Komba
trans-Nuova Guinea (finisterre-huon, huon occidentale, kabwum)
Una lingua huon occidentale (finisterre-huon, trans-neoguineana) della zona di Kabwum, nel nord della provincia di Morobe, strettamente imparentata con il selepet e il timbe. Come le sue lingue sorelle di Kabwum, il komba ha ordine SOV con una ricca morfologia a verbo finale; i verbi transitivi selezionano una di due classi di prefissi di oggetto ereditate dai verbi-oggetto "dare" (niɣ-) e "colpire" (noɣ-), un'innovazione della famiglia di Kabwum. Documentata in dettaglio da Neville e Gwyneth Southwell della SIL a partire dagli anni '60.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in komba
Fonti
- Southwell, Neville (1979) Komba Grammar Sketch. SIL.
- Southwell, N. & G. (1969) Komba Dictionary (draft). SIL.
- McElhanon, K. A. (1967) Preliminary observations on Huon Peninsula languages.
- Suter, Edgar (2012) Comparative Morphology of the Huon Peninsula Languages. PhD diss., U Cologne.
- TransNewGuinea.org: Komba lexicon
- Glottolog: Komba
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: trans-Nuova Guinea (finisterre-huon, huon occidentale, kabwum)
| Significato | Komba | Proto-vietico | Hajong | Yugh | Lardil | Mochica | Proto-austroasiatico |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | too /toː/ | *ɗaːk /ɗaːk/ | pani /pani/ | хур /xur/ | nguka /ŋuka/ | lā /laː/ | *ɗaːk /ɗaːk/ |
| Fuoco | kârâp /kɐɾɐp/ | *-laːs /-laːs/ | ag /aɡ/ | бок /bok/ | nyuda /ɲuda/ | ol /ol/ | *ʔuːs /ʔuːs/ |
| Sole | mirâsiŋ /miɾɐsiŋ/ | — /—/ | bela /bela/ | ыга /ɨɣa/ | warrka /waɾka/ | xllang /ɬaŋ/ | *tŋiːʔ /tŋiːʔ/ |
| Luna | kâin /kɐin/ | *b-laŋ /b-laŋ/ | চান /tʃan/ | хып /xɨp/ | kirdikir /kiɖikir/ | si /si/ | *khe(ː)ʔ /kheːʔ/ |
| Stella | sâŋgelak /sɐŋɡelak/ | *k-raːw /k-raːw/ | tara /taɾa/ | алаӈ /alaŋ/ | kuwa thungal /kuwa θuŋal/ | fanpec /fanpek/ | *smʔaɲ /smʔaɲ/ |
| Notte | ŋâtik /ŋɐtik/ | *teːm /teːm/ | rati /rati/ | си /si/ | nata /nata/ | — /—/ | *cəːm /cəːm/ |
| Pioggia | map /map/ | *k-maː /k-maː/ | mek /mek/ | — | — | — | *gmaʔ /ɡmaʔ/ |
| Vento | pibâ /pibɐ/ | — | batas /batas/ | — | — | — | *kjɔʔ /kjɔʔ/ |
| Terra | hân /hɐn/ | *tət /tət/ | মাটি /maʈi/ | — | — | — | *tiʔ /tiʔ/ |
| Pietra | kât /kɐt/ | — | — | — | — | pong /poŋ/ | *tmɔʔ /tmɔʔ/ |
| Montagna | bakŋâ /bakŋɐ/ | — | — | — | — | — | *bruʔ /bruʔ/ |
| Mare | saru /saru/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Madre | mam /mam/ | *meːʔ /meːʔ/ | ma /ma/ | ам /am/ | ngama /ŋama/ | eng /eŋ/ | *maʔ /maʔ/ |
| Padre | ibâ /ibɐ/ | *bɔːʔ /bɔːʔ/ | baba /baba/ | оп /op/ | kantha /kan̪t̪a/ | ef /ef/ | *ɓa(ː)ʔ /ɓaːʔ/ |
| Figlia | bârat /bɐrat/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Io | nâ /nɐ/ | *soː /soː/ | moi /muɪ/ | ай /aj/ | ngada /ŋada/ | moiñ /mojɲ/ | *ʔaɲ /ʔaɲ/ |
| Tu | gâ /ɡɐ/ | *miː /miː/ | tui /tuɪ/ | у /uː/ | nyingki /ɲiŋki/ | tzhang /tʃaŋ/ | *miːʔ /miːʔ/ |
| Noi | nen /nen/ | — /—/ | amra /amra/ | этн /ətn/ | ngakuli / nyali /ŋakuli / ɲali/ | mœich /məwitʃ/ | *hiːʔ /hiːʔ/ |
| Nome | kut /kut/ | — /—/ | nam /nam/ | и /iː/ | nyunda /ɲunda/ | por /por/ | *ɟmuh /ɟmuh/ |
| Testa | kâuk /kɐuk/ | *k-loːk /k-loːk/ | — | — | — | — | *ɓoːkʔ /ɓoːkʔ/ |
| Occhio | si /si/ | *mat /mat/ | soku /sɔku/ | ден /den/ | kuwa /kuwa/ | locɥ /lotʃ/ | *mat /mat/ |
| Orecchio | kindap /kindap/ | *saːj /saːj/ | kan /kan/ | охти /oχti/ | — | medquic /medkik/ | *Ctoːr /Ctoːr/ |
| Naso | sâŋgân /sɐŋɡɐn/ | *muːs /muːs/ | nak /nak/ | — | — | — | *muh /muh/ |
| Bocca | lâu /lɐu/ | *mɛːŋʔ /mɛːŋʔ/ | — | — | — | ssap /sap/ | *miəŋʔ /miəŋʔ/ |
| Dente | sât /sɐt/ | *k-saŋ /k-saŋ/ | dat /dat/ | ит /it/ | kadma leman /kadma leman/ | cɥang /tʃaŋ/ | *lmVɲ /lməɲ/ |
| Lingua | nâmbâlam /nɐmbɐlam/ | *laːs /laːs/ | jiba /dʒiba/ | эй /ej/ | jalda leman /dʒalda leman/ | ed /ed/ | *lntaːk /lntaːk/ |
| Mano | bit /bit/ | *siː /siː/ | hat /hat/ | хы /xɨ/ | marlda /maɭda/ | mæcɥ /mætʃ/ | *tiːʔ /tiːʔ/ |
| Piede | ki /ki/ | *ciɲ /ciɲ/ | theng /ʈʰeŋ/ | бул /bul/ | jaa /dʒaː/ | loc /lok/ | *ɟəːŋ /ɟəːŋ/ |
| Cuore | kabiam /kabiam/ | — /—/ | mon /mon/ | кутʼ /kutʼ/ | bulja /buldʒa/ | polæng /polæŋ/ | *nuːɕ /nuːɕ/ |
| Osso | siŋit /siŋit/ | *ɟaːŋ /ɟaːŋ/ | harang /haraŋ/ | аʼт /aʔt/ | kadma /kadma/ | loti /loti/ | *cʔaːŋ /cʔaːŋ/ |
| Sangue | gilâm /ɡilɐm/ | *t-muːʔ /t-muːʔ/ | rokto /rɔkto/ | сур /sur/ | kanda /kanda/ | cul /kul/ | *mham /mham/ |
| Amore | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Albero | nak /nak/ | *gəl /gəl/ | gas /ɡas/ | ос /os/ | thungal /θuŋal/ | nepæt /nepæt/ | *ɟɕɨːʔ /ɟɕɨːʔ/ |
| Cane | wâu /wɐu/ | *ʔa-cɔːʔ /ʔa-cɔːʔ/ | kuthura /kutʰuɾa/ | тʼип /tʼip/ | ngawa /ŋawa/ | fanu /fanu/ | *cɔː /cɔː/ |
| Gatto | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Pesce | iŋan /iŋan/ | *ʔa-kaːʔ /ʔa-kaːʔ/ | mas /maːtʃʰ/ | ис /is/ | yaka /jaka/ | xllac /ɬak/ | *kaʔ /kaʔ/ |
| Uccello | nii /niː/ | *ciːm /ciːm/ | — | — | — | ñaiñ /ɲaiɲ/ | *ciːm /ciːm/ |
| Cavallo | biosi /biosi/ | *m-ŋəːʔ /m-ŋəːʔ/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Casa | mirâ /miɾɐ/ | *ɲaː /ɲaː/ | ghor /ɡʱoɾ/ | хус /xus/ | ngambirr /ŋambir/ | an /an/ | *ɲaːʔ /ɲaːʔ/ |
| Latte | nam /nam/ | *p-rah /p-rah/ | dudh /dudʱ/ | — | — | — | — |
| Sale | sii /siː/ | *ɓɔːjʔ /ɓɔːjʔ/ | — | — | — | æp /æp/ | *ɓɔːh /ɓɔːh/ |
| Vino | waiŋ /waiŋ/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Libro | ekap /ekap/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mangiare | ni- /ni/ | *ʔan /ʔan/ | kha /kʰa/ | фен /fen/ | jitha /dʒiθa/ | funo /funo/ | *ɟaː /ɟaː/ |
| Bere | ni- /ni/ | *ʔɔːŋʔ /ʔɔːŋʔ/ | kha /kʰa/ | эт /et/ | kurdama /kuɖama/ | man /man/ | *ɲuʔ /ɲuʔ/ |
| Dormire | uman zi- /uman zi/ | — | ghuma /ɡʱuma/ | — | — | — | *ɓic /ɓic/ |
| Uno | kânok /kɐnok/ | *moːc /moːc/ | ek /ek/ | хуса /xusa/ | warnge /waɾŋe/ | onæc /onæk/ | *muːj /muːj/ |
| Due | zagât /zaɡɐt/ | *haːr /haːr/ | dui /duɪ/ | хынам /xɨnam/ | kiyarrng /kijaɾŋ/ | aput /aput/ | *ɓaːr /ɓaːr/ |
| Tre | karâmbut /karɐmbut/ | *paː /paː/ | tin /tin/ | доӈ /doŋ/ | mungkalan /muŋkalan/ | çopæt /sopæt/ | *peʔ /peʔ/ |
| Quattro | kimembut /kimembut/ | *poːnʔ /poːnʔ/ | — | — | — | — | *punʔ /punʔ/ |
| Cinque | bâtnâmbut /bɐtnɐmbut/ | *ɗam /ɗam/ | — | хак /xaːk/ | — | exllmætzh /eɬmætʃ/ | *pɗam /pɗam/ |
| Cento | handeret /handeret/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Ciao | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Grazie | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Buono | âlipŋâ /ɐlipŋɐ/ | — /—/ | bhala /bʱala/ | — /—/ | kuba /kuba/ | peñaeñ /peɲaeɲ/ | — /—/ |
| Nuovo | irakŋâ /irakŋɐ/ | *ɓəːjʔ /ɓəːjʔ/ | — | — | — | — | *tmeːʔ /tmeːʔ/ |
| Rosso | kuriŋ /kuriŋ/ | *tɔh /tɔh/ | lal /lal/ | сулʲ /sulʲ/ | kandukan /kandukan/ | — /—/ | *roːŋ /roːŋ/ |
| Bianco | kâukâu /kɐukɐu/ | *k-laŋʔ /k-laŋʔ/ | dhola /dʱola/ | — | — | — | *ɓɔːk /ɓɔːk/ |
| Nero | sumun sumun /sumun sumun/ | — | — | — | — | — | *Cjoŋ /Cjoŋ/ |
| Verde | gwolâ gwolâ /ɡwolɐ ɡwolɐ/ | — | — | — | — | — | *kciʔ /kciʔ/ |
| Blu | gwolâ gwolâ /ɡwolɐ ɡwolɐ/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
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