Tachiwíin
Coyutla Totonac
Totonacan
Coyutla Totonac is one of several Totonac varieties spoken in the Sierra de Papantla mountains of northern Veracruz, Mexico. The Totonacan language family is one of Mesoamerica's smallest, with Totonac (~250K total across all varieties) and Tepehua as its only two branches; it is not demonstrably related to any larger family despite shared areal features with neighboring Otomanguean and Uto-Aztecan languages. Totonac speakers are renowned globally for the Voladores ceremony — Indigenous ritual aerial dancers who descend on ropes from a 30-meter pole, a practice inscribed on UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (2009). Coyutla and other Sierra varieties also preserve traditional vanilla cultivation, a Totonacan domesticate that became globally important via Spanish colonial trade.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Coyutla Totonac
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Totonacan
| Meaning | Coyutla Totonac | Western Huasteca Nahuatl | Guerrero Nahuatl | Central Huasteca Nahuatl | Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl | Aguacateco | Tzeltal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | chúchut /tʃútʃut/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | aʼ /aʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ |
| Fire | lhkúyat /ɬkújat/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | qʼaq /qʼaq/ | kʼajkʼ /kʼahkʼ/ |
| Sun | chichiní /tʃitʃiní/ | tonati /tonati/ | tonajli /tonahli/ | tonati /tonati/ | tonatih /tonatih/ | qʼijl /qʼihl/ | kʼajkʼal /kʼahkʼal/ |
| Moon | papá /papá/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | xahaw /ʃahaw/ | u /u/ |
| Star | staku /staku/ | sitlalij /siˈtɬalih/ | sitlalin /siˈtɬalin/ | sitlalij /siˈtɬalih/ | sitlalij /siˈtɬalih/ | chumeʼl /tʃumeʔl/ | ekʼ /ekʼ/ |
| Night | tsisni /tsisni/ | yohuali /jowali/ | yowalli /jowalːi/ | youali /jowali/ | yohuali /jowali/ | aqʼbʼal /aqʼɓal/ | ajkʼabal /ahkʼaɓal/ |
| Rain | sin /sin/ | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | kiyawit /kiˈjawit/ | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | abʼal /aɓal/ | jaʼal /haʔal/ |
| Wind | un /ʔun/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajakatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | kyeqʼeqʼ /kjeqʼeqʼ/ | ikʼ /ʔikʼ/ |
| Earth | tiyat /tijat/ | tlali /tɬali/ | tlajli /tɬahli/ | tlali /tɬali/ | tlali /tɬali/ | txʼotxʼ /tʃʼotʃʼ/ | lum /lum/ |
| Stone | chiwix /tʃiwiʃ/ | tetl /teːtɬ/ | tetl /teːtɬ/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | kʼubʼ /kʼuɓ/ | ton /ton/ |
| Mountain | kestín /kestín/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | witz /wits/ | wits /wits/ |
| Sea | pupunú /pupunú/ | hueyatl /ˈwejatɬ/ | mar /mar/ | hueyatl /ˈwejatɬ/ | hueyiatl /weˈjiatɬ/ | pitzʼpuj aʼ /pitsʼpuh aʔ/ | mar /mar/ |
| Mother | tzí /tsí/ | nana /nana/ | nanan /nanan/ | nana /nana/ | mama /mama/ | naa /naː/ | meʼ /meʔ/ |
| Father | tlat /tɬat/ | tata /tata/ | tatah /tatah/ | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | mam /mam/ | tat /tat/ |
| Daughter | tsumát /tsuˈmat/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | nochpoch /ˈnotʃpotʃ/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | meʼal /meʔal/ | antsil nichʼan /antsil nitʃʼan/ |
| I | akit /akit/ | na /na/ | nejua /neˈwa/ | na /na/ | na /na/ | in /in/ | joʼon /hoʔon/ |
| You | wix /wiʃ/ | ta /ta/ | tejua /teˈwa/ | ta /ta/ | ta /ta/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | jaʼat /haʔat/ |
| We | akinín /akinín/ | tohuanti /toˈwanti/ | tejuamej /teˈwameh/ | tohuanti /toˈwanti/ | tohuanti /toˈwanti/ | oʼ /oʔ/ | joʼotik / joʼotikon /hoʔotik / hoʔotikon/ |
| Name | takuwiní /takuwiní/ | tocaxtli /toˈkaʃtɬi/ | tocaitl /toˈkaitɬ/ | tocaxtli /toˈkaʃtɬi/ | tocaxtli /toˈkaʃtɬi/ | bʼiʼ /ɓiʔ/ | biil /ɓiːl/ |
| Head | akgxakga /aqʃaqa/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | wiʼaj /wiʔah/ | jol /hol/ |
| Eye | lakgastapu /laqastapu/ | ixteyol /iʃtejol/ | ixtololo /iʃtololo/ | ixtioli /iʃtioli/ | ixtiyol /iʃtijol/ | witzʼ /witsʼ/ | sit /sit/ |
| Ear | takgén /taqén/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | nacas /nakas/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | xhchin /ʃtʃin/ | chikin /tʃikin/ |
| Mouth | kilhni /kiɬni/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | tziʼaj /tsiʔah/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ |
| Tooth | tatsan /tatsan/ | tlankoch /tɬankotʃ/ | tlan /tɬan/ | tlankoch /tɬankotʃ/ | tlankoch /tɬankotʃ/ | eʼ /eʔ/ | ehal /ehal/ |
| Tongue | simakgat /simaqat/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | nenepili /nenepili/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | aqʼ /aqʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ |
| Hand | makán /makán/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | qʼab /qʼab/ | kʼab /kʼab/ |
| Foot | tantún /tantún/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | aqan /aqan/ | ok /ok/ |
| Heart | naku /naku/ | yolotl /jolotɬ/ | yojlotl /johlotɬ/ | yolotl /jolotɬ/ | yollotl /jolːotɬ/ | kʼuum /kʼuːm/ | oʼtan /oʔtan/ |
| Bone | lukut /lukut/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | bʼaq /ɓaq/ | bak /ɓak/ |
| Blood | kgalhni /qaɬni/ | estli /estɬi/ | yestli /jestɬi/ | estli /estɬi/ | estli /estɬi/ | chichʼ /tʃitʃʼ/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ |
| Love | — /—/ | tlasojtla /tɬasohtɬa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlasojtla /tɬasohtɬa/ | xajan /ʃahan/ | kʼanbey /kʼanbej/ |
| Tree | kiwi /kiwi/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | kojtli /kohtɬi/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | tzeʼ /tseʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ |
| Dog | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintɬi/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | txʼiʼ /tʃʼiʔ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ |
| Cat | mishtu /miʃtu/ | mizton /miston/ | miston /miston/ | misto /misto/ | mizto /misto/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ |
| Fish | skiti /skiti/ | michi /mitʃi/ | michin /mitʃin/ | michi /mitʃi/ | michi /mitʃi/ | kay /kaj/ | chay /tʃaj/ |
| Bird | spun /spun/ | tototl /tototɬ/ | tototl /ˈtototɬ/ | tototl /tototɬ/ | tototl /ˈtototɬ/ | chʼuʼl /tʃʼuʔl/ | mut /mut/ |
| Egg | kálhwat /káɬwat/ | tecsistli /teksistɬi/ | totoltetl /totolˈtetɬ/ | tejsistli /tehsistɬi/ | tejquistli /tehkistɬi/ | kʼolobʼ /kʼoloɓ/ | tomut /tomut/ |
| Bear | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /ˈoso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ |
| Horse | kawayu /kawaju/ | cahuayoj /kaˈwajoh/ | caballo /kaˈbajo/ | kauayoj /kaˈwajoh/ | kawayoh /kaˈwaːjoh/ | chej /tʃeh/ | kawu /kawu/ |
| House | chiki /tʃiki/ | cali /kali/ | kajli /kahli/ | kali /kali/ | cali /kali/ | nya /ɲa/ | na /na/ |
| Milk | leche /letʃe/ | lechi /letʃi/ | leche /ˈletʃe/ | lechi /letʃi/ | lechi /letʃi/ | lech /letʃ/ | lech /letʃ/ |
| Honey | táxkat /táʃkat/ | nectli /nektɬi/ | necutli /neˈkutɬi/ | necti /nekti/ | nectli /nektɬi/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | chab /tʃab/ |
| Salt | mátzat /mátsat/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | aatzʼum /aːtsʼum/ | atsʼam /atsʼam/ |
| Wine | vino /bino/ | xocomeca atl /ʃokomeka atɬ/ | vino /ˈbino/ | xocomeca at /ʃokomeka at/ | xocomeca atl /ʃokomeka atɬ/ | win /win/ | vino /bino/ |
| Iron | likán /likán/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | takʼin /takʼin/ |
| Silk | seda /seda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | — | seda /seda/ |
| Book | libro /libro/ | libro /ˈlibro/ | libro /ˈlibro/ | amochtli /aˈmotʃtɬi/ | amoxtli /aˈmoʃtɬi/ | liwr /liwr/ | jun /hun/ |
| Eat | wayán /waján/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlakua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | wii /wiː/ | weʼel /weʔel/ |
| Drink | kgotnún /qotnún/ | atli /atɬi/ | koni /koni/ | atli /atɬi/ | atli /atɬi/ | uuk /uːk/ | uchʼel /utʃʼel/ |
| Sleep | lhtata /ɬtata/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | watl /waːtl/ | way /waj/ |
| One | aktum /aktum/ | ce /se/ | ce /se/ | ce /se/ | ce /se/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ |
| Two | aktuy /aktuj/ | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | kaʼwutz /kaʔwuts/ | cheb /tʃeb/ |
| Three | aktutu /aktutu/ | eyi /ejiː/ | yeyi /jeji/ | eyi /ejiː/ | eyi /ejiː/ | oxox /oʃoʃ/ | oxeb /oʃeb/ |
| Four | aktati /aktati/ | nahui /nawi/ | nahui /nawi/ | nahui /naːwi/ | nahui /naːwi/ | kyaj /kjah/ | chaneb /tʃaneb/ |
| Five | kitsis /kitsis/ | macuili /maˈkʷili/ | makuijli /makʷihli/ | makuili /maˈkʷili/ | macuili /maˈkʷili/ | oʼ /oʔ/ | joʼeb /hoʔeɓ/ |
| Hundred | ciento /sjento/ | cien /sjen/ | ciento /ˈsjento/ | cien /sjen/ | cien /sjen/ | jun cient /hun sjent/ | joʼ winik /hoʔ winik/ |
| Hello | tlen lhítat /tɬen ɬítat/ | niltze /niltse/ | panolti /panolti/ | niltze /niltse/ | nimitzpaca /nimitspaka/ | kʼamta /kʼamta/ | banti winik /banti winik/ |
| Thank you | paʼxkatkatsiniyán /paʔʃkatkatsiniján/ | tlascamati /tɬaskamati/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | tlaskamati /tɬaskamati/ | tlascamati /tɬaskamati/ | tixwajʼ /tiʃwahʼ/ | wokol awal /wokol awal/ |
| Good | tlan /tɬan/ | cuali /kʷali/ | kuajli /kʷahli/ | kuali /kʷali/ | cuali /kʷali/ | balaj /balah/ | lek /lek/ |
| New | xasasti /ʃasasti/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | yencuic /ˈjenkʷik/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | akʼaj /aːkʼah/ | achʼ /atʃʼ/ |
| Red | tsutsokgo /tsutsoqo/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | kyaq /kjaq/ | tsajal /tsahal/ |
| White | snapapa /snapapa/ | chipahuac /tʃipawak/ | istak /istak/ | istak /istak/ | chipahuac /tʃipawak/ | saq /saq/ | sak /sak/ |
| Black | tsitsekge /tsitseqe/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | capotztic /kaˈpotstik/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | qʼeq /qʼeq/ | ijkʼal /ihkʼal/ |
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