Tabarchin
Tabarchino
Indo-European (Romance, Italo-Western, Gallo-Italic, Ligurian, Tabarchino)
Tabarchino is a Genoese Ligurian variety carried by 16th-century coral fishers from Pegli to the Tunisian island of Tabarka (1542), then resettled on Sardinia's Isola di San Pietro in 1738. It preserves Early Modern Genoese features lost on the mainland and shows a distinctive palatal [ɲ] in lugna "moon". One of Europe's clearest cases of a maritime language transplant.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Tabarchino
Sources
- Toso, Fiorenzo (2003) Il tabarchino. Strutture, evoluzione storica, aspetti sociolinguistici. In: Le minoranze linguistiche storiche, Roma.
- Toso, Fiorenzo (2004) Vocabolario tabarchino–italiano. Recco: Le Mani.
- Vallebona, Giuseppe (1975) Dizionario Tabarchino-Italiano. Genova: Compagnia dei Librai.
- Glottolog: Tabarchino
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Indo-European (Romance, Italo-Western, Gallo-Italic, Ligurian, Tabarchino)
| Meaning | Tabarchino | Ligurian | Venetian | Piedmontese | Lombard | Corsican | Italian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ègua /ˈeːɡwa/ | ægoa /ˈɛːɡwa/ | aqua /ˈakwa/ | eva /ˈɛva/ | aqua /ˈaːkwa/ | acqua /ˈakwa/ | acqua /ˈakkwa/ |
| Fire | fögu /ˈføːɡu/ | fêugo /ˈføːɡu/ | fogo /ˈfoɡo/ | feu /føː/ | fœg /føːk/ | focu /ˈfɔku/ | fuoco /ˈfwɔːko/ |
| Sun | su /su/ | sô /suː/ | sol /sol/ | sol /sul/ | sô /soː/ | sole /ˈsɔle/ | sole /ˈsoːle/ |
| Moon | lugna /ˈlyɲa/ | lùn-a /ˈlyŋa/ | łuna /ˈuna/ | lun-a /ˈlyŋa/ | lüna /ˈlyna/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluːna/ |
| Star | stella /ˈstɛlːa/ | stélla /ˈstella/ | stela /ˈstela/ | stèila /ˈstɛjla/ | stella /ˈstɛla/ | stella /ˈstella/ | stella /ˈstɛlla/ |
| Night | neutte /ˈnøte/ | néutte /ˈnøtte/ | note /ˈnɔte/ | neuit /nøjt/ | nocc /nɔtʃ/ | notte /ˈnɔtːe/ | notte /ˈnɔtte/ |
| Snow | neive /ˈnejve/ | néie /ˈnejje/ | neve /neve/ | fiòca /ˈfjɔka/ | nev /nɛf/ | neve /ˈneve/ | neve /neːve/ |
| Wind | vento /ˈveŋtu/ | vénto /ˈventu/ | vento /ˈvento/ | vent /vɛnt/ | vent /vɛnt/ | ventu /ˈventu/ | vento /ˈvento/ |
| Earth | tæra /ˈtɛːra/ | tæra /ˈtɛːra/ | tera /ˈtɛra/ | tèra /ˈtɛra/ | tera /ˈteːra/ | terra /ˈtɛrra/ | terra /ˈtɛrra/ |
| Stone | prîa /ˈpriːa/ | prîa /ˈpriːa/ | piera /ˈpjɛra/ | pera /ˈpera/ | sass /sas/ | petra /ˈpɛtra/ | pietra /ˈpjɛːtra/ |
| Mother | maire /ˈmajre/ | moæ /mwɛː/ | mare /ˈmare/ | mare /ˈmare/ | mader /ˈmaːder/ | mamma /ˈmamma/ | madre /ˈmaːdre/ |
| Father | paire /ˈpajre/ | poæ /pwɛː/ | pare /pare/ | pare /ˈpare/ | pader /ˈpaːder/ | babbu /ˈbabːu/ | padre /ˈpaːdre/ |
| Daughter | fìggia /ˈfidːʒa/ | fìggia /ˈfiddʒa/ | fioła /ˈfjɔe̯a/ | fija /ˈfija/ | fiœula /ˈfjøːla/ | figliola /fiʎˈʎola/ | figlia /ˈfiʎʎa/ |
| I | mi /mi/ | mi /mi/ | mi /mi/ | mi /mi/ | mì /mi/ | eiu /ˈɛju/ | io /ˈio/ |
| You | ti /ti/ | ti /ti/ | ti /ti/ | ti /ti/ | tì /ti/ | tù /tu/ | tu /tu/ |
| We | nuiâtri /nuˈjaːtri/ | niâtri /ˈnjaːtri/ | noaltri /noˈaltri/ | noi /nuj/ | nun /nyn/ | noi /ˈnoi/ | noi /noi/ |
| Name | nomme /ˈnɔmːe/ | nomme /ˈnume/ | nome /ˈnome/ | nòm /nɔm/ | nòmm /nɔm/ | nome /ˈnome/ | nome /ˈnome/ |
| Head | tésta /ˈtesta/ | tésta /ˈtesta/ | tèsta /ˈtɛsta/ | testa /ˈtɛsta/ | coo /kuː/ | capu /ˈkapu/ | testa /ˈtɛsta/ |
| Eye | öggiu /ˈødʒu/ | éuggio /ˈøddʒu/ | ocio /ɔtʃo/ | euj /øj/ | öcc /øtʃ/ | ochju /ˈɔcu/ | occhio /ˈɔkkjo/ |
| Ear | oegia /ˈweːdʒa/ | oêgia /ˈweːdʒa/ | récia /ˈretʃa/ | orija /uˈrija/ | oreggia /oˈredʒa/ | arechja /aˈrɛca/ | orecchio /oˈrekkjo/ |
| Nose | naso /ˈnazu/ | naso /ˈnaːzu/ | naxo /ˈnazo/ | nas /nas/ | nas /nas/ | nasu /ˈnazu/ | naso /ˈnaːzo/ |
| Mouth | bócca /ˈbukːa/ | bócca /ˈbuka/ | boca /ˈboka/ | boca /ˈbuka/ | boca /ˈbuka/ | bocca /ˈbɔkka/ | bocca /ˈbokka/ |
| Tooth | dente /ˈdente/ | dénte /ˈdeŋte/ | dente /ˈdente/ | dent /dɛŋt/ | dent /dent/ | dente /ˈdɛnte/ | dente /ˈdɛnte/ |
| Tongue | lengua /ˈleŋɡwa/ | lengua /ˈleŋɡwa/ | léngua /ˈleŋɡwa/ | lenga /ˈlɛŋɡa/ | lengua /ˈleŋɡwa/ | lingua /ˈliŋɡwa/ | lingua /ˈliŋɡwa/ |
| Hand | mòn /mɔŋ/ | man /maŋ/ | man /man/ | man /maŋ/ | man /maŋ/ | manu /ˈmanu/ | mano /ˈmaːno/ |
| Foot | pé /peː/ | pê /peː/ | pìe /ˈpie/ | pé /pe/ | pè /pɛ/ | pede /ˈpɛde/ | piede /ˈpjɛde/ |
| Heart | cö /kø/ | chêu /køː/ | cor /kɔr/ | cheur /kør/ | cör /kør/ | core /ˈkɔre/ | cuore /ˈkwɔːre/ |
| Bone | òsso /ˈɔsu/ | òsso /ˈɔsu/ | oso /ˈɔso/ | òss /ɔs/ | oss /ɔs/ | ossu /ˈɔssu/ | osso /ˈɔsso/ |
| Blood | sangue /ˈsaŋɡwe/ | sàngoe /ˈsaŋɡwe/ | sangue /ˈsaŋɡwe/ | sangh /saŋ/ | sangu /ˈsaŋɡu/ | sangue /ˈsaŋɡwe/ | sangue /ˈsaŋɡwe/ |
| Love | amù /aˈmu/ | amô /amuː/ | amor /amor/ | amor /aˈmur/ | amor /aˈmuːr/ | amore /aˈmɔre/ | amore /aˈmoːre/ |
| Tree | âbu /ˈaːbu/ | èrbo /ˈɛrbu/ | àlbaro /ˈalbaro/ | àrbol /ˈarbul/ | alber /ˈɑːrbɛr/ | arburu /ˈarburu/ | albero /ˈalbero/ |
| Dog | can /kaŋ/ | can /kaŋ/ | can /kaŋ/ | can /kaŋ/ | can /kan/ | cane /ˈkane/ | cane /ˈkaːne/ |
| Cat | gatu /ˈɡatu/ | gàtto /ˈɡattu/ | gato /ˈɡato/ | gat /ɡat/ | gat /ɡat/ | ghjattu /ˈɟattu/ | gatto /ˈɡatto/ |
| Fish | pésciu /ˈpeʃu/ | péscio /ˈpeʃʃu/ | pesse /ˈpese/ | pess /pes/ | pess /pes/ | pesciu /ˈpeʃu/ | pesce /ˈpeʃʃe/ |
| House | cà /ka/ | câza /ˈkaːza/ | caxa /ˈkaza/ | ca /ka/ | cà /kaː/ | casa /ˈkaza/ | casa /ˈkaːsa/ |
| Salt | sâ /saː/ | sâ /saː/ | sal /sal/ | sal /sal/ | sal /sal/ | sale /ˈsale/ | sale /ˈsale/ |
| Wine | vin /viŋ/ | vin /viŋ/ | vin /viŋ/ | vin /viŋ/ | vin /viŋ/ | vinu /ˈvinu/ | vino /ˈvino/ |
| Iron | færo /ˈfɛru/ | færo /ˈfɛːru/ | fero /ˈfɛro/ | fer /fɛr/ | fèr /fɛr/ | ferru /ˈfɛrru/ | ferro /ˈfɛrro/ |
| Wheel | röa /ˈrøa/ | reua /ˈrøːa/ | roda /ˈrɔda/ | roa /ˈrua/ | roeuda /ˈrøːda/ | rota /ˈrɔta/ | ruota /ˈrwɔta/ |
| Eat | mangiò /manˈdʒo/ | mangiâ /maŋˈdʒaː/ | magnàr /maˈɲar/ | mangé /maɲˈdʒe/ | mangià /maɲˈdʒaː/ | manghjà /manˈɟa/ | mangiare /manˈdʒaːre/ |
| Drink | bàive /ˈbajve/ | béive /ˈbejve/ | bévar /ˈbevar/ | bèive /ˈbɛive/ | bev /bev/ | beie /ˈbeje/ | bere /ˈbeːre/ |
| Sleep | dormî /durˈmiː/ | dormî /durˈmiː/ | dormir /dorˈmir/ | durmì /dyrˈmi/ | dormì /durˈmi/ | durmì /durˈmi/ | dormire /dorˈmiːre/ |
| One | un /uŋ/ | un /yŋ/ | un /un/ | un /yŋ/ | vün /vyŋ/ | unu /ˈunu/ | uno /ˈuːno/ |
| Two | dui /ˈdui/ | doî /dwiː/ | do /do/ | doi /dui/ | duu /dy/ | dui /ˈdui/ | due /ˈdue/ |
| Three | tréi /trej/ | tréi /trej/ | tre /tre/ | tre /trɛ/ | trii /triː/ | trè /trɛ/ | tre /tre/ |
| Four | quattro /ˈkwatru/ | quàttro /ˈkwattru/ | quatro /ˈkwatro/ | quatr /kwatr/ | quater /ˈkwater/ | quattru /ˈkwatːru/ | quattro /ˈkwattro/ |
| Five | çìnque /ˈsiŋkwe/ | çìnque /ˈsinkwe/ | sìnque /ˈsiŋkwe/ | sinch /siŋk/ | cinch /tʃiŋk/ | cinque /ˈtʃiŋkwe/ | cinque /ˈtʃiŋkwe/ |
| Hello | ciau /tʃaw/ | ciâo /tʃaː/ | ciao /tʃao/ | ciao /tʃao/ | ciao /ˈtʃaːo/ | salute /saˈlute/ | ciao /ˈtʃaːo/ |
| Thank you | graçie /ˈɡrasje/ | graçie /ˈɡrasje/ | grassie /ɡrasje/ | gràssie /ˈɡrasie/ | gràzie /ˈɡrasje/ | grazie /ˈɡratsje/ | grazie /ˈɡrattsje/ |
| Good | bon /buŋ/ | bon /buŋ/ | bon /bon/ | bon /buŋ/ | bun /buŋ/ | bonu /ˈbɔnu/ | buono /ˈbwɔːno/ |
| New | neûvu /ˈnøvu/ | nêuvo /ˈnøːvu/ | novo /ˈnovo/ | neuv /nøw/ | nœuv /nøf/ | novu /ˈnɔvu/ | nuovo /ˈnwɔːvo/ |
| Red | rossu /ˈrusu/ | rósso /ˈrussu/ | róso /ˈroso/ | ross /rus/ | ross /rɔs/ | rossu /ˈrossu/ | rosso /ˈrosso/ |
| White | gianco /ˈdʒaŋku/ | gianco /ˈdʒaŋku/ | bianco /ˈbjaŋko/ | bianch /bjaŋk/ | bianch /bjaŋk/ | biancu /ˈbjaŋku/ | bianco /ˈbjaŋko/ |
| Green | verde /ˈverde/ | vèrde /ˈvɛrde/ | verde /ˈverde/ | verd /vɛrt/ | verd /vert/ | verde /ˈverde/ | verde /ˈverde/ |
| Computer | computer /komˈpjuter/ | computer /komˈpjuter/ | computer /komˈpjuter/ | computer /komˈpjuter/ | computer /komˈpjuter/ | urdinatore /urdinaˈtore/ | computer /komˈpjuter/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃʃi/ |
| Orange | naranza /naˈraŋza/ | çetrón /seˈtruŋ/ | naranza /naˈraŋsa/ | aransa /aˈraŋsa/ | naranz /naˈrans/ | aranciu /aˈrantʃu/ | arancia /aˈrantʃa/ |
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