Azhepu
Azhe
Sino-Tibetan
Azhe (Azhepu, "Azhe people") is a Loloish language of southeastern Yunnan, China, spoken in Mile and Yiliang counties of Honghe Hani-Yi Autonomous Prefecture. The Azhe are recognized by the Chinese government as part of the broader Yi nationality (ethnic group), though the Azhe variety is mutually unintelligible with the prestige Yi (Nuosu) variety (ii) of Liangshan Prefecture. Azhe is famous in Chinese ethnomusicology as the language of the "Azhe Tiao Yue" ("Azhe Jumping Moon Dance"), an iconic ritual dance with extensive song lyrics in Azhe documented since the 1950s. Linguistically, Azhe shows typical Loloish features: tonal (4 tones), classifier-noun constructions, and a rich vocabulary for terraced rice agriculture.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Azhe
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Sino-Tibetan
| Meaning | Azhe | Yi | Jino | Hani | Zaiwa | Nusu | Achang |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ʐitɕɪ /ʐi˨˨tɕɪ˧˧/ | ꒉ /ʑɿ˧˧/ | ji31tʃho55 /ji˧˩tʃʰo˥˥/ | wulquvq /u˥˥tɕʰu˧˩/ | wuì /ʋui˥˩/ | ɹi31gɹɑ53 /ɹi˧˩ɡɹɑ˥˧/ | ti55 /ti˥˥/ |
| Fire | mɯtɯ /mɯ˥˥tɯ˥˥/ | ꃆꄔ /mu˨˩tu˥/ | mi33 /mi˧˧/ | miqzaq /mi˧˩dza˧˩/ | myi /mji˨˩/ | mi55 /mi˥˥/ | poi31 /poi˧˩/ |
| Sun | lodʐi /lo˨˩dʐi˨˨/ | ꉘꁮ /ho˧˧bu˧˧/ | ȵɔ35 /ɲɔ˧˥/ | naolma /nɔ˥˥ma˧˧/ | buì /pui˥˩/ | ȵi35ɑ55 /ɲi˧˥ɑ˥˥/ | ni31 mɔ31 /ni˧˩ mɔ˧˩/ |
| Moon | lobo /lo˨˨bo˨˨/ | ꆪ /ɬɯ˨˩/ | pu33ɬa44 /pu˧˧ɬa˦˦/ | bala /ba˧˧la˧˧/ | lhamó /lŏ̱˥˥mo˥˥/ | ɬɑ31 /ɬɑ˧˩/ | pʰă31 lɔʔ31 /pʰă˧˩ lɔʔ˧˩/ |
| Star | kɛzo /kɛ˧˧zo˨˩/ | ꃅꏸ /mu˧˧tɕɿ˧˧/ | pu33ke33 /pu˧˧ke˧˧/ | aqgeel /a˧˩ɡɯ˥˥/ | kyoi /kjoi˥˥/ | kɹe31lɔ35 /kɹe˧˩lɔ˧˥/ | kʰʐə55 /kʰʐə˥˥/ |
| Night | kumo /kʰu˧˧mo˧˧/ | ꃅꌋ /mu˧˧si˧˧/ | mi33tɕhø33 /mi˧˧tɕʰø˧˧/ | aoqqivq /ɔ˧˩tɕi˧˩/ | myinle /mjin˥˥le˨˩/ | suɑʴ35nɑ35 /suɑ˞˧˥nɑ˧˥/ | ni31 tɕʰot35 /ni˧˩ tɕʰot˧˥/ |
| Rain | muxoʐi /mu˨˩xo˨˨ʐi˨˨/ | ꂷꉐ /ma˧˧ha˧˧/ | mi31tha55 /mi˧˩tʰa˥˥/ | aoqsseil /ɔ˧˩ze˥˥/ | mau /mau˨˩/ | mɯ55ɑ31ɹuɑ55 /mɯ˥˥ɑ˧˩ɹuɑ˥˥/ | mau31 ʐo55 /mau˧˩ ʐo˥˥/ |
| Snow | ɣo /ɣo˨˩/ | ꃰ /vo˧˧/ | njɛ33ji44 /ɲɛ˧˧ji˦˦/ | haqju /xa˧˩dʑu˧˧/ | kyoq /kjoʔ˨˩/ | vɑ55 /vɑ˥˥/ | xan31 ʑai55 /xan˧˩ ʑai˥˥/ |
| Wind | muɬi /mu˨˩ɬi˨˨/ | ꃅꆳ /mu˧˧ɬɿ˧˧/ | li31phjɐ33 /li˧˩pʰjɐ˧˧/ | jaqleil /dʑa˧˩le˥˥/ | laì /lai˥˩/ | mɯ55ɑ31ɬi35 /mɯ˥˥ɑ˧˩ɬi˧˥/ | l̥i55 /l̥i˥˥/ |
| Earth | mɪ /mɪ˧˧/ | ꊖ /tsa˧˧/ | mi31tsha33 /mi˧˩tsʰa˧˧/ | mil caq /mi˥˥tsʰa˧˩/ | myi-tse /mji˥˥tse̱˨˩/ | mɹi35ɑ55 /mɹi˧˥ɑ˥˥/ | mi55 /mi˥˥/ |
| Stone | lumɯ /lu˧˧mɯ˨˨/ | ꇓ /lu˧˧/ | lo42mɔ44 /lo˦˨mɔ˦˦/ | haqluv /xa˧˩lu˧˧/ | luqgok /luʔ˨˩kok˨˩/ | lu̱53 /lu˥˧/ | laŋ31kɔʔ55 /laŋ˧˩kɔʔ˥˥/ |
| Mountain | bɯ /bɯ˨˨/ | ꁧ /bo˧˧/ | ɣɯ31tha55 /ɣɯ˧˩tʰa˥˥/ | haolgaoq /xɔ˥˥ɡɔ˧˩/ | bùm /pum˥˩/ | ŋu35ɑ55 /ŋu˧˥ɑ˥˥/ | pum55 /pum˥˥/ |
| Mother | amo /a˧˧mo˨˨/ | ꀉꂿ /a˧˦mo˧˧/ | a33mɔ44 /a˧˧mɔ˦˦/ | aqma /a˧˩ma˧˧/ | înu /i˥˥nu˨˩/ | iɑ55m̩31 /iɑ˥˥m̩˧˩/ | mauʔ51 /mauʔ˥˩/ |
| Father | atɪ /a˧˧tɪ˨˨/ | ꀉꄉ /a˧˦ta˧˧/ | a33pu33 /a˧˧pu˧˧/ | aqda /a˧˩da˧˧/ | îwa /i˥˥va˨˩/ | iɑ55bɑ31 /iɑ˥˥bɑ˧˩/ | teʔ55 /teʔ˥˥/ |
| Daughter | nɯ /nɯ˧˧/ | ꀋꃋ /a˨˩mɿ˧˧/ | zɔ33mi33 /zɔ˧˧mi˧˧/ | ssaqmiq /za˧˩mi˧˩/ | myiwe zo /mji˨˩ve˨˩tso˨˩/ | mi31ɑ31zɑ55 /mi˧˩ɑ˧˩zɑ˥˥/ | tsaŋ31 ʑi31 /tsaŋ˧˩ ʑi˧˩/ |
| I | ŋo /ŋo˨˨/ | ꉢ /ŋa˧˧/ | ŋɔ31 /ŋɔ˧˩/ | ngal /ŋa˥˥/ | ngò /ŋo˥˩/ | ŋɑ35 /ŋɑ˧˥/ | ŋɔ55 /ŋɔ˥˥/ |
| You | nɯ /nɯ˨˨/ | ꆏ /nɯ˧˧/ | nɐ31 /nɐ˧˩/ | nol /no˥˥/ | nang /naŋ˥˥/ | ȵo55 /ɲo˥˥/ | nuaŋ55 /nuaŋ˥˥/ |
| We | — /—/ | ꉪꊇ /ŋo˨˩ɣo˧˦/ | a33ŋ̊o33 / ŋa33jo31 /a˧˧ŋ̊o˧˧ / ŋa˧˧jo˧˩/ | ngaldu / ngalya /ŋa˥˥du˧˧ / ŋa˥˥ja˧˧/ | nga-nhung / ngamoq /ŋa˥˥n̥uŋ˥˥ / ŋa˥˥moʔ˥˥/ | ɑ55iɯ31 / ŋɑ35dɯ31 /ɑ˥˥iɯ˧˩ / ŋɑ˧˥dɯ˧˩/ | ŋɔ55 tuʔ31 /ŋɔ˥˥ tuʔ˧˩/ |
| Name | mo /mo˧˧/ | ꂓ /m̥i˧˧/ | a33mi33 /a˧˧mi˧˧/ | milq /mi˥˥/ | myìng /mjiŋ˥˩/ | m̥ə̃ʴ35 /m̥ə̃˞˧˥/ | a31 nʲiŋ55 /a˧˩ nʲiŋ˥˥/ |
| Person | tsʰɯ /tsʰɯ˨˨/ | ꊿ /tsʰo˧˧/ | tshɐ35 /tsʰɐ˧˥/ | col /tsʰo˥˥/ | byù /pju˥˩/ | su35 /su˧˥/ | tʂo55 /tʂo˥˥/ |
| Head | ɪkɯ /ɪ˥˥kɯ˧˧/ | ꀂꏾ /i˧˧tɕʰi˧˧/ | vu33khɛ33 /vu˧˧kʰɛ˧˧/ | wuqduq /u˧˩du˧˩/ | ulhum /u˨˩lu̱m˨˩/ | u31phu55 /u˧˩pʰu˥˥/ | nă31kuaŋ31 /nă˧˩kuaŋ˧˩/ |
| Eye | ȵɪdu /ȵɪ˧˧du˨˩/ | ꑓ /ɲɔ˧˧/ | mja42tsi44 /mja˦˨tsi˦˦/ | miav /mja˧˧/ | myoq /mjoʔ˨˩/ | miɑ53dʑi31 /miɑ˥˧dʑi˧˩/ | nʲɔʔ55 tsiʔ31 /nʲɔʔ˥˥ tsiʔ˧˩/ |
| Ear | nopɯ /no˥˥pɯ˧˧/ | ꅻ /n̥ɯ˨˩/ | na33kho55 /na˧˧kʰo˥˥/ | naqbol /na˧˩bo˥˥/ | nophyo /no˨˩pʰjo˨˩/ | n̥ɑ55shə̃ɹ35 /n̥ɑ˥˥sʰə̃ɹ˧˥/ | ni31 ʈʂʰua31 /ni˧˩ ʈʂʰua˧˩/ |
| Nose | nɯbɯ /nɯ˧˧bɯ˨˩/ | ꅲ /n̥a˧˧/ | nɔ33to44 /nɔ˧˧to˦˦/ | nalmeil /na˥˥me˥˥/ | no /no˥˩/ | n̥ɑ55kɑ̃35 /n̥ɑ˥˥kɑ̃˧˥/ | n̥ʲɔŋ55 /n̥ʲɔŋ˥˥/ |
| Mouth | ȵipʰɪ /ȵi˨˩pʰɪ˨˩/ | ꈂꀸ /kʰa˨˩pʰi˥/ | mø33mø33 /mø˧˧mø˧˧/ | meiqbaoq /me˧˩bɔ˧˩/ | nhut /nu̱t˥˥/ | n̥ɑ55khɔ̃35 /n̥ɑ˥˥kʰɔ̃˧˥/ | n̥ʲot55 /n̥ʲot˥˥/ |
| Tooth | dzɛ /dzɛ˨˨/ | ꎐꂷ /dʐɿ˧˧ma˧˧/ | a33tʃɯ33 /a˧˧tʃɯ˧˧/ | seq /sɤ˧˩/ | zuì /tsui˥˩/ | shua55 /sʰua˥˥/ | tɕoi55 /tɕoi˥˥/ |
| Tongue | lapi /la˧˧pi˨˩/ | ꉐꆂ /ha˧˧nɛ˧˧/ | mø33khɹa33 /mø˧˧kʰɹa˧˧/ | lalma /la˥˥ma˧˧/ | sho /ʃo˥˩/ | fɹɑ35 /fɹɑ˧˥/ | ɕɔ55 /ɕɔ˥˥/ |
| Hand | ɭɪ /ɭɪ˨˩/ | ꇇ /lo˥/ | la33pu33 /la˧˧pu˧˧/ | aqlavq /a˧˩la˧˩/ | loq /loʔ˨˩/ | ʔlɑ53 /ʔlɑ˥˧/ | lɔʔ55 /lɔʔ˥˥/ |
| Heart | nimo /ni˧˧mo˨˨/ | ꉌꂵ /hɛ˧˧ma˥/ | pe33sɯ33 /pe˧˧sɯ˧˧/ | neema /nɯ˧˧ma˧˧/ | nhiklhum /ni̱k˥˥lu̱m˨˩/ | ʔĩ31lɔ55 /ʔĩ˧˩lɔ˥˥/ | n̥ʲa55 lum31 /n̥ʲa˥˥ lum˧˩/ |
| Bone | vuka /vu˨˩ka˥˥/ | ꃷꅍ /vu˨˩du˧˧/ | — /—/ | saqyyuq /sa˧˩jø˧˩/ | showui /ʃŏ˨˩ʋui˨˩/ | — /—/ | a31ʐau31 /a˧˩ʐau˧˩/ |
| Blood | su /su˨˩/ | ꌦ /sɿ˧˧/ | a33ɕi44 /a˧˧ɕi˦˦/ | sivq /si˧˩/ | sui /sui˨˩/ | sui55 /sui˥˥/ | sui31 /sui˧˩/ |
| Love | — /—/ | ꉂ /ŋɡu˧˧/ | mo44e33 /mo˦˦e˧˧/ | gaq /ɡa˧˩/ | chyit /tʃi̱t˥˥/ | mi35 /mi˧˥/ | — /—/ |
| Tree | sidzɛ /si˧˧dzɛ˨˨/ | ꌩꁧ /sɿ˧˧bo˧˧/ | a33tsɯ33 /a˧˧tsɯ˧˧/ | albol /a˥˥bo˥˥/ | sikgâm /sik˥˥kam˥˩/ | si53dzə̃ʴ35 /si˥˧dzə̃˞˧˥/ | saŋ31 tseŋ55 /saŋ˧˩ tseŋ˥˥/ |
| Dog | tʂʰi /tʂʰi˨˩/ | ꈌ /kʰɯ˧˧/ | khɯ33jo33 /kʰɯ˧˧jo˧˧/ | aqkeeq /a˧˩kʰɯ˧˩/ | hkuî /kʰui˨˩/ | khui55 /kʰui˥˥/ | xui31 /xui˧˩/ |
| Cat | anɛ /a˥˥nɛ˧˧/ | ꀉꑐ /a˧˦ɲɛ˧˧/ | jɔ31mɛ44 /jɔ˧˩mɛ˦˦/ | almil /a˥˥mi˥˥/ | — /—/ | mɯ35ȵɛ31 /mɯ˧˥ɲɛ˧˩/ | — /—/ |
| Fish | aŋo /a˥˥ŋo˨˩/ | ꉛ /hɯ˧˧/ | ŋɔ33 /ŋɔ˧˧/ | ngaqdeil /ŋa˧˩de˥˥/ | ngozo /ŋŏ˨˩tso˨˩/ | ŋɑ55 /ŋɑ˥˥/ | ŋa31 ʂua31 /ŋa˧˩ ʂua˧˩/ |
| Bird | ȵɪzo /ȵɪ˧˧zo˨˩/ | — | ŋɑ33zɔ33 /ŋɑ˧˧zɔ˧˧/ | alzil /a˥˥dzi˥˥/ | nghoq /ŋo̱ʔ˥˥/ | hɑ̃53 /hɑ̃˥˧/ | m̥ɔʔ55 /m̥ɔʔ˥˥/ |
| Egg | ɬo /ɬo˨˨/ | ꏿ /tɕʰi˨˩/ | ɑ33vu33 /ɑ˧˧vu˧˧/ | alwuv /a˥˥u˧˧/ | au /a˨˩u˥˥/ | ɹɑ31ʔu31 /ɹɑ˧˩ʔu˧˩/ | uʔ31 /uʔ˧˩/ |
| House | xɛ /xɛ˨˨/ | ꑳ /ʑi˧˧/ | tso31 /tso˧˩/ | laqhyul /la˧˩xø˥˥/ | yhûm /ju̱m˥˩/ | iɔ35kɑʴ35 /iɔ˧˥kɑ˞˧˥/ | in55 /in˥˥/ |
| Salt | tsʰo /tsʰo˨˩/ | ꋂ /tsʰɯ˧˧/ | tsha55kha31 /tsʰa˥˥kʰa˧˩/ | caqdevq /tsʰa˧˩dɤ˧˩/ | xo /tsʰo˥˥/ | tshɑ55 /tsʰɑ˥˥/ | tɕʰɔ31 /tɕʰɔ˧˩/ |
| Iron | xɯ /xɯ˨˨/ | — | ɕɛ42 /ɕɛ˦˨/ | saol /sɔ˥˥/ | shamtoq /ʃam˥˩to̱ʔ˥˥/ | ɕɑ35 /ɕɑ˧˥/ | ʂam55 /ʂam˥˥/ |
| Eat | dzo /dzo˨˩/ | ꋠ /dzɯ˧˧/ | tsɔ33 /tsɔ˧˧/ | zaq /dza˧˩/ | zo /tso˨˩/ | dzɑ55 /dzɑ˥˥/ | tɕɔ31 /tɕɔ˧˩/ |
| Drink | dʉ /dʉ˨˨/ | ꅝ /ndo˧˧/ | tɐ42 /tɐ˦˨/ | dol /do˥˥/ | shuq /ʃuʔ˥˥/ | ɕhu̱55 /ɕʰu˥˥/ | ʂoʔ55 /ʂoʔ˥˥/ |
| Sleep | ʑi /ʑi˨˩/ | ꀀ /i˥/ | ji44 /ji˦˦/ | yiuvq /ju˧˩/ | yhup /ju̱p˥˥/ | iɔ̱53ɔ31 /iɔ˥˧ɔ˧˩/ | e31 /e˧˩/ |
| One | tsʰi /tsʰi˨˩/ | ꋍ /tsʰɿ˨˩/ | thi33 /tʰi˧˧/ | qiq /tɕʰi˧˩/ | ra /ʒa˨˩/ | thi53 /tʰi˥˧/ | ta31 /ta˧˩/ |
| Two | ni /ni˨˩/ | ꑍ /ɲi˨˩/ | ni55 /ni˥˥/ | niq /ȵi˧˩/ | í /i˥˥/ | m̩55 /m̩˥˥/ | sək55 /sək˥˥/ |
| Three | sɯ /sɯ˧˧/ | ꌕ /sɔ˧˧/ | sø33 /sø˧˧/ | saol /sɔ˥˥/ | sum /sum˥˥/ | sɔ35 /sɔ˧˥/ | sum31 /sum˧˩/ |
| Four | ɬi /ɬi˧˧/ | ꇖ /lɿ˧˧/ | li33 /li˧˧/ | yuvq /ø˧˩/ | myi /mji˨˩/ | vɹi35 /vɹi˧˥/ | mi31 /mi˧˩/ |
| Five | ŋo /ŋo˨˩/ | ꉬ /ŋɯ˧˧/ | ŋɔ33 /ŋɔ˧˧/ | ngavq /ŋa˧˩/ | ngo /ŋo˨˩/ | ŋɑ53 /ŋɑ˥˧/ | ŋɔ31 /ŋɔ˧˩/ |
| Hundred | xo /xo˨˨/ | ꉐ /ha˧˧/ | ɕɔ33 /ɕɔ˧˧/ | yal /ja˥˥/ | rashô /ʒa˨˩ʃo˥˩/ | ɕhɑ35 /ɕʰɑ˧˥/ | pak35 /pak˧˥/ |
| Hello | — /—/ | ꂿꎆꈐ /mo˧˧su˧˧kɤ˧˧/ | — /—/ | niahuq mahuq /nia˧˧xu˧˩ ma˧˧xu˧˩/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | ꈀꎭꀕ /kʰa˧˦ʂa˧˧ʂa˧˧/ | — /—/ | gaq sai /ɡa˧˩ sai/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Good | mu /mu˧˧/ | ꉾ /xɯ˧˧/ | mɯ33 /mɯ˧˧/ | xa /xa˧˧/ | ge /ke˥˩/ | ge35ɑ55 /ɡe˧˥ɑ˥˥/ | tɕi55 /tɕi˥˥/ |
| New | ɕi /ɕi˨˩/ | ꀊꏀ /a˧˧ʂɿ˥/ | a33ɕi55 /a˧˧ɕi˥˥/ | siivq /sɿ˧˩/ | asik /a˨˩sik˥˥/ | dʑɔ53 /dʑɔ˥˧/ | ʂək55 /ʂək˥˥/ |
| Red | ȵɪ /ȵɪ˧˧/ | ꀊꅪ /a˧˧n̥i˧˧/ | a33nɯ44 /a˧˧nɯ˦˦/ | nil /ȵi˥˥/ | ne /ne˥˩/ | xɹi35ɑ55 /xɹi˧˥ɑ˥˥/ | na55 /na˥˥/ |
| White | ɬo /ɬo˨˨/ | ꀊꐎ /a˧˧tɕʰu˧˧/ | a33phɹo33 /a˧˧pʰɹo˧˧/ | piul /pʰju˥˥/ | phju /pʰju˥˩/ | bɑ55bɑ31 /bɑ˥˥bɑ˧˩/ | pʰʐo55 /pʰʐo˥˥/ |
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