Haqniqdoq
Hani
Sino-Tibetan
Hani is a major Loloish Tibeto-Burman language of the Yunnan-Vietnam-Laos border region, with ~1.5 million speakers across the three countries. The Hani people are world-famous for their UNESCO World Heritage Site (2013) Honghe Hani Rice Terraces — a 1,300-year-old terraced rice cultivation system on the slopes of the Ailao Mountains in southern Yunnan, considered one of the most spectacular agricultural landscapes in the world. Linguistically, Hani has classical Loloish features: tonal (3 tones), classifier-noun constructions, and a rich vocabulary for terraced rice agriculture and mountain ecology. The Hani Pinyin orthography (1957) provides standardized literacy.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Hani
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Sino-Tibetan
| Meaning | Hani | Akha | Yi | Jino | Achang | Zaiwa | Azhe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | wulquvq /u˥˥tɕʰu˧˩/ | i cuq /i˥tɕṵ˨˩/ | ꒉ /ʑɿ˧˧/ | ji31tʃho55 /ji˧˩tʃʰo˥˥/ | ti55 /ti˥˥/ | wuì /ʋui˥˩/ | ʐitɕɪ /ʐi˨˨tɕɪ˧˧/ |
| Fire | miqzaq /mi˧˩dza˧˩/ | mi dza /mi˨˩dza˨˩/ | ꃆꄔ /mu˨˩tu˥/ | mi33 /mi˧˧/ | poi31 /poi˧˩/ | myi /mji˨˩/ | mɯtɯ /mɯ˥˥tɯ˥˥/ |
| Sun | naolma /nɔ˥˥ma˧˧/ | nah ma /nɔ˥ma˧/ | ꉘꁮ /ho˧˧bu˧˧/ | ȵɔ35 /ɲɔ˧˥/ | ni31 mɔ31 /ni˧˩ mɔ˧˩/ | buì /pui˥˩/ | lodʐi /lo˨˩dʐi˨˨/ |
| Moon | bala /ba˧˧la˧˧/ | ba la /ba˧la˧/ | ꆪ /ɬɯ˨˩/ | pu33ɬa44 /pu˧˧ɬa˦˦/ | pʰă31 lɔʔ31 /pʰă˧˩ lɔʔ˧˩/ | lhamó /lŏ̱˥˥mo˥˥/ | lobo /lo˨˨bo˨˨/ |
| Star | aqgeel /a˧˩ɡɯ˥˥/ | aqgeu /a˨˩ɡɯ˥/ | ꃅꏸ /mu˧˧tɕɿ˧˧/ | pu33ke33 /pu˧˧ke˧˧/ | kʰʐə55 /kʰʐə˥˥/ | kyoi /kjoi˥˥/ | kɛzo /kɛ˧˧zo˨˩/ |
| Night | aoqqivq /ɔ˧˩tɕi˧˩/ | uchi /u˧tɕi˧/ | ꃅꌋ /mu˧˧si˧˧/ | mi33tɕhø33 /mi˧˧tɕʰø˧˧/ | ni31 tɕʰot35 /ni˧˩ tɕʰot˧˥/ | myinle /mjin˥˥le˨˩/ | kumo /kʰu˧˧mo˧˧/ |
| Rain | aoqsseil /ɔ˧˩ze˥˥/ | u yeh /u˨˩jɛ˥/ | ꂷꉐ /ma˧˧ha˧˧/ | mi31tha55 /mi˧˩tʰa˥˥/ | mau31 ʐo55 /mau˧˩ ʐo˥˥/ | mau /mau˨˩/ | muxoʐi /mu˨˩xo˨˨ʐi˨˨/ |
| Snow | haqju /xa˧˩dʑu˧˧/ | ngeh /ŋɛ˥/ | ꃰ /vo˧˧/ | njɛ33ji44 /ɲɛ˧˧ji˦˦/ | xan31 ʑai55 /xan˧˩ ʑai˥˥/ | kyoq /kjoʔ˨˩/ | ɣo /ɣo˨˩/ |
| Wind | jaqleil /dʑa˧˩le˥˥/ | ja leh /dʑa˨˩lɛ˥/ | ꃅꆳ /mu˧˧ɬɿ˧˧/ | li31phjɐ33 /li˧˩pʰjɐ˧˧/ | l̥i55 /l̥i˥˥/ | laì /lai˥˩/ | muɬi /mu˨˩ɬi˨˨/ |
| Earth | mil caq /mi˥˥tsʰa˧˩/ | mi /mi˥/ | ꊖ /tsa˧˧/ | mi31tsha33 /mi˧˩tsʰa˧˧/ | mi55 /mi˥˥/ | myi-tse /mji˥˥tse̱˨˩/ | mɪ /mɪ˧˧/ |
| Stone | haqluv /xa˧˩lu˧˧/ | ka lo /kʰa˨˩lo˧/ | ꇓ /lu˧˧/ | lo42mɔ44 /lo˦˨mɔ˦˦/ | laŋ31kɔʔ55 /laŋ˧˩kɔʔ˥˥/ | luqgok /luʔ˨˩kok˨˩/ | lumɯ /lu˧˧mɯ˨˨/ |
| Mountain | haolgaoq /xɔ˥˥ɡɔ˧˩/ | gaw jaw /ɡɔ˨˩dʑɔ˨˩/ | ꁧ /bo˧˧/ | ɣɯ31tha55 /ɣɯ˧˩tʰa˥˥/ | pum55 /pum˥˥/ | bùm /pum˥˩/ | bɯ /bɯ˨˨/ |
| Sea | lao'laoma /lɔ˧˧lɔ˧˧ma˧˧/ | i ma laq shaq /i˨˩ma˧la̰˧ʃa̰˧/ | — | lɐ31mɔ33 /lɐ˧˩mɔ˧˧/ | nam31 tɕu31 /nam˧˩ tɕu˧˩/ | — | — |
| Mother | aqma /a˧˩ma˧˧/ | a ma /a˧ma˧/ | ꀉꂿ /a˧˦mo˧˧/ | a33mɔ44 /a˧˧mɔ˦˦/ | mauʔ51 /mauʔ˥˩/ | înu /i˥˥nu˨˩/ | amo /a˧˧mo˨˨/ |
| Father | aqda /a˧˩da˧˧/ | a da /a˧da˧/ | ꀉꄉ /a˧˦ta˧˧/ | a33pu33 /a˧˧pu˧˧/ | teʔ55 /teʔ˥˥/ | îwa /i˥˥va˨˩/ | atɪ /a˧˧tɪ˨˨/ |
| Daughter | ssaqmiq /za˧˩mi˧˩/ | a boo /a˨˩bu˥/ | ꀋꃋ /a˨˩mɿ˧˧/ | zɔ33mi33 /zɔ˧˧mi˧˧/ | tsaŋ31 ʑi31 /tsaŋ˧˩ ʑi˧˩/ | myiwe zo /mji˨˩ve˨˩tso˨˩/ | nɯ /nɯ˧˧/ |
| I | ngal /ŋa˥˥/ | nga /ŋa˧/ | ꉢ /ŋa˧˧/ | ŋɔ31 /ŋɔ˧˩/ | ŋɔ55 /ŋɔ˥˥/ | ngò /ŋo˥˩/ | ŋo /ŋo˨˨/ |
| You | nol /no˥˥/ | naw /nɔ˧/ | ꆏ /nɯ˧˧/ | nɐ31 /nɐ˧˩/ | nuaŋ55 /nuaŋ˥˥/ | nang /naŋ˥˥/ | nɯ /nɯ˨˨/ |
| We | ngaldu / ngalya /ŋa˥˥du˧˧ / ŋa˥˥ja˧˧/ | aduma / ngama /a˨˩du˧ma̰˨˩ / ŋa˧ma̰˨˩/ | ꉪꊇ /ŋo˨˩ɣo˧˦/ | a33ŋ̊o33 / ŋa33jo31 /a˧˧ŋ̊o˧˧ / ŋa˧˧jo˧˩/ | ŋɔ55 tuʔ31 /ŋɔ˥˥ tuʔ˧˩/ | nga-nhung / ngamoq /ŋa˥˥n̥uŋ˥˥ / ŋa˥˥moʔ˥˥/ | — /—/ |
| Name | milq /mi˥˥/ | myah /mjaŋ˥/ | ꂓ /m̥i˧˧/ | a33mi33 /a˧˧mi˧˧/ | a31 nʲiŋ55 /a˧˩ nʲiŋ˥˥/ | myìng /mjiŋ˥˩/ | mo /mo˧˧/ |
| Person | col /tsʰo˥˥/ | tsaw /tsʰɔ˥/ | ꊿ /tsʰo˧˧/ | tshɐ35 /tsʰɐ˧˥/ | tʂo55 /tʂo˥˥/ | byù /pju˥˩/ | tsʰɯ /tsʰɯ˨˨/ |
| Head | wuqduq /u˧˩du˧˩/ | u du /u˨˩du˨˩/ | ꀂꏾ /i˧˧tɕʰi˧˧/ | vu33khɛ33 /vu˧˧kʰɛ˧˧/ | nă31kuaŋ31 /nă˧˩kuaŋ˧˩/ | ulhum /u˨˩lu̱m˨˩/ | ɪkɯ /ɪ˥˥kɯ˧˧/ |
| Eye | miav /mja˧˧/ | myaq /mja̰˧/ | ꑓ /ɲɔ˧˧/ | mja42tsi44 /mja˦˨tsi˦˦/ | nʲɔʔ55 tsiʔ31 /nʲɔʔ˥˥ tsiʔ˧˩/ | myoq /mjoʔ˨˩/ | ȵɪdu /ȵɪ˧˧du˨˩/ |
| Ear | naqbol /na˧˩bo˥˥/ | na baw /na˨˩bɔ˥/ | ꅻ /n̥ɯ˨˩/ | na33kho55 /na˧˧kʰo˥˥/ | ni31 ʈʂʰua31 /ni˧˩ ʈʂʰua˧˩/ | nophyo /no˨˩pʰjo˨˩/ | nopɯ /no˥˥pɯ˧˧/ |
| Nose | nalmeil /na˥˥me˥˥/ | na meh /na˥mɤ˥/ | ꅲ /n̥a˧˧/ | nɔ33to44 /nɔ˧˧to˦˦/ | n̥ʲɔŋ55 /n̥ʲɔŋ˥˥/ | no /no˥˩/ | nɯbɯ /nɯ˧˧bɯ˨˩/ |
| Mouth | meiqbaoq /me˧˩bɔ˧˩/ | ka meh /kʰa˨˩mɤ˧/ | ꈂꀸ /kʰa˨˩pʰi˥/ | mø33mø33 /mø˧˧mø˧˧/ | n̥ʲot55 /n̥ʲot˥˥/ | nhut /nu̱t˥˥/ | ȵipʰɪ /ȵi˨˩pʰɪ˨˩/ |
| Tooth | seq /sɤ˧˩/ | seu /sɤ˨˩/ | ꎐꂷ /dʐɿ˧˧ma˧˧/ | a33tʃɯ33 /a˧˧tʃɯ˧˧/ | tɕoi55 /tɕoi˥˥/ | zuì /tsui˥˩/ | dzɛ /dzɛ˨˨/ |
| Tongue | lalma /la˥˥ma˧˧/ | mela /mela˥/ | ꉐꆂ /ha˧˧nɛ˧˧/ | mø33khɹa33 /mø˧˧kʰɹa˧˧/ | ɕɔ55 /ɕɔ˥˥/ | sho /ʃo˥˩/ | lapi /la˧˧pi˨˩/ |
| Hand | aqlavq /a˧˩la˧˩/ | la pa /la˧pa˧/ | ꇇ /lo˥/ | la33pu33 /la˧˧pu˧˧/ | lɔʔ55 /lɔʔ˥˥/ | loq /loʔ˨˩/ | ɭɪ /ɭɪ˨˩/ |
| Foot | aqkeel /a˧˩kʰɯ˥˥/ | a kui /a˨˩kʰɯ˥/ | ꏸꑭ /tɕɿ˧˧ɕɿ˧˧/ | ʃɔ33khi33 /ʃɔ˧˧kʰi˧˧/ | tɕʰi55 /tɕʰi˥˥/ | hkyî /kʰji˥˩/ | — |
| Heart | neema /nɯ˧˧ma˧˧/ | nui ma /ne˧ma˧/ | ꉌꂵ /hɛ˧˧ma˥/ | pe33sɯ33 /pe˧˧sɯ˧˧/ | n̥ʲa55 lum31 /n̥ʲa˥˥ lum˧˩/ | nhiklhum /ni̱k˥˥lu̱m˨˩/ | nimo /ni˧˧mo˨˨/ |
| Bone | saqyyuq /sa˧˩jø˧˩/ | sha ye /ʃa˧je˧/ | ꃷꅍ /vu˨˩du˧˧/ | — /—/ | a31ʐau31 /a˧˩ʐau˧˩/ | showui /ʃŏ˨˩ʋui˨˩/ | vuka /vu˨˩ka˥˥/ |
| Blood | sivq /si˧˩/ | shi /ʃi˥/ | ꌦ /sɿ˧˧/ | a33ɕi44 /a˧˧ɕi˦˦/ | sui31 /sui˧˩/ | sui /sui˨˩/ | su /su˨˩/ |
| Poop | xiq /ɕi˧˩/ | — | — | ɑ33khɹi33 /ɑ˧˧kʰɹi˧˧/ | tɕʰi31 /tɕʰi˧˩/ | — | — |
| Love | gaq /ɡa˧˩/ | gaq /ɡaʔ˧/ | ꉂ /ŋɡu˧˧/ | mo44e33 /mo˦˦e˧˧/ | — /—/ | chyit /tʃi̱t˥˥/ | — /—/ |
| Tree | albol /a˥˥bo˥˥/ | a baw /a˥bɔ˥/ | ꌩꁧ /sɿ˧˧bo˧˧/ | a33tsɯ33 /a˧˧tsɯ˧˧/ | saŋ31 tseŋ55 /saŋ˧˩ tseŋ˥˥/ | sikgâm /sik˥˥kam˥˩/ | sidzɛ /si˧˧dzɛ˨˨/ |
| Dog | aqkeeq /a˧˩kʰɯ˧˩/ | a kui /a˨˩kʰɯ˨˩/ | ꈌ /kʰɯ˧˧/ | khɯ33jo33 /kʰɯ˧˧jo˧˧/ | xui31 /xui˧˩/ | hkuî /kʰui˨˩/ | tʂʰi /tʂʰi˨˩/ |
| Cat | almil /a˥˥mi˥˥/ | a mi /a˥mi˥/ | ꀉꑐ /a˧˦ɲɛ˧˧/ | jɔ31mɛ44 /jɔ˧˩mɛ˦˦/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | anɛ /a˥˥nɛ˧˧/ |
| Fish | ngaqdeil /ŋa˧˩de˥˥/ | nghasha /ŋa˥ʃa˥/ | ꉛ /hɯ˧˧/ | ŋɔ33 /ŋɔ˧˧/ | ŋa31 ʂua31 /ŋa˧˩ ʂua˧˩/ | ngozo /ŋŏ˨˩tso˨˩/ | aŋo /a˥˥ŋo˨˩/ |
| Bird | alzil /a˥˥dzi˥˥/ | a ji /a˥dʑi˥/ | — | ŋɑ33zɔ33 /ŋɑ˧˧zɔ˧˧/ | m̥ɔʔ55 /m̥ɔʔ˥˥/ | nghoq /ŋo̱ʔ˥˥/ | ȵɪzo /ȵɪ˧˧zo˨˩/ |
| Butterfly | allu /a˥˥lu˧˧/ | — | — | pu33ɬo33pu33tʃɯ33 /pu˧˧ɬo˧˧pu˧˧tʃɯ˧˧/ | phă31ʐam35tʂam55 /pʰă˧˩ʐam˧˥tʂam˥˥/ | — | — |
| Egg | alwuv /a˥˥u˧˧/ | uq /ṵ˧/ | ꏿ /tɕʰi˨˩/ | ɑ33vu33 /ɑ˧˧vu˧˧/ | uʔ31 /uʔ˧˩/ | au /a˨˩u˥˥/ | ɬo /ɬo˨˨/ |
| Bear | haq'aol /xa˧˩ɔ˥˥/ | ka hm /kʰa˨˩hm̩˥/ | ꊈ /ɣo˧˧/ | a33ø44 /a˧˧ø˦˦/ | ɔm55 /ɔm˥˥/ | wàm /vam˥˩/ | — |
| Horse | moq /mo˧˩/ | maw /mɔ˨˩/ | ꃅ /mu˧˧/ | mjo33 /mjo˧˧/ | m̥ʐaŋ31 /m̥ʐaŋ˧˩/ | myang /mjaŋ˨˩/ | — |
| House | laqhyul /la˧˩xø˥˥/ | nyma /ɲma˧/ | ꑳ /ʑi˧˧/ | tso31 /tso˧˩/ | in55 /in˥˥/ | yhûm /ju̱m˥˩/ | xɛ /xɛ˨˨/ |
| Milk | aqqul /a˧˩tɕʰu˥˥/ | a coe /a˨˩tɕø˥/ | — | mɛ44ji33 /mɛ˦˦ji˧˧/ | nau35 /nau˧˥/ | naú /nau˥˥/ | — |
| Honey | biaqeel /bja˧˩ɯ˥˥/ | bya bya ui /bja˨˩bja˨˩ɯ˥/ | ꐚꒉ /dʑi˧˧ʑɿ˧˧/ | — | — | — | — |
| Salt | caqdevq /tsʰa˧˩dɤ˧˩/ | — | ꋂ /tsʰɯ˧˧/ | tsha55kha31 /tsʰa˥˥kʰa˧˩/ | tɕʰɔ31 /tɕʰɔ˧˩/ | xo /tsʰo˥˥/ | tsʰo /tsʰo˨˩/ |
| Rice | ceil /tsʰe˥˥/ | — | ꍯ /tʂʰɯ˧˧/ | tɕhe31 /tɕʰe˧˩/ | tsʰen55 /tsʰen˥˥/ | — | — |
| Iron | saol /sɔ˥˥/ | shm /ʃm̩˥/ | — | ɕɛ42 /ɕɛ˦˨/ | ʂam55 /ʂam˥˥/ | shamtoq /ʃam˥˩to̱ʔ˥˥/ | xɯ /xɯ˨˨/ |
| Book | soqhhaq /so˧˩ɣa˧˩/ | — | ꄯꒉ /tʰɯ˨˩ʑɿ˧˧/ | a33pjo33 /a˧˧pjo˧˧/ | a31pʐo55 /a˧˩pʐo˥˥/ | laiká bùk /lai˨˩ka̱˥˥puk˨˩/ | — |
| Eat | zaq /dza˧˩/ | za /dza˧/ | ꋠ /dzɯ˧˧/ | tsɔ33 /tsɔ˧˧/ | tɕɔ31 /tɕɔ˧˩/ | zo /tso˨˩/ | dzo /dzo˨˩/ |
| Drink | dol /do˥˥/ | tu /tu˧/ | ꅝ /ndo˧˧/ | tɐ42 /tɐ˦˨/ | ʂoʔ55 /ʂoʔ˥˥/ | shuq /ʃuʔ˥˥/ | dʉ /dʉ˨˨/ |
| Sleep | yiuvq /ju˧˩/ | yuq /jṵ˨˩/ | ꀀ /i˥/ | ji44 /ji˦˦/ | e31 /e˧˩/ | yhup /ju̱p˥˥/ | ʑi /ʑi˨˩/ |
| One | qiq /tɕʰi˧˩/ | ti /ti˧/ | ꋍ /tsʰɿ˨˩/ | thi33 /tʰi˧˧/ | ta31 /ta˧˩/ | ra /ʒa˨˩/ | tsʰi /tsʰi˨˩/ |
| Two | niq /ȵi˧˩/ | nyi /ɲḭ˨˩/ | ꑍ /ɲi˨˩/ | ni55 /ni˥˥/ | sək55 /sək˥˥/ | í /i˥˥/ | ni /ni˨˩/ |
| Three | saol /sɔ˥˥/ | sm /sm̩˥/ | ꌕ /sɔ˧˧/ | sø33 /sø˧˧/ | sum31 /sum˧˩/ | sum /sum˥˥/ | sɯ /sɯ˧˧/ |
| Four | yuvq /ø˧˩/ | oe /ø˨˩/ | ꇖ /lɿ˧˧/ | li33 /li˧˧/ | mi31 /mi˧˩/ | myi /mji˨˩/ | ɬi /ɬi˧˧/ |
| Five | ngavq /ŋa˧˩/ | nga /ŋa˨˩/ | ꉬ /ŋɯ˧˧/ | ŋɔ33 /ŋɔ˧˧/ | ŋɔ31 /ŋɔ˧˩/ | ngo /ŋo˨˩/ | ŋo /ŋo˨˩/ |
| Hundred | yal /ja˥˥/ | ya /ja˥/ | ꉐ /ha˧˧/ | ɕɔ33 /ɕɔ˧˧/ | pak35 /pak˧˥/ | rashô /ʒa˨˩ʃo˥˩/ | xo /xo˨˨/ |
| Hello | niahuq mahuq /nia˧˧xu˧˩ ma˧˧xu˧˩/ | u du la /u˧du˧la˧/ | ꂿꎆꈐ /mo˧˧su˧˧kɤ˧˧/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | gaq sai /ɡa˧˩ sai/ | gv ya /ɡɯ˧ja˧/ | ꈀꎭꀕ /kʰa˧˦ʂa˧˧ʂa˧˧/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Good | xa /xa˧˧/ | jau /tɕau˧/ | ꉾ /xɯ˧˧/ | mɯ33 /mɯ˧˧/ | tɕi55 /tɕi˥˥/ | ge /ke˥˩/ | mu /mu˧˧/ |
| New | siivq /sɿ˧˩/ | shuiq /ʃɯ̰˨˩/ | ꀊꏀ /a˧˧ʂɿ˥/ | a33ɕi55 /a˧˧ɕi˥˥/ | ʂək55 /ʂək˥˥/ | asik /a˨˩sik˥˥/ | ɕi /ɕi˨˩/ |
| Red | nil /ȵi˥˥/ | ne /ne˥/ | ꀊꅪ /a˧˧n̥i˧˧/ | a33nɯ44 /a˧˧nɯ˦˦/ | na55 /na˥˥/ | ne /ne˥˩/ | ȵɪ /ȵɪ˧˧/ |
| White | piul /pʰju˥˥/ | pyu /pʰju˥/ | ꀊꐎ /a˧˧tɕʰu˧˧/ | a33phɹo33 /a˧˧pʰɹo˧˧/ | pʰʐo55 /pʰʐo˥˥/ | phju /pʰju˥˩/ | ɬo /ɬo˨˨/ |
| Black | nav /na˧˧/ | naq /na̰˧/ | ꀉꆈ /a˧˦nɔ˧˧/ | a33na42 /a˧˧na˦˨/ | lɔk55 /lɔk˥˥/ | noq /noʔ˨˩/ | — |
| Green | niul /ɲu˥˥/ | nyoe /ɲø˧/ | ꀈꆧ /a˥ɬo˨˩/ | a33ny55 /a˧˧ny˥˥/ | nʲau55 /nʲau˥˥/ | nyuì /ŋjui˥˩/ | — |
| Blue | peel /pʰɯ˥˥/ | nyoe /ɲø˧/ | ꀊꃴ /a˧˧vu˥/ | a33lɯ33 /a˧˧lɯ˧˧/ | səm31 /səm˧˩/ | nyuì /ŋjui˥˩/ | — |
| Cuckoo | — /—/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
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