Nahuatl
Western Huasteca Nahuatl
Uto-Aztecan
Western Huasteca Nahuatl is the largest of the three main Huasteca Nahuatl varieties (Eastern nhe, Central nch, Western nhw), spoken by ~450,000 people in San Luis Potosí state. The Western Huasteca region around Tamazunchale is one of the most populous indigenous-speaking areas in modern Mexico. Linguistically, Western Huasteca Nahuatl shares the Huasteca Nahuatl typological features and is mutually intelligible with its sister varieties.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Western Huasteca Nahuatl
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Uto-Aztecan
| Meaning | Western Huasteca Nahuatl | Central Huasteca Nahuatl | Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl | Guerrero Nahuatl | Classical Nahuatl | Nawat | Isthmus Nahuatl |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | ātl /aːtɬ/ | at /at/ | a̱ꞌti /aːʔti/ |
| Fire | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlētl /tɬeːtɬ/ | tit /tit/ | tiꞌti /tiʔti/ |
| Sun | tonati /tonati/ | tonati /tonati/ | tonatih /tonatih/ | tonajli /tonahli/ | tōnatiuh /toːnatiw/ | tunal /tunal/ | to̱nati̱ꞌ /toːnatiːʔ/ |
| Moon | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | mētztli /meːtstɬi/ | metzti /meːtsti/ | me̱tzti /meːtsti/ |
| Star | sitlalij /siˈtɬalih/ | sitlalij /siˈtɬalih/ | sitlalij /siˈtɬalih/ | sitlalin /siˈtɬalin/ | cītlālin /siːˈtɬaːlin/ | sital /ˈsital/ | si̱talin /siːtalin/ |
| Night | yohuali /jowali/ | youali /jowali/ | yohuali /jowali/ | yowalli /jowalːi/ | yohualli /joːwalːi/ | tayua /tajuwa/ | yóhual /ˈjowal/ |
| Rain | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | kiyawit /kiˈjawit/ | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | quiyahuitl /kiˈjawitɬ/ | kiawit /kiawit/ | tiahua̱ꞌ /tiawaːʔ/ |
| Snow | sitlal setl /sitɬal setɬ/ | sital set /sital set/ | citlal cetl /sitɬal setɬ/ | nieve /ˈnjebe/ | cepayahuitl /sepaˈjawitɬ/ | — | — |
| Wind | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajakatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | ehecatl /eˈhekatɬ/ | ejekat /eˈhekat/ | ejecaꞌ /ehekaʔ/ |
| Earth | tlali /tɬali/ | tlali /tɬali/ | tlali /tɬali/ | tlajli /tɬahli/ | tlālli /tɬaːlːi/ | tal /ˈtaːl/ | ta̱jli /taːhli/ |
| Stone | tetl /teːtɬ/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | tetl /teːtɬ/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | tet /tet/ | teꞌti /teʔti/ |
| Mountain | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepētl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepet /ˈtepet/ | tepe̱ꞌ /tepeːʔ/ |
| Sea | hueyatl /ˈwejatɬ/ | hueyatl /ˈwejatɬ/ | hueyiatl /weˈjiatɬ/ | mar /mar/ | hueyatl /ˈweːjaːtɬ/ | — | láma̱r /ˈlamaːr/ |
| Mother | nana /nana/ | nana /nana/ | mama /mama/ | nanan /nanan/ | nāntli /naːntɬi/ | nan /nan/ | te̱ye̱ꞌ /teːjeːʔ/ |
| Father | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | tatah /tatah/ | tahtli /tahtɬi/ | tat /tat/ | te̱taj /teːtah/ |
| Daughter | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | nochpoch /ˈnotʃpotʃ/ | ichpōchtli /itʃpoːtʃtɬi/ | nusiwapiltzin /nusiwaˈpiltsin/ | isihua̱piltzi̱n /isiwaːpiltsiːn/ |
| I | na /na/ | na /na/ | na /na/ | nejua /neˈwa/ | nehhuātl /neʔˈwaːtɬ/ | naja /ˈnaha/ | nej /neh/ |
| You | ta /ta/ | ta /ta/ | ta /ta/ | tejua /teˈwa/ | tehhuātl /teʔˈwaːtɬ/ | taja /ˈtaha/ | tej /teh/ |
| We | tohuanti /toˈwanti/ | tohuanti /toˈwanti/ | tohuanti /toˈwanti/ | tejuamej /teˈwameh/ | tehhuāntin /teʔˈwaːntin/ | tejemet /teˈhemet/ | tejame̱n / nejame̱n /tehameːn / nehameːn/ |
| Name | tocaxtli /toˈkaʃtɬi/ | tocaxtli /toˈkaʃtɬi/ | tocaxtli /toˈkaʃtɬi/ | tocaitl /toˈkaitɬ/ | tōcāitl /toːˈkaːitɬ/ | tukay /ˈtukaj/ | to̱ca̱ꞌ /toːkaːʔ/ |
| Person | masehuali /maseˈwali/ | masehuali /maseˈwali/ | tlacatl /ˈtɬakatɬ/ | tlacatl /ˈtɬakatɬ/ | tlācatl /tɬaːkatɬ/ | takat /ˈtakat/ | — |
| Head | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | cuāitl /kʷaːitɬ/ | tzuntekun /tsuntekun/ | tzontecon /tsontekon/ |
| Eye | ixteyol /iʃtejol/ | ixtioli /iʃtioli/ | ixtiyol /iʃtijol/ | ixtololo /iʃtololo/ | īxtli /iːʃtɬi/ | ish /iʃ/ | i̱xti /iːʃti/ |
| Ear | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | nacas /nakas/ | nacaztli /nakastɬi/ | nakas /nakas/ | nacas /nakas/ |
| Nose | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | yakatsoli /jakatsoli/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | yak /jak/ | yacti /jakti/ |
| Mouth | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camatl /kamatɬ/ | ten /ten/ | te̱nti /teːnti/ |
| Tooth | tlankoch /tɬankotʃ/ | tlankoch /tɬankotʃ/ | tlankoch /tɬankotʃ/ | tlan /tɬan/ | tlantli /tɬantɬi/ | tan /tan/ | tanti /tanti/ |
| Tongue | nenepil /nenepil/ | nenepili /nenepili/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | nenepilli /nenepilːi/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | le̱nguaj /leːnɡʷah/ |
| Hand | maitl /maitɬ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | māitl /maːitɬ/ | mey /mei/ | mayiꞌ /majiʔ/ |
| Foot | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | ikshi /ikʃi/ | icxi /ikʃi/ |
| Heart | yolotl /jolotɬ/ | yolotl /jolotɬ/ | yollotl /jolːotɬ/ | yojlotl /johlotɬ/ | yōllōtl /joːlːoːtɬ/ | yulu /julu/ | iya̱lmaj /ijaːlmah/ |
| Bone | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | umit /umit/ | omiꞌ /omiʔ/ |
| Blood | estli /estɬi/ | estli /estɬi/ | estli /estɬi/ | yestli /jestɬi/ | eztli /esˈtɬi/ | esti /esti/ | esti /esti/ |
| Poop | cuitlatl /ˈkʷitɬatɬ/ | cuitlatl /ˈkʷitɬatɬ/ | cuitlatl /ˈkʷitɬatɬ/ | — | cuitlatl /kʷitɬatɬ/ | kwitat /kʷitat/ | cuitaꞌ /kʷitaʔ/ |
| Love | tlasojtla /tɬasohtɬa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlasojtla /tɬasohtɬa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlazōhtla /tɬasoːhtɬa/ | tasujta /tasuhta/ | quinequi /kineki/ |
| Tree | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | kojtli /kohtɬi/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | kwawit /kʷawit/ | cuahuiꞌ /kʷawiʔ/ |
| Dog | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintɬi/ | itzcuīntli /itskʷiːntɬi/ | pelu /peːlu/ | pe̱lo /peːlo/ |
| Cat | mizton /miston/ | misto /misto/ | mizto /misto/ | miston /miston/ | mīztōn /miːstoːn/ | mistun /mistuːŋ/ | misto̱n /mistoːn/ |
| Fish | michi /mitʃi/ | michi /mitʃi/ | michi /mitʃi/ | michin /mitʃin/ | michin /mitʃin/ | michin /mitʃin/ | to̱poj /toːpoh/ |
| Bird | tototl /tototɬ/ | tototl /tototɬ/ | tototl /ˈtototɬ/ | tototl /ˈtototɬ/ | tōtōtl /toːtoːtɬ/ | tutut /tutut/ | to̱to̱ꞌ /toːtoːʔ/ |
| Butterfly | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | pāpālōtl /paːpaːloːtɬ/ | papalut /papalut/ | me̱me̱ /meːmeː/ |
| Egg | tecsistli /teksistɬi/ | tejsistli /tehsistɬi/ | tejquistli /tehkistɬi/ | totoltetl /totolˈtetɬ/ | tōtoltetl /toːtoltetɬ/ | teksisti /teksisti/ | itecsis /iteksis/ |
| Bear | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /ˈoso/ | tlācamāyeh /tɬaːkamaːjeʔ/ | tekwani metzkujkutu /teːˈkʷani metskuhkutu/ | oso /oso/ |
| Horse | cahuayoj /kaˈwajoh/ | kauayoj /kaˈwajoh/ | kawayoh /kaˈwaːjoh/ | caballo /kaˈbajo/ | cahuallo /kaˈwaːlːo/ | cahuayoh /kaˈwajuh/ | cahua̱yoj /kaˈwaːjoh/ |
| House | cali /kali/ | kali /kali/ | cali /kali/ | kajli /kahli/ | calli /kalːi/ | kal /kal/ | cajli /kahli/ |
| Milk | lechi /letʃi/ | lechi /letʃi/ | lechi /letʃi/ | leche /ˈletʃe/ | chīchīhualāyōtl /tʃiːtʃiːwalaːjoːtɬ/ | — | chi̱chihuala̱ꞌ /tʃiːtʃiwalaːʔ/ |
| Honey | nectli /nektɬi/ | necti /nekti/ | nectli /nektɬi/ | necutli /neˈkutɬi/ | neuctli /nekʷtɬi/ | nekti /nekti/ | necti /nekti/ |
| Salt | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | iztatl /istatɬ/ | istat /istat/ | istaꞌ /istaʔ/ |
| Wine | xocomeca atl /ʃokomeka atɬ/ | xocomeca at /ʃokomeka at/ | xocomeca atl /ʃokomeka atɬ/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | — | vino /ˈbino/ |
| Chocolate | chocolatl /tʃokoˈlatɬ/ | chocolatl /tʃokoˈlatɬ/ | chocolatl /tʃokoˈlatɬ/ | chikolatl /tʃikoˈlatɬ/ | — | chukulat /tʃukulat/ | — |
| Iron | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepoztli /tepostɬi/ | tepusti /tepusti/ | tepos /tepos/ |
| Wheel | rueda /rweda/ | rueda /rweda/ | rueda /rweda/ | — | temalacatl /temalakatɬ/ | rweda /rweda/ | — |
| Silk | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | — | — | seda /seda/ |
| Book | libro /ˈlibro/ | amochtli /aˈmotʃtɬi/ | amoxtli /aˈmoʃtɬi/ | libro /ˈlibro/ | āmoxtli /aːˈmoʃtɬi/ | amat /amat/ | a̱maꞌ /aːmaʔ/ |
| Eat | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlakua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | takwa /takwa/ | tacua /takʷa/ |
| Drink | atli /atɬi/ | atli /atɬi/ | atli /atɬi/ | koni /koni/ | ātli /aːtɬi/ | ati /ati/ | a̱ti /aːti/ |
| Sleep | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /kotʃi/ | kuchi /ˈkutʃi/ | cochi /kotʃi/ |
| One | ce /se/ | ce /se/ | ce /se/ | ce /se/ | cē /seː/ | se /se/ | se̱ /seː/ |
| Two | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ōme /ˈoːme/ | ume /ˈume/ | o̱me /oːme/ |
| Three | eyi /ejiː/ | eyi /ejiː/ | eyi /ejiː/ | yeyi /jeji/ | yei /jeːi/ | yey /jej/ | e̱yi /eːji/ |
| Four | nahui /nawi/ | nahui /naːwi/ | nahui /naːwi/ | nahui /nawi/ | nāhui /naːwi/ | nawi /naːwi/ | na̱hui /naːwi/ |
| Five | macuili /maˈkʷili/ | makuili /maˈkʷili/ | macuili /maˈkʷili/ | makuijli /makʷihli/ | mācuīlli /maːˈkʷiːlːi/ | makwil /maˈkʷil/ | cinco /sinko/ |
| Hundred | cien /sjen/ | cien /sjen/ | cien /sjen/ | ciento /ˈsjento/ | mācuīlpōhualli /maːkʷiːlpoːˈwalːi/ | tzunti /tsunti/ | cien /sjen/ |
| Hello | niltze /niltse/ | niltze /niltse/ | nimitzpaca /nimitspaka/ | panolti /panolti/ | niltze /niltse/ | ne pakua /ne pakwa/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | tlascamati /tɬaskamati/ | tlaskamati /tɬaskamati/ | tlascamati /tɬaskamati/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | tlazōhcāmati /tɬasoːhkaːmati/ | padiush /padjuʃ/ | gracias /ɡrasjas/ |
| Good | cuali /kʷali/ | kuali /kʷali/ | cuali /kʷali/ | kuajli /kʷahli/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | yek /jeːk/ | ye̱cti /jeːkti/ |
| New | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | yencuic /ˈjenkʷik/ | yancuic /jankʷik/ | yankwik /jaŋkʷik/ | yancuiꞌ /jankʷiʔ/ |
| Red | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltic /tʃitʃiltik/ | chiltik /tʃiltik/ | chi̱ltiꞌ /tʃiːltiʔ/ |
| White | chipahuac /tʃipawak/ | istak /istak/ | chipahuac /tʃipawak/ | istak /istak/ | iztāc /istaːk/ | istak /istak/ | ista̱ꞌ /istaːʔ/ |
| Black | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | capotztic /kaˈpotstik/ | tlīltic /tɬiːltik/ | tiltik /tiltik/ | pi̱stiꞌ /piːstiʔ/ |
| Green | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ | xoxojki /ʃoˈʃohki/ | xoxoctic /ʃoʃoktik/ | shushuwik /ʃuʃuwik/ | xoxoctiꞌ /ʃoʃoktiʔ/ |
| Blue | azultic /aˈsultik/ | azultic /aˈsultik/ | azultic /aˈsultik/ | azul /aˈsul/ | — | — | aso̱ltiꞌ /asoːltiʔ/ |
| Orange | lalax /ˈlalaːʃ/ | lalax /ˈlalaːʃ/ | alaxox /ˈalaʃoːʃ/ | naranja /naˈranxa/ | — | — | — |
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