Lahu hkâw

Lahu

Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Loloish)

FamilySino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Loloish) Speakers~750K ScriptLatin (with tone diacritics) CountriesChina (Yunnan), Myanmar, Thailand, Laos Official inNo (recognized minority China, Myanmar) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3lhu

Lahu (Ladhof) is a Loloish (Yi-branch) Tibeto-Burman language spoken across the highlands of southwestern China (Yunnan), eastern Myanmar (Shan State), northern Thailand (Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai), Laos, and Vietnam, with ~750K speakers. It is divided into Lahu Na (Black Lahu) and Lahu Shi (Yellow Lahu). The Latin orthography developed by missionaries in the early 20th century has 7 distinct tones marked by superscript symbols (ˆ ˇ ˉ etc. plus underscore) — a sophisticated tone-marking system. Lahu has SOV word order and clause-final tense-aspect-mood particles.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Lahu

Water

ɨˆ

ɯ̂

Fire

a-mí

amí

Sun

mvuhˇ-nyiˉ

muʔ ɲí

Moon

ha-pa

hapa

Star

mvuh-keu

mɯ̀ kɯ̂

Night

takhɨ

takʰɯ

Rain

mû-yè

mûjè

Wind

mû-hɔ

mûhɔ

Earth

mi

mì

Stone

há

há

Mountain

qhɔ

qʰɔ

Sea

lâ-chɨ̂-g̈ɨ̂

lâtsʰɯ̂ɣɯ̂

Mother

e

e

Father

a-pa

apa

Daughter

a-ya-mi

ɔ˧˩ʑa˥˧mi˥˧

I

ngà

ŋà

You

nɔ̀

nɔ̀

We

ngà hɨ

ŋà hɨ

Name

a-meh

à mɛ

Person

chɔ

tsʰɔ

Head

ó-qō

óqȍ

Eye

mɛhˇ

mɛ̂ʔ

Ear

nā-pɔ

nȁpɔ

Nose

nā-qhɔ̂

nȁqʰɔ̂

Mouth

mɔ̀ʼ-qɔ

mɔ̀ʔqɔ

Tooth

ci

tsi

Tongue

hate

xate

Hand

lɔˆ

lɔ̂

Foot

khɨ-šɛ

kʰɯʃɛ

Heart

nyiˉ-ma

ɲíma

Bone

mu-ku

muku

Blood

šî

ʃi

Poop

qhɛ̂

qʰɛ̂

Love

haˆ

hâ

Tree

shi-pa

ʃìpa

Dog

phuˇ-pheh

pʰùpʰɛʔ

Cat

maˇ-niˆ

mâníʔ

Fish

ngâ

ŋâ

Bird

ngâʼ

ŋâʔ

Butterfly

pù-lú-qā

pùlúqȁ

Egg

ɔ̀-u

ɔ̀u

Horse

í-mû

ímû

House

yaˇ

jâʔ

Milk

cú-g̈ɨ̀

tsúɣɯ̀

Honey

pehˇ gʼuiˬ

pɛʔɣɯ

Salt

á-lɛ̀

álɛ̀

Rice

cà-qha

tsàqʰa

Iron

so

so

Wheel

gaˉ yaw

ɡa jɔ

Silk

pu-pha

pupʰa

Book

lìʼ

lìʔ

Eat

caˆ

tsâ

Drink

dawˇ

dɔ̀

Sleep

yɨ̀ʼ

jɯ̀ʔ

One

tê

tê

Two

nyî

ɲî

Three

šeʼ

ʃɛ

Four

ɔˆ

ɔ̂

Five

ngâ

ŋâ

Hundred

ha

ha

Hello

ô-bo-haˇ

óbohâʔ

Thank you

a-bo-shaˇ

abôʃâʔ

Good

daˇ

dâʔ

New

šɨ́

ʃɯ́

Red

nî

nî

White

hpu

pʰu

Black

nâʼ

nâʔ

Green

nɔ́

nɔ́

Blue

nɔ́

nɔ́

Cuckoo

qú-pu

qú pu

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Loloish)

Meaning LahuRakhineBurmeseLisuAkhaOld BurmeseMru
Water ɨˆ /ɯ̂/ ရေ /ɹì/ ရေ /jè/ yi /ji/ i cuq /i˥tɕṵ˨˩/ ရိ /riy/ o /ɔ/
Fire a-mí /amí/ မီး /mí/ မီး /mí/ a-to /ɑ˥˥to˥˥/ mi dza /mi˨˩dza˨˩/ မိး /miːʔ/ mai /mɑɪ/
Sun mvuhˇ-nyiˉ /muʔ ɲí/ နေ /nì/ နေ /nè/ mei-lo /mejlo/ nah ma /nɔ˥ma˧/ နိ /niy/ thum /tʰum/
Moon ha-pa /hapa/ လ /la/ လ /la̰/ ha-ba /haba/ ba la /ba˧la˧/ လ /la/ la /lə/
Star mvuh-keu /mɯ̀ kɯ̂/ ကြယ် /krɛ̀/ ကြယ် /tɕɛ̀/ akw /a˧˧ kwɿ˧˧/ aqgeu /a˨˩ɡɯ˥/ ကြယ် /kraj/ kɯr /kɯr/
Night takhɨ /takʰɯ/ ည /ɲa̰/ ည /ɲa̰/ sakhua /sa˦˦kʰua˧˧/ uchi /u˧tɕi˧/ ည /ɲaɲʔ/ yak /jak/
Rain mû-yè /mûjè/ မိုး /mo/ မိုး /mó/ muha /mɯ˧˩hɑ˧˧/ u yeh /u˨˩jɛ˥/ — —
Wind mû-hɔ /mûhɔ/ လေ /lì/ လေ /lè/ mihi /mi˧˩hi˧˧/ ja leh /dʑa˨˩lɛ˥/ — —
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