Mru
Sino-Tibetan
Mru (also Mro or Mrung) is a Mruic language of the Sino-Tibetan family spoken by about 94,000 people in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of southeastern Bangladesh and neighboring areas of Myanmar. Its main Bangladeshi concentration is in Bandarban District, with smaller communities in Rangamati. Mru is distinct from Mro-Khimi, a separate Kuki-Chin language of Myanmar. The language has verb-final SOV order and is traditionally oral. An independent left-to-right Mro alphabet was created in the 1980s, later gained broad community use, and has been encoded in Unicode since version 7.0; Latin transcription is also used in linguistic work.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Mru
Sources
- none found that the row follows. Checked: STEDT, lexibank (incl. chindialectsurvey, which has Mro-Khimi cmr, a different language), IDS, bible.com, Wiktionary (2 Mru-script lemmas, Rashel 2009), Rashel 2009 PDF (Mru-script examples lost in text layer). ASJP "MRU" (Bischoffberger) used for confirmation only
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Sino-Tibetan
| Meaning | Mru | Tshangla | Proto-Sino-Tibetan | Hakha Chin | Ladakhi | Mizo | Old Burmese |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | o /ɔ/ | ri /ɾi/ | *ti(y) /ti(j)/ | ti /ti/ | ཆུ /tɕʰu/ | tui /tui/ | ရိ /riy/ |
| Fire | mai /mɑɪ/ | mi /mi/ | *mey /mey/ | mei /mei/ | མེ /me/ | mei /mei/ | မိး /miːʔ/ |
| Sun | thum /tʰum/ | ngam /ŋam/ | *nəy /nəy/ | ni /ni/ | ཉི་མ /ɲima/ | ni /ni/ | နိ /niy/ |
| Moon | la /lə/ | lanyingam /laɲiŋam/ | *s-la /s-la/ | thla /tʰla/ | ཟླ་བ /lzawa/ | thla /tʰla/ | လ /la/ |
| Star | kɯr /kɯr/ | karma /kaɾma/ | *s-kar /s-kar/ | arfi /ʔarfi/ | སྐར་མ /skarma/ | arsi /arsi/ | ကြယ် /kraj/ |
| Night | yak /jak/ | binang /binaŋ/ | *mun /mun/ | zan /zan/ | མཚན /tsʰen/ | zan /zan/ | ည /ɲaɲʔ/ |
| Mother | au /əʔu/ | ama /ama/ | *ma /ma/ | nu /nu/ | ཨ་མ /ama/ | nu /nu/ | အမိ /ʔamiy/ |
| Father | pa /pə/ | apa /apa/ | *pa /pa/ | pa /pa/ | ཨ་བ /aba/ | pa /pa/ | အဖ /ʔap/ |
| I | nga /ŋa/ | jang /dʑaŋ/ | *ŋa /ŋa/ | kei /kei/ | ང /ŋa/ | kei /kei/ | ငာ /ŋaː/ |
| You | nang /naŋ/ | nan /nan/ | *naŋ /naŋ/ | nang /naŋ/ | ཁྱེད་རང /kʰeːraŋ/ | nang /naŋ/ | နင် /naŋ/ |
| We | — /—/ | ai /ai/ | — /—/ | kanmah /kanmaʔ/ | ང་ཞ /ŋaʒa/ | keini /keini/ | — /—/ |
| Name | ming /miŋ/ | ming /miŋ/ | *r-miŋ /r-miŋ/ | min /min/ | མིང /miŋ/ | hming /hmiŋ/ | အမည် /ʔamɲaɲ/ |
| Eye | mik /mɪk/ | ming /miŋ/ | *s-mik /s-mik/ | mit /mit/ | མིག /mik/ | mit /mit/ | မ္ယက် /mlak/ |
| Ear | na /na/ | na /na/ | *r-na /r̩na/ | hna /hna/ | ནམ་ཅོག /namtɕok/ | beng /beŋ/ | နား /naːh/ |
| Tooth | ha /ha/ | sha /ɕa/ | *s-wa /swa/ | ha /ha/ | སོ /so/ | ha /ha/ | သွား /swaːh/ |
| Tongue | lei /lei/ | le /le/ | *mlja /mlja/ | lei /lei/ | ལྕེ /ltʃe/ | lei /lei/ | လျှာ /lhjaː/ |
| Hand | bong /boŋ/ | gadang /ɡadaŋ/ | *lak /lak/ | kut /kut/ | ལག་པ /lakpa/ | kut /kut/ | လက် /lak/ |
| Foot | klong /kləŋ/ | bi /bi/ | *r-kaŋ /r-kaŋ/ | ke /ke/ | རྐང་པ /skaŋpa/ | ke /ke/ | ခြိယ် /kʰrij/ |
| Heart | tsak /tsʰɑk/ | thinglom /tʰiŋlom/ | — /—/ | lung /luŋ/ | སྙིང /ɲiŋ/ | thinlung /tʰinluŋ/ | နှလုံး /hnalumh/ |
| Bone | hut /hut/ | khang /kʰaŋ/ | *rus /rus/ | ruh /ruh/ | རུས་པ /ruspa/ | ruh /ruh/ | အရိုး /ʔaruiwh/ |
| Blood | thi /tʰi/ | yi /ji/ | *s-hwəy-t /shwəjt/ | thi /tʰî/ | ཁྲག /kʰraq/ | thisen /tʰiseːn/ | သုယ် /suj/ |
| Love | akiet /əkiɛt/ | phangpe /pʰaŋpe/ | *m-dza-k /m-dza-k/ | daw /daw/ | དགའ /ɡa/ | hmangaih /hmaŋai/ | ချစ် /klyit/ |
| Tree | tshing /tsʰɪŋ/ | shing /ɕiŋ/ | *siŋ /siŋ/ | thingkung /tʰiŋkuŋ/ | ཤིང /ʃiŋ/ | thingkung /tʰiŋkuŋ/ | သစ် /sit/ |
| Dog | takui /təkuɪ/ | khu /kʰu/ | *d-kʷəy /d-kʷəy/ | ui /ui/ | ཁྱི /kʰi/ | ui /ui/ | ခုယ်း /kʰuj/ |
| Cat | tamin /təmɪn/ | danyi /daɲi/ | — /—/ | minu /minu/ | བྱི་ལ /pila/ | zawhte /zɔʔte/ | ကြောင် /klaŋ/ |
| Fish | nga /ŋa/ | nga /ŋa/ | *ŋja /ŋja/ | nga /ŋà/ | ཉ /ɲa/ | sangha /saŋha/ | ငါး /ŋaːh/ |
| House | khim /kʲɪm/ | phai /pʰai/ | *k-yim /k-jim/ | inn /in/ | ཁང་པ /kʰaŋpa/ | in /in/ | အိမ် /ʔim/ |
| Eat | tsa /tsɑ/ | zale /zale/ | *dzya /dzja/ | ei /ei/ | ཟ /za/ | ei /ei/ | စား /tsaːʔ/ |
| Drink | kham /kʰɑm/ | jame /dʑame/ | *s(y)awk /s(j)awk/ | din /din/ | འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ | in /in/ | ၐုက် /suk/ |
| One | lok /lɔk/ | thur /tʰuɾ/ | *tik /tik/ | pakhat /pakʰat/ | གཅིག /tɕik/ | pakhat /pakʰat/ | တ /tac/ |
| Two | pəni /pəni/ | nyiktsing /ɲiktsiŋ/ | *g-nis /g-nis/ | pahnih /pahniʔ/ | གཉིས /ɲis/ | pahnih /pahniʔ/ | နှစ် /n̥ac/ |
| Three | sum /sum/ | sam /sam/ | *g-sum /ɡsum/ | pathum /patʰum/ | གསུམ /sum/ | pathum /patʰum/ | သုံ /sumh/ |
| Hello | namaskaro /nɑməskɑro/ | kuzuzangpo /kuzuzaŋpo/ | — /—/ | na dam maw /na dam maw/ | ཇུ་ལེ /dʑule/ | chibai /tʃibai/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | dhanyabad /dʰənəbɑd/ | kadrinche /kaɖintɕʰe/ | — /—/ | ka lawm /ka lawm/ | ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེ /tʰuktɕetɕʰe/ | ka lawm e /ka lɔːm e/ | — /—/ |
| Good | — /—/ | lekpu /lekpu/ | *l(j)ak /l(j)ak/ | ṭha /ʈʰa/ | ཡག་པོ /jakpo/ | ṭha /tɾʰa/ | ကောင်း /kawŋ/ |
| Red | ni /ni/ | tsalo /tsalo/ | *tya-n /tja-n/ | sen /sen/ | དམར་པོ /marpo/ | sen /sen/ | နီ /niː/ |
| White | — /—/ | balingmu /baliŋmu/ | *bawk /bawk/ | raang /raːŋ/ | དཀར་པོ /kar po/ | vâr /var/ | ဖ္လူ /pʰlu/ |
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