ཁམས་སྐད

Khams Tibetan

Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Bodish)

FamilySino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Bodish) Speakers~1.5M ScriptTibetan CountriesChina Official inNo (Standard Tibetan is the official literary language; Khams is regional) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3khg

Khams Tibetan is one of the three major Tibetic dialect groups (with Central/Ü-Tsang bo and Amdo). Spoken across eastern Tibet (Kham region), western Sichuan (Garzê and northern Liangshan), northwestern Yunnan (Diqing), and southeastern Qinghai (Yushu) — a vast highland region where the Khampa people developed a distinctive horse-riding culture and historical autonomy. Phonologically more conservative than Central Tibetan in retaining initial consonant clusters lost in Lhasa speech, but innovative in tone development. Shares the literary Tibetan script with the standard but differs substantially in pronunciation, requiring trained translators between dialects in oral contexts.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Khams Tibetan

Water

ཆུ

tɕʰu

Fire

མེ

ɲe˥˧

Sun

ཉི་མ

ɲima

Moon

ཟླ་བ

dawa

Star

སྐར་མ

ka˥˥ma˥˧

Night

མཚན་མོ

tsʰɛ̃˥˧mo

Rain

ཆར་པ

tɕʰãpa

Snow

ཁ་བ

kʰawa

Wind

རླུང

luŋ˥

Earth

ས

sʰa˥˧

Stone

རྡོ

do

Mountain

རི

ri

Sea

རྒྱ་མཚོ

dʑatsʰo

Mother

ཨ་མ

ama

Father

ཨ་ཕ

apʰa

Daughter

བུ་མོ

po˩˧mo˥˧

I

ང

ŋà

You

ཁྱོད

cʰø˥

We

ང་ཚོ

ŋatsʰo

Name

མིང

ɲin˥˥

Person

མི

ɲi˥˧

Head

མགོ

ŋɡo˧˩

Eye

མིག

ɲiʔ˥˧

Ear

རྣ་བ

na wa

Nose

སྣ

n̥a˥˧

Mouth

ཁ

kʰa

Tooth

སོ

su˥˧

Tongue

ལྕེ

tɕe˥˧

Hand

ལག་པ

la˩˧pa˥˧

Foot

རྐང་པ

kuŋ˥˥ba˥˧

Heart

སྙིང་

ɲin˥˥

Bone

རུས་པ

rəpa

Blood

ཁྲག

tʂʰaʔ˥˧

Love

དགའ་པོ

ɡapo

Tree

ཤིང་

ɕiŋ

Dog

ཁྱི

tɕʰi˥˧

Cat

ཞི་མི

ʑimi

Fish

ཉ

ɲa

Bird

བྱ

tɕa

Butterfly

ཕྱེ་མ་ལེབ

tɕʰemalep

Egg

སྒོ་ང

ɡo˩˧ŋa˥˧

Bear

དོམ

toŋ˩˧

Horse

རྟ

ta

House

ཁང་པ

kʰuŋ˥˥ba˥˧

Milk

འོ་མ

o˩˧ma˥˧

Honey

སྦྲང་རྩི

dʐaŋtsi

Salt

ཚྭ

tsʰa

Rice

འབྲས

dʐe

Iron

ལྕགས

tɕaʔ˥˧

Wheel

འཁོར་ལོ

kʰorlo

Silk

དར

tar

Book

དེབ

tep

Eat

ཟ

sa˩˧

Drink

འཐུང་

tʰuŋ

Sleep

ཉལ

ɲe˩˧

One

གཅིག

tɕi˥˧

Two

གཉིས

ȵiː

Three

གསུམ

sõ˥˧

Four

བཞི

ʑe

Five

ལྔ

ŋa

Hundred

བརྒྱ

dʑa˥˧

Hello

ཨ་རོ

aro

Thank you

ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེ

tʰukdʑe tɕʰe

Good

ཡག་པོ

jakpo

New

གསར་པ

sa˥˥ba˥˧

Red

དམར་པོ

ma˥˥bo˥˧

White

དཀར་པོ

kar po

Black

ནག་པོ

nakpo

Green

ལྗང་ཁུ

ndʑuŋ˩˧kʰu˥˧

Blue

སྔོན་པོ

ŋ̊enbo

Tea

ཇ

tɕa

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Bodish)

Meaning Khams TibetanTibetanLiturgical Classical TibetanDzongkhaSikkimeseSherpaBalti
Water ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu˥/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/ ཆུ /tɕʰu/
Fire མེ /ɲe˥˧/ མེ /me˩˧/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/ མེ /me/
Sun ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲimə/ ཉིམ /ɲim/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/ ཉི་མ /ɲima/
Moon ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /tawa˩˧/ ཟླ་བ /tawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/ ཟླ་བ /dawa/
Star སྐར་མ /ka˥˥ma˥˧/ སྐར་མ /karma˥/ སྐར་མ /kaːma/ སྐརམ /kaːm/ སྐར་མ་ /kaːma/ སྐར་མ /karma/ སྐར་མ /skarma/
Night མཚན་མོ /tsʰɛ̃˥˧mo/ མཚན་མོ /tsʰɛ̃˥mo˥/ མཚན་མོ /tsʰɛ̃mo/ མཚན་མོ /tsʰanmo/ ཕྱི་རུ /pʰiru/ ནུབ /nup/ མཚན /tsʰan/
Rain ཆར་པ /tɕʰãpa/ ཆར་པ /tɕʰaː˥pa˥/ ཆར་པ /tɕʰaːpa/ ཆརཔ /tɕʰarp/ ཆར་པོ /tɕʰaːp/ ཆར་པ /tɕʰarwa/ ཆར་པ /tʃʰarpa/
Snow ཁ་བ /kʰawa/ ཁ་བ /kʰawa˥/ ཁ་བ /kʰawa/ ཁ་བ /kʰawa/ ཁ་བོ /kʰau/ ཁ་བ /kʰawa/ ཁ་བ /kʰawa/
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