Ma'anyan
Austronesian (East Barito)
Ma'anyan is an East Barito language of the Austronesian family, spoken by around 150,000 Ma'anyan Dayak people in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia — chiefly in East Barito Regency (Barito Timur) around Tamiang Layang, with communities in neighbouring South Kalimantan. It is celebrated as the closest documented living relative of Malagasy, the language of Madagascar: linguistic and genetic evidence identifies the East Barito region as the homeland of the Austronesian seafarers who crossed the Indian Ocean to settle Madagascar around 350–550 CE, one of the longest migrations of human prehistory. The kinship shows plainly in core vocabulary — the numerals isa', rueh, telo, epat, dime mirror Malagasy iray/roa/telo/efatra/dimy. Written in the Latin script, Ma'anyan is today an oral home language whose speakers are usually also fluent in Banjar Malay and Indonesian.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Ma'anyan
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Austronesian (East Barito)
| Meaning | Ma'anyan | Ngaju | Old Malay | Banjar | Sasak | Kadazan-Dusun | Minangkabau |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ranuʔ /ranuʔ/ | danum /danum/ | air /air/ | banyu /baɲu/ | aiq /aiʔ/ | waig /waiɡ/ | aia /aia/ |
| Fire | apuy /apuj/ | apui /apui/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | tapui /tapui/ | api /api/ |
| Sun | mate andrau /mate andrau/ | matanandau /matanandau/ | matari /matari/ | matahari /matahari/ | jelo /dʒəlo/ | todau /todau/ | matoari /matoaɾi/ |
| Moon | wulan /wulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | vulan /vulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Star | wawahiaŋ /wawahiaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | rombituon /rombituon/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Night | kamalem /kamalem/ | hamalem /hamaləm/ | malam /malam/ | malam /malam/ | malem /maləm/ | sodop /sodop/ | malam /malam/ |
| Rain | uran /uran/ | ujan /udʒan/ | — | hujan /ˈhudʒan/ | ujan /uˈdʒan/ | rasam /rasam/ | ujan /ˈudʒan/ |
| Wind | riwut /riwut/ | riwut /riwut/ | — | angin /aŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | ribut /ribut/ | angin /aŋin/ |
| Earth | taneʔ /taneʔ/ | petak /petak/ | — | tanah /tanah/ | tanaq /tanaʔ/ | tana /tana/ | tanah /tanah/ |
| Stone | watu /watu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ |
| Mountain | gunuŋ /ɡunuŋ/ | bukit /bukit/ | — | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | nuluhon /nuluhon/ | gunuang /ɡunuaŋ/ |
| Sea | tahik /tahik/ | tasik /tasik/ | — | laut /laut/ | segare /səɡarə/ | rahat /rahat/ | lauik /lauiʔ/ |
| Mother | ineh /ineh/ | indu /indu/ | ibu /ibu/ | uma /uma/ | inaq /inaʔ/ | tina /tina/ | amak /amaʔ/ |
| Father | amah /amah/ | bapa /bapa/ | bapa /bapa/ | abah /abah/ | amaq /amaʔ/ | tama /tama/ | abak /abaʔ/ |
| I | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | yoku /joku/ | ambo /ambo/ |
| You | hañuʔ /haɲuʔ/ | ikau /ikau/ | kamu /kamu/ | ikam /ikam/ | side /sidə/ | ika /ika/ | ang /aŋ/ |
| We | takam /takam/ | itah / ikei /itah / ikei/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | ite / kami /itə / kami/ | tokou / yahai /tokou / jahai/ | kito / kami /kito / kami/ |
| Name | ŋaran /ŋaran/ | aran /aran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | aran /aran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | namo /namo/ |
| Person | ulun /ulun/ | uluh /uluh/ | — | urang /uraŋ/ | dengan /dəŋan/ | tulun /tulun/ | urang /uraŋ/ |
| Head | uluʔ /uluʔ/ | takuluk /takuluk/ | — | kapala /kapala/ | otak /otak/ | tulu /tulu/ | kapalo /kapalo/ |
| Eye | mate /mate/ | mate /mate/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mate /matə/ | mato /mato/ | mato /mato/ |
| Ear | siluʔ /siluʔ/ | pinding /pindiŋ/ | — | talinga /taˈliŋa/ | kentok /kəntok/ | tolingo /toliŋo/ | talingo /taliŋo/ |
| Nose | uruŋ /uruŋ/ | urung /uruŋ/ | — | hidung /hiduŋ/ | irung /iruŋ/ | todung /toduŋ/ | iduang /iduaŋ/ |
| Mouth | wawaʔ /wawaʔ/ | nyama /ɲama/ | — | muntung /muntuŋ/ | biwih /biwih/ | kabang /kabaŋ/ | muluik /muluiʔ/ |
| Tooth | dipen /dipen/ | kasinga /kasiŋa/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | nipon /nipon/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ |
| Tongue | lelaʔ /lelaʔ/ | jela /dʒelaʔ/ | lidah /lidah/ | ilat /ilat/ | elaq /əlaʔ/ | dilaʼ /dilaʔ/ | lidah /lidah/ |
| Hand | taŋan /taŋan/ | lengen /ləŋən/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | ime /imə/ | longon /ˈloŋon/ | tangan /taŋan/ |
| Foot | peʔe /peʔe/ | pai /pai/ | — | batis /batis/ | naé /nae/ | gakod /ɡakod/ | kaki /kaki/ |
| Heart | atei /atei/ | atei /atei/ | hati /hati/ | ati /ati/ | ate /ate/ | ginawo /ɡinawo/ | ati /ati/ |
| Bone | taʔulaŋ /taʔulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tolang /tolaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ |
| Blood | iraʔ /iraʔ/ | daha /dahaʔ/ | darah /darah/ | darah /darah/ | daraq /daraʔ/ | rahaʼ /rahaʔ/ | darah /darah/ |
| Poop | edeh /edeh/ | tai /tai/ | — | tahi /tahi/ | tai /tai/ | taiiʼ /taiːʔ/ | cirik /tʃiɾiʔ/ |
| Love | sinta /sinta/ | sinta /sinta/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | tresne /trəsnə/ | gimbai /ɡimbai/ | cinto /tʃinto/ |
| Tree | kakaw /kakaw/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | batang /bataŋ/ | lolon kayu /lolon kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ |
| Dog | antahuʔ /antahuʔ/ | asu /asu/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | hadupan /hadupan/ | acong /aˈtʃoŋ/ | tasu /tasu/ | anjiang /aɲdʒiaŋ/ |
| Cat | using /usiŋ/ | posa /posa/ | — /—/ | pusa /pusa/ | meong /meoŋ/ | tingau /tiŋau/ | kuciang /kutʃiaŋ/ |
| Fish | kenah /kenah/ | lauk /ˈlauk/ | ikan /ikan/ | iwak /ˈiwak/ | empaq /əmpaʔ/ | sadaʼ /ˈsadaʔ/ | ikan /ˈikan/ |
| Bird | wuruŋ /wuruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | kedit /kədit/ | tombolog /tomboloɡ/ | buruang /buruaŋ/ |
| Butterfly | laluŋ /laluŋ/ | kakupu /kakupuʔ/ | — | kupu-kupu /kupukupu/ | — | kuhibambang /kuhibambaŋ/ | ramo-ramo /ramo ramo/ |
| Egg | ateluy /ateluj/ | tanteluh /tantəluh/ | — | hintalu /hintalu/ | teloq /təloʔ/ | tontolu /tontoluʔ/ | talua /talua/ |
| Bear | wayuaŋ /wajuaŋ/ | bahuang /bahuaŋ/ | — | biruang /biruaŋ/ | beruang /bəruaŋ/ | bohuang /bohuaŋ/ | baribeh /baribeh/ |
| House | lewuʔ /lewuʔ/ | huma /huma/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | bale /bale/ | walai /walai/ | rumah /ɾumah/ |
| Honey | rio wani /rio wani/ | madu /madu/ | — | madu /madu/ | madu /madu/ | pahaʼ /pahaʔ/ | madu /madu/ |
| Salt | raŋi /raŋi/ | uyah /ujah/ | garam /ɡaram/ | uyah /ujah/ | sie /siə/ | tusi /tusi/ | garam /ɡaram/ |
| Wine | aŋgur /aŋɡur/ | anggor /aŋɡor/ | — | anggur /aŋɡur/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ | waig dot anggur /waiɡ dot aŋɡur/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ |
| Rice | weah /weah/ | behas /behas/ | — | baras /baras/ | beras /bəras/ | wagas /waɡas/ | bareh /bareh/ |
| Iron | jataŋ /dʒataŋ/ | wasi /wasi/ | — | wasi /ˈwasi/ | besi /bəsi/ | basiʼ /basiʔ/ | basi /ˈbasi/ |
| Silk | sutera /sutera/ | sutra /sutra/ | — | sutra /sutra/ | sutre /sutrə/ | sutaraʼ /sutaraʔ/ | suto /suto/ |
| Book | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | — | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buuk /buːk/ | buku /buku/ |
| Eat | kuman /kuman/ | kuman /kuman/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | mangakan /maŋakan/ | makan /makan/ |
| Drink | ŋoʔot /ŋoʔot/ | mihop /mihop/ | minum /minum/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | nginem /ŋinəm/ | monginum /moŋinum/ | minum /minum/ |
| Sleep | manreʔ /manreʔ/ | batiruh /batiruh/ | tidur /tidur/ | guring /ɡuriŋ/ | tindoq /tindoʔ/ | modop /modop/ | lalok /laloʔ/ |
| One | isaʔ /isaʔ/ | ije /ije/ | sa /sa/ | asa /asa/ | sekéq /səkeʔ/ | iso /iso/ | ciek /tʃieʔ/ |
| Two | rueh /rueh/ | due /ˈdue/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | due /duə/ | duo /duwo/ | duo /duo/ |
| Three | telo /telo/ | telo /təlo/ | tlu /tlu/ | talu /talu/ | telu /təlu/ | tolu /tolu/ | tigo /tiɡo/ |
| Four | epat /epat/ | epat /əpat/ | mpat /əmpat/ | ampat /ampat/ | empat /əmpat/ | apat /apat/ | ampek /ampeʔ/ |
| Five | dime /dime/ | lime /lime/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /limə/ | limo /limo/ | limo /limo/ |
| Hundred | jatuh /jatuh/ | saratus /saratus/ | ratus /ratus/ | saratus /saratus/ | satus /satus/ | hatus /hatus/ | saratuih /saratuih/ |
| Hello | tabe /tabe/ | salamat /salamat/ | — /—/ | salam /salam/ | salam /salam/ | kopivosian /kopivosian/ | salam /salam/ |
| Thank you | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | — /—/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | tampi asih /tampi asih/ | pounsikou /pounsikou/ | tarimo kasiah /taɾimo kasiah/ |
| Good | maʔeh /maʔeh/ | bahalap /bahalap/ | baik /baik/ | bagus /baɡus/ | solah /solah/ | avasi /avasi/ | rancak /ɾantʃaʔ/ |
| New | waʔu /waʔu/ | taheta /taheta/ | — | hanyar /haɲar/ | baru /baru/ | wagu /waɡu/ | baru /baru/ |
| Red | mariaŋ /mariaŋ/ | bahandang /bahandaŋ/ | merah /merah/ | habang /habaŋ/ | beaq /beaʔ/ | aragang /araɡaŋ/ | sirah /siɾah/ |
| White | mahilak /mahilak/ | baputi /baputi/ | putih /putih/ | putih /putih/ | putiq /putiʔ/ | opurak /opurak/ | putiah /putiah/ |
| Black | maʔintem /maʔintem/ | babilem /babiləm/ | hitam /hitam/ | hirang /hiraŋ/ | bideng /bidəŋ/ | oitom /oitom/ | itam /itam/ |
| Green | kakuriŋ /kakuriŋ/ | bahijau /bahidʒau/ | — | hijau /hidʒau/ | ijo /idʒo/ | otomou /otomou/ | ijau /idʒau/ |
| Ninety-nine | suei pulu suei /suei pulu suei/ | jalatien puluh jalatien /dʒalatien puluh dʒalatien/ | — | sambilan puluh sambilan /sambilan puluh sambilan/ | siwaq pulu siwaq /siwaʔ pulu siwaʔ/ | siam nohopod om siam /siam nohopod om siam/ | sambilan puluah sambilan /sambilan puluah sambilan/ |
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