Català
Catalan
Romance
Catalan (català; ISO 639-3: cat) is a Romance language spoken in Andorra, eastern Spain, France’s Pyrénées-Orientales, and Alghero in Sardinia. It is Andorra’s sole official language and is co-official with Castilian in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community, where its statutory name is Valencian; recognition elsewhere varies. Closely related to Occitan, Catalan has eastern and western dialect blocks, with Valencian, Balearic, northern, and Algherese among its major regional varieties. Its grammar marks two genders, uses articles and pronominal clitics, and generally favors subject–verb–object order while allowing variation. The Institut d’Estudis Catalans regulates the general standard, while the Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua regulates Valencian; modern codification builds on Pompeu Fabra’s 1913 orthographic norms and 1918 grammar, alongside a literary tradition extending from the Middle Ages.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Catalan
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Romance
| Meaning | Catalan | Valencian | Occitan | Galician | Aragonese | Asturian | Old French |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | aigua /ajɣwə/ | aigua /ˈajɣwa/ | aiga /ajɡɔ/ | auga /ˈawɣa/ | augua /ˈawɡwa/ | agua /ˈaɣwa/ | eve /ˈɛːvə/ |
| Fire | foc /fɔk/ | foc /fɔk/ | fuòc /fwɔk/ | lume /ˈlume/ | fuego /ˈfweɣo/ | fueu /ˈfweu/ | feu /fø/ |
| Sun | sol /sɔl/ | sol /sɔl/ | solelh /sulɛʎ/ | sol /sɔl/ | sol /sol/ | sol /sol/ | soleil /soˈleʎ/ |
| Moon | lluna /ʎunə/ | lluna /ˈʎuna/ | luna /lynɔ/ | lúa /ˈlua/ | luna /ˈluna/ | lluna /ˈʎuna/ | lune /ˈlynə/ |
| Star | estrella /əsˈtɾeʎə/ | estrella /esˈtɾeʎa/ | estèla /esˈtɛlɔ/ | estrela /esˈtɾela/ | estrela /esˈtɾela/ | estrella /esˈtɾeʎa/ | estoile /esˈtoilə/ |
| Night | nit /nit/ | nit /nit/ | nuèch /nɥɛtʃ/ | noite /ˈnojte/ | nueit /nweit/ | nueche /ˈnwetʃe/ | nuit /nɥit/ |
| Rain | pluja /ˈpluʒə/ | pluja /ˈpluʒa/ | pluèja /ˈplɥɛdʒɔ/ | choiva /ˈtʃoi̯βa/ | plevia /ˈplebja/ | lluvia /ˈʎuβja/ | pluie /ˈplyjə/ |
| Snow | neu /nɛw/ | neu /nɛw/ | nèu /nɛw/ | neve /ˈneβe/ | nieu /ˈnjew/ | nieve /njeβe/ | noif /nɔif/ |
| Wind | vent /ben/ | vent /vent/ | vent /ben/ | vento /ˈbento/ | viento /ˈbjento/ | vientu /ˈbjentu/ | vent /vent/ |
| Earth | terra /ˈtɛrə/ | terra /ˈtɛra/ | tèrra /ˈtɛrɔ/ | terra /ˈtɛra/ | tierra /ˈtjera/ | tierra /ˈtjera/ | terre /ˈtɛrə/ |
| Stone | pedra /ˈpeðɾə/ | pedra /ˈpeðɾa/ | pèira /ˈpɛjɾo/ | pedra /ˈpeðɾa/ | piedra /ˈpjeðɾa/ | piedra /ˈpjeðɾa/ | pierre /ˈpjɛrə/ |
| Mountain | muntanya /munˈtaɲə/ | muntanya /munˈtaɲa/ | montanha /munˈtaɲɔ/ | montaña /monˈtaɲa/ | montaña /monˈtaɲa/ | monte /ˈmonte/ | montaigne /munˈtaɲə/ |
| Sea | mar /maɾ/ | mar /maɾ/ | mar /maɾ/ | mar /maɾ/ | mar /maɾ/ | mar /maɾ/ | mer /mɛr/ |
| Mother | mare /maɾə/ | mare /ˈmaɾe/ | maire /majre/ | nai /naj/ | mai /maj/ | madre /ˈmaðɾe/ | mere /ˈmɛrə/ |
| Father | pare /paɾə/ | pare /ˈpaɾe/ | paire /ˈpajɾe/ | pai /paj/ | pai /paj/ | padre /ˈpaðɾe/ | pere /ˈpɛrə/ |
| Daughter | filla /ˈfiʎə/ | filla /ˈfiʎa/ | filha /ˈfiʎo/ | filla /ˈfiʎa/ | filla /ˈfiʎa/ | fía /ˈfia/ | fille /ˈfiʎə/ |
| I | jo /ʒɔ/ | jo /jɔ/ | ieu /jew/ | eu /ew/ | yo /ʝo/ | yo /ʝo/ | je /dʒə/ |
| You | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tu /ty/ | ti /ti/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tu /ty/ |
| We | nosaltres /nuˈzaltrəs/ | nosaltres /noˈzaltɾes/ | nosautres /nuˈzawtres/ | nós /nɔs/ | nusatros /nuˈsatɾos/ | nosotros /noˈsotɾos/ | nos /nɔs/ |
| Name | nom /nɔm/ | nom /nɔm/ | nom /num/ | nome /ˈnome/ | nombre /ˈnombɾe/ | nome /ˈnome/ | nom /nõ/ |
| Person | persona /pərˈsonə/ | persona /peɾˈsona/ | persona /perˈsunɔ/ | persoa /pɛɾˈsoa/ | persona /peɾˈsona/ | persona /peɾˈsona/ | persone /perˈsonə/ |
| Head | cap /kap/ | cap /kap/ | tèsta /ˈtɛsto/ | cabeza /kaˈβeθa/ | cabeza /kaˈβeθa/ | cabeza /kaˈβeθa/ | chief /tʃjɛf/ |
| Eye | ull /uʎ/ | ull /uʎ/ | uèlh /wɛʎ/ | ollo /ˈoʎo/ | uello /ˈweʎo/ | güeyu /ˈɡweʝu/ | oeil /œʎ/ |
| Ear | orella /uˈɾeʎə/ | orella /oˈɾeʎa/ | aurelha /awˈɾeʎɔ/ | orella /oˈreʎa/ | orella /oˈɾeʎa/ | oreya /oˈɾeʝa/ | oreille /uˈrɛʎə/ |
| Nose | nas /nas/ | nas /nas/ | nas /nas/ | nariz /naˈɾiθ/ | naso /ˈnaso/ | nariz /naˈɾiθ/ | nes /nes/ |
| Mouth | boca /ˈbɔkə/ | boca /ˈboka/ | boca /ˈbukɔ/ | boca /ˈbɔka/ | boca /ˈboka/ | boca /ˈboka/ | bouche /ˈbutʃə/ |
| Tooth | dent /den/ | dent /dent/ | dent /den/ | dente /ˈdente/ | dient /djent/ | diente /ˈdjente/ | dent /dent/ |
| Tongue | llengua /ˈʎeŋɡwə/ | llengua /ˈʎeŋɡwa/ | lenga /ˈleŋɡo/ | lingua /ˈliŋɡwa/ | luenga /ˈlweŋɡa/ | llingua /ˈʎiŋɡwa/ | langue /ˈlaŋɡə/ |
| Hand | mà /ma/ | mà /ma/ | man /ma/ | man /maŋ/ | mano /ˈmano/ | mano /ˈmano/ | main /mɛ̃j/ |
| Foot | peu /pɛw/ | peu /pɛw/ | pè /pɛ/ | pé /pɛ/ | piet /pjet/ | pie /pje/ | pié /ˈpiɛ/ |
| Heart | cor /kɔɾ/ | cor /kɔɾ/ | còr /kɔr/ | corazón /koɾaˈθoŋ/ | corazón /koɾaˈθon/ | corazón /koɾaˈθon/ | cuer /kwɛr/ |
| Bone | os /ɔs/ | os /ɔs/ | òs /ɔs/ | óso /ˈɔso/ | güeso /ˈɣweso/ | güesu /ˈɡwesu/ | os /ɔs/ |
| Blood | sang /saŋ/ | sang /saŋk/ | sang /saŋ/ | sangue /ˈsaŋɡe/ | sangre /ˈsaŋɡɾe/ | sangre /ˈsaŋɡɾe/ | sanc /sãnk/ |
| Poop | caca /ˈkakə/ | caca /ˈkaka/ | cacà /kaˈka/ | caca /ˈkaka/ | caca /ˈkaka/ | caca /ˈkaka/ | merde /ˈmɛrdə/ |
| Love | amor /əmoɾ/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amor /amur/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amor /aˈmoɾ/ | amor /aˈmor/ |
| Tree | arbre /aɾbɾə/ | arbre /ˈaɾbɾe/ | arbre /arbre/ | árbore /ˈaɾβoɾe/ | árbol /ˈaɾβol/ | árbol /ˈaɾβol/ | arbre /ˈarbrə/ |
| Dog | gos /ɡos/ | gos /ɡos/ | can /ka/ | can /kaŋ/ | can /kan/ | perru /ˈperu/ | chien /tʃjɛn/ |
| Cat | gat /ɡat/ | gat /ɡat/ | gat /ɡat/ | gato /ˈɡato/ | gato /ˈɡato/ | gatu /ˈɡatu/ | chat /tʃat/ |
| Fish | peix /peʃ/ | peix /pejʃ/ | peis /pejs/ | peixe /ˈpejʃe/ | peix /pejʃ/ | pexe /ˈpeʃe/ | poisson /pwɛˈsõn/ |
| Bird | ocell /uˈseʎ/ | ocell /oˈseʎ/ | aucèl /auˈsɛl/ | paxaro /ˈpaʃaɾo/ | paxaro /paʃaɾo/ | páxaru /ˈpaʃaɾu/ | oisel /ɔiˈzɛl/ |
| Butterfly | papallona /pəpəˈʎonə/ | papallona /papaˈʎona/ | parpalhòl /paɾpaˈʎɔl/ | bolboreta /bolβoˈɾeta/ | paxarela /paʃaˈɾela/ | caparina /kapaˈɾina/ | papeillon /papeˈʎõn/ |
| Egg | ou /ɔw/ | ou /ɔw/ | uòu /jɔw/ | ovo /ˈɔβo/ | uego /ˈweɣo/ | güevu /ˈɡweβu/ | uef /œf/ |
| Bear | ós /os/ | ós /os/ | ors /uɾs/ | oso /ˈoso/ | onso /ˈonso/ | osu /ˈosu/ | ors /ors/ |
| Horse | cavall /kəˈβaʎ/ | cavall /kaˈvaʎ/ | caval /kaˈβal/ | cabalo /kaˈβalo/ | caballo /kaˈβaʎo/ | caballu /kaˈβaʎu/ | cheval /tʃəˈval/ |
| House | casa /kazə/ | casa /ˈkaza/ | ostal /ustal/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | maison /maiˈzõn/ |
| Milk | llet /ʎet/ | llet /ʎet/ | lach /lats/ | leite /ˈlejte/ | leit /lejt/ | lleche /ˈʎetʃe/ | lait /lajt/ |
| Honey | mel /mɛl/ | mel /mɛl/ | mèl /mɛl/ | mel /mɛl/ | miel /mjel/ | miel /mjel/ | miel /mjɛl/ |
| Salt | sal /sal/ | sal /sal/ | sau /saw/ | sal /sal/ | sal /sal/ | sal /sal/ | sel /sɛl/ |
| Wine | vi /bi/ | vi /vi/ | vin /vi/ | viño /ˈbiɲo/ | vin /bin/ | vinu /ˈbinu/ | vin /vin/ |
| Rice | arròs /əˈros/ | arròs /aˈrɔs/ | ris /ris/ | arroz /aˈɾoθ/ | arroz /aˈroθ/ | arroz /aˈroθ/ | ris /ris/ |
| Chocolate | xocolata /ʃukuˈlatə/ | xocolate /tʃokoˈlate/ | chocolat /tʃukuˈla/ | chocolate /tʃokoˈlate/ | chicolate /tʃikoˈlate/ | chicolate /tʃikoˈlate/ | — |
| Iron | ferro /ˈfɛru/ | ferro /ˈfɛro/ | fèrre /ˈfɛre/ | ferro /ˈfɛro/ | fierro /ˈfjero/ | fierro /ˈfjero/ | fer /fɛr/ |
| Wheel | roda /ˈrɔðə/ | roda /ˈrɔða/ | ròda /ˈrɔdo/ | roda /ˈrɔða/ | rueda /ˈrweða/ | rueda /ˈrweða/ | roe /ˈrɔə/ |
| Silk | seda /ˈsɛðə/ | seda /ˈseða/ | seda /ˈsedɔ/ | seda /ˈseðɐ/ | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseða/ | soie /ˈsojə/ |
| Book | llibre /ˈʎiβɾə/ | llibre /ˈʎibɾe/ | libre /ˈliβɾe/ | libro /ˈliβɾo/ | libro /ˈliβɾo/ | llibru /ˈʎiβɾu/ | livre /ˈlivrə/ |
| Eat | menjar /mənʒa/ | menjar /meɲˈdʒaɾ/ | manjar /mandʒa/ | comer /koˈmeɾ/ | minchar /minˈtʃaɾ/ | comer /koˈmeɾ/ | mangier /manˈdʒjer/ |
| Drink | beure /bewɾə/ | beure /ˈbewɾe/ | béure /bewre/ | beber /beˈβeɾ/ | beber /beˈβeɾ/ | beber /beˈβeɾ/ | boivre /ˈbojvrə/ |
| Sleep | dormir /durˈmi/ | dormir /doɾˈmiɾ/ | dormir /durˈmi/ | durmir /duɾˈmiɾ/ | dormir /dorˈmir/ | dormir /dorˈmir/ | dormir /dorˈmir/ |
| One | un /un/ | un /un/ | un /yn/ | un /uŋ/ | un /un/ | ún /un/ | un /yn/ |
| Two | dos /dos/ | dos /dos/ | dos /dus/ | dous /dows/ | dos /dos/ | dos /dos/ | deus /døs/ |
| Three | tres /tɾes/ | tres /tɾes/ | tres /tɾes/ | tres /tɾes/ | tres /tɾes/ | tres /tɾes/ | treis /trejs/ |
| Four | quatre /ˈkwatɾə/ | quatre /ˈkwatɾe/ | quatre /ˈkwatɾe/ | catro /ˈkatɾo/ | quatro /ˈkwatɾo/ | cuatro /ˈkwatɾo/ | quatre /ˈkwatrə/ |
| Five | cinc /siŋ/ | cinc /siŋk/ | cinc /siŋ/ | cinco /ˈθiŋko/ | cinco /ˈθiŋko/ | cinco /ˈθiŋko/ | cinc /tsink/ |
| Hundred | cent /sen/ | cent /sent/ | cent /sen/ | cen /θeŋ/ | cient /θjent/ | cien /θjen/ | cent /tsent/ |
| Hello | hola /ɔlə/ | hola /ˈola/ | adieu /adjew/ | ola /ˈɔla/ | hola /ˈola/ | hola /ˈola/ | salut /saˈlyt/ |
| Thank you | gràcies /ɡɾasiəs/ | gràcies /ˈɡɾasies/ | mercés /merses/ | grazas /ˈɡɾaθas/ | gracias /ˈɡɾaθjas/ | gracies /ˈɡɾaθjes/ | merci /mɛrˈsi/ |
| Good | bo /bɔ/ | bo /bɔ/ | bon /bu/ | bo /bɔ/ | bueno /ˈbweno/ | bonu /ˈbonu/ | bon /bõn/ |
| New | nou /nɔw/ | nou /nɔw/ | nòu /nɔw/ | novo /ˈnɔβo/ | nuevo /ˈnweβo/ | nuevu /ˈnweβu/ | novel /noˈvɛl/ |
| Red | vermell /bərˈmeʎ/ | roig /rɔtʃ/ | roge /ˈrudʒe/ | vermello /beɾˈmeʎo/ | royo /ˈrojo/ | bermeyu /beɾˈmeʝu/ | roge /ˈrodʒə/ |
| White | blanc /blaŋ/ | blanc /blaŋk/ | blanc /blaŋ/ | branco /ˈbɾaŋko/ | blanco /ˈblaŋko/ | blancu /ˈblaŋku/ | blanc /blank/ |
| Black | negre /ˈneɣɾə/ | negre /ˈneɣɾe/ | negre /ˈneɣɾe/ | negro /ˈneɣɾo/ | negro /ˈneɡɾo/ | negru /ˈneɣɾu/ | noir /ˈnojr/ |
| Green | verd /bɛrt/ | verd /vɛɾt/ | verd /bet/ | verde /ˈbeɾðe/ | verde /ˈbeɾde/ | verde /ˈbeɾðe/ | vert /vɛrt/ |
| Blue | blau /blaw/ | blau /blaw/ | blau /blaw/ | azul /aˈθul/ | azul /aˈθul/ | azul /aˈθul/ | — |
| Cuckoo | cucut /kuˈkut/ | cucut /kuˈkut/ | cocut /kuˈkyt/ | cuco /ˈkuko/ | cuculo /kuˈkulo/ | cuquiellu /kuˈkjeʎu/ | cucu /kuˈky/ |
| Woof | bub-bub /bup bup/ | bub-bub /ˌbubˈbup/ | — | guau guau /ɡwaw ɡwaw/ | — | — | — |
| Cock-a-doodle-doo | quiquiriquic /kikiriˈkik/ | quiquiriquic /kikiɾiˈkik/ | — | quiquiriquí /kikiɾiˈki/ | — | — | — |
| Computer | ordinador /uɾðinəˈðo/ | ordinador /oɾðinaˈðoɾ/ | ordinator /urdinaˈtu/ | ordenador /oɾðenaˈðoɾ/ | ordinador /oɾðinaˈðoɾ/ | ordenador /oɾðenaˈðoɾ/ | — |
| Wi-Fi | wifi /ˈwifi/ | wifi /ˈwifi/ | — | wifi /ˈwifi/ | — | wifi /ˈwifi/ | — |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | harenc sor /aˈrɛŋk ˈsɔr/ |
| Tea | te /tɛ/ | te /te/ | tè /tɛ/ | té /tɛ/ | te /te/ | té /te/ | — |
| Coffee | cafè /kəˈfɛ/ | café /kaˈfe/ | cafè /kaˈfɛ/ | café /kaˈfɛ/ | café /kaˈfe/ | café /kaˈfe/ | — |
| Sugar | sucre /ˈsukɾə/ | sucre /ˈsukɾe/ | sucre /ˈsykɾe/ | azucre /aˈθukɾe/ | zucre /ˈθukɾe/ | azucre /aˈθukɾe/ | — |
| Orange | taronja /təˈɾɔɲʒə/ | taronja /taˈɾɔɲdʒa/ | irange /iˈɾandʒe/ | laranxa /laˈɾaŋʃa/ | narancha /naˈɾantʃa/ | naranxa /naˈɾaŋʃa/ | — |
| Ninety-nine | noranta-nou /nuˈɾantə ˈnɔw/ | noranta-nou /noˈɾanta ˈnɔw/ | nonanta-nòu /nuˈnantɔ ˈnɔw/ | noventa e nove /noˈβɛnta e ˈnoβe/ | — | noventa y nueve /noˈβenta i ˈnweβe/ | nonante et nuef /noˈnantə e ˈnwɛf/ |
| Dopamine | dopamina /dupəˈminə/ | dopamina /dopaˈmina/ | dopamina /dupaˈminɔ/ | dopamina /dopaˈmina/ | dopamina /dopaˈmina/ | dopamina /dopaˈmina/ | — |
| At sign | arrova /əˈrɔβə/ | arrova /aˈrɔva/ | arròba /aˈrɔβɔ/ | arroba /aˈrɔβɐ/ | arroba /aˈroβa/ | arroba /aˈroβa/ | — |
| Internet laughter | hahaha /hahaha/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
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