kapʰij/ | — | — | — |
| Sugar | azúcar /asukar/ | — | asukar /aˈsukaɾ/ | asukar /aˈsukar/ | asukar /aˈsukaɾ/ | — | tjuuka /cuːka/ |
| Ninety-nine | llätunka tunka llätunkani /ʎaːtunka tunka ʎaːtunkani/ | — | isqun chunka isqunniyuq /isqun tʃunka isqunnijuq/ | isqun chunka isqunniyuq /ˈisqun ˈtʃunka isqunniˈjuq/ | isqun chunka isqunniyuq /isqun tʃunka isqunnijuq/ | isqun chunka isqunniyuq /isqun tʃunka isqunnijuq/ | — |
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