basa Sunda buhun
Sundanese antico
austronesiano (maleo-polinesiaco, sundico) · varietà storica / nascosta
L'antico sundanese è la lingua austronesiana letteraria dei regni sundanesi di Giava occidentale (in particolare Pajajaran, 1042-1579 d.C.), distinta dall'antico giavanese (kawi) di Giava centrale e orientale. Attestato in iscrizioni su pietra e manoscritti su foglia di palma (lontar) tra cui il Carita Parahyangan (~XVI sec., una cronaca sundanese), il Sanghyang Siksakandang Karesian (1518) e il resoconto di viaggio Bujangga Manik. Usava la scrittura antico-sundanese (un abugida distinto derivato dalla brahmi, non l'hanacaraka giavanese). Dopo la caduta di Pajajaran nel 1579 a opera delle forze islamiche del Sultanato di Banten, l'antico sundanese cedette gradualmente il passo al sundanese moderno (su) e alle scritture hanacaraka di stile giavanese e pegon arabo.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in sundanese antico
Fonti
- Noorduyn & Teeuw (2006) Three Old Sundanese Poems
- Atja & Saleh (1981) Carita Parahyangan
- Glottolog: olds1242
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: austronesiano (maleo-polinesiaco, sundico)
| Significato | Sundanese antico | Sundanese | Giavanese antico | Malese antico | Balinese | Ngaju | Lampung |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | cai /tʃai/ | cai /tʃai/ | ꦮꦫꦶꦃ /warih/ | air /air/ | yeh /jeh/ | danum /danum/ | way /waj/ |
| Fuoco | apuy /apuj/ | seuneu /sɯnɯ/ | ꦄꦒ꧀ꦤꦶ /aɡni/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | apui /apui/ | apui /apui/ |
| Sole | panon poe /panon poe/ | panonpoé /panɔnpɔe/ | ꦱꦸꦂꦪ /surja/ | matari /matari/ | matanai /matanai/ | matanandau /matanandau/ | matarani /matarani/ |
| Luna | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦿ /tʃandra/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Stella | béntang /bentaŋ/ | béntang /bentaŋ/ | ꦭꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦁ /lintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Notte | peuting /pɯtiŋ/ | peuting /pəutiŋ/ | ꦮꦼꦔꦶ /wəŋi/ | malam /malam/ | peteng /pətəŋ/ | hamalem /hamaləm/ | dibingi /dibiŋi/ |
| Terra | lemah /ləmah/ | taneuh /tanəuh/ | ꦭꦼꦩꦃ /ləmah/ | — | tanah /tanah/ | petak /petak/ | tanoh /tanoh/ |
| Pietra | batu /batu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ | ꦮꦠꦸ /watu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ |
| Mare | tasik /tasik/ | laut /ˈlaut/ | ꦭꦺꦴꦢ꧀ /lod/ | — | pasih /pasih/ | tasik /tasik/ | lawok /lawoʔ/ |
| Madre | indung /induŋ/ | indung /induŋ/ | ꦆꦧꦸ /ibu/ | ibu /ibu/ | meme /meme/ | indu /indu/ | ina /ina/ |
| Padre | bapa /bapa/ | bapa /bapa/ | ꦫꦩ /rama/ | bapa /bapa/ | bapa /bapa/ | bapa /bapa/ | bak /baʔ/ |
| Io | aing /aiŋ/ | kuring /kuriŋ/ | ꦄꦏꦸ /aku/ | aku /aku/ | tiang /tijaŋ/ | aku /aku/ | nyak /ɲaʔ/ |
| Tu | kita /kita/ | manéh /maneh/ | ꦏꦶꦠ /kita/ | kamu /kamu/ | cai /tʃai/ | ikau /ikau/ | niku /niku/ |
| Noi | urang /uraŋ/ | urang /uraŋ/ | ꦏꦩꦶ /kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | iraga /iraɡa/ | itah / ikei /itah / ikei/ | ram / sikam /ʁam / sikam/ |
| Nome | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ꦔꦫꦤ꧀ /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | adan /adan/ | aran /aran/ | gelagh /ɡəlaʁ/ |
| Persona | janma /dʒanma/ | jalma /dʒalma/ | ꦮ꧀ꦮꦁ /wwaŋ/ | — | anak /anak/ | uluh /uluh/ | jelema /dʒələma/ |
| Occhio | panon /panon/ | panon /panɔn/ | ꦩꦠ /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mate /mate/ | mata /mata/ |
| Naso | irung /iruŋ/ | irung /iruŋ/ | ꦲꦶꦫꦸꦁ /hiruŋ/ | — | cunguh /tʃuŋuh/ | urung /uruŋ/ | irung /iʁuŋ/ |
| Dente | huntu /huntu/ | huntu /huntu/ | ꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦠꦸ /huntu/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | kasinga /kasiŋa/ | ipon /ipon/ |
| Lingua | letah /lətah/ | létah /leːtah/ | ꦆꦭꦠ꧀ /ilat/ | lidah /lidah/ | layah /lajah/ | jela /dʒelaʔ/ | emo /əmo/ |
| Mano | leungeun /lɯŋɯn/ | leungeun /lɯŋɯn/ | ꦠꦔꦤ꧀ /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | lengen /ləŋən/ | pungow /puŋow/ |
| Piede | suku /suku/ | suku /suku/ | ꦱꦸꦏꦸ /suku/ | — | cokor /tʃokor/ | pai /pai/ | kukut /kukut/ |
| Cuore | hate /hate/ | haté /hate/ | ꦲꦠꦶ /hati/ | hati /hati/ | manah /manah/ | atei /atei/ | hati /hati/ |
| Osso | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | ꦧꦭꦸꦁ /baluŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tehulan /təhulon/ |
| Sangue | getih /ɡətih/ | getih /ɡətih/ | ꦫꦃ /rah/ | darah /darah/ | getih /ɡətih/ | daha /dahaʔ/ | rah /ʁɔh/ |
| Amore | nyaah /ɲaːh/ | bogoh /bɔɡɔh/ | ꦱꦶꦃ /sih/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | tresna /tresna/ | sinta /sinta/ | cinta /tʃinta/ |
| Albero | kayu /kaju/ | tangkal /taŋkal/ | ꦏꦪꦸ /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | punyan /puɲan/ | kayu /kaju/ | batang kayu /bataŋ kaju/ |
| Cane | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | ꦄꦱꦸ /asu/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | cicing /tʃitʃiŋ/ | asu /asu/ | asu /asu/ |
| Gatto | ucing /utʃiŋ/ | ucing /utʃiŋ/ | ꦩꦺꦴꦁ /moŋ/ | — /—/ | meong /meoŋ/ | posa /posa/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ |
| Pesce | lauk /lauk/ | lauk /ˈlauk/ | ꦆꦮꦏ꧀ /iwak/ | ikan /ikan/ | be /be/ | lauk /ˈlauk/ | iwa /ˈiwo/ |
| Uccello | manuk /manuk/ | manuk /manʊk/ | ꦩꦤꦸꦏ꧀ /manuk/ | burung /buruŋ/ | kedis /kədis/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buʁuŋ/ |
| Casa | imah /imah/ | imah /imah/ | ꦈꦩꦃ /umah/ | rumah /rumah/ | umah /umah/ | huma /huma/ | lamban /lamban/ |
| Sale | uyah /ujah/ | uyah /ujah/ | ꦈꦪꦃ /ujah/ | garam /ɡaram/ | uyah /ujah/ | uyah /ujah/ | uyah /ujah/ |
| Libro | apus /apus/ | buku /ˈbuku/ | ꦥꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦏ /pustaka/ | — | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ |
| Mangiare | nyatu /ɲatu/ | dahar /dahar/ | ꦄꦩꦔꦤ꧀ /amaŋan/ | makan /makan/ | ngajeng /ŋadʒeŋ/ | kuman /kuman/ | nganik /ŋanik/ |
| Bere | nginum /ŋinum/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | ꦄꦩꦶꦤꦸꦩ꧀ /aminum/ | minum /minum/ | nginem /ŋinem/ | mihop /mihop/ | nginum /ŋinum/ |
| Dormire | saré /sare/ | saré /sare/ | ꦠꦸꦫꦸ /turu/ | tidur /tidur/ | pules /ˈpules/ | batiruh /batiruh/ | pedom /pədɔm/ |
| Uno | hiji /hidʒi/ | hiji /hidʒi/ | ꦌꦏ /eka/ | sa /sa/ | besik /besik/ | ije /ije/ | sai /sai/ |
| Due | dwa /dwa/ | dua /duwa/ | ꦫ꧀ꦮ /rwa/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | due /ˈdue/ | rua /ruwa/ |
| Tre | telu /təlu/ | tilu /tilu/ | ꦠꦼꦭꦸ /təlu/ | tlu /tlu/ | telu /təlu/ | telo /təlo/ | telu /təlu/ |
| Quattro | opat /opat/ | opat /opat/ | ꦥꦠ꧀ /pat/ | mpat /əmpat/ | papat /papat/ | epat /əpat/ | pat /pat/ |
| Cinque | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | ꦭꦶꦩ /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lime /lime/ | lima /lima/ |
| Ciao | wilujeng /wiludʒəŋ/ | sampurasun /sampurasun/ | ꦫꦲꦪꦸ /rahaju/ | — /—/ | om swastiastu /om swastiastu/ | salamat /salamat/ | tabik /tabik/ |
| Grazie | nuhun /nuhun/ | hatur nuhun /hatur nuhun/ | ꦤꦸꦮꦸꦤ꧀ /nuwun/ | — /—/ | matur suksma /matur suksma/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ |
| Buono | hade /hade/ | hadé /hade/ | ꦲꦪꦸ /haju/ | baik /baik/ | becik /betʃik/ | bahalap /bahalap/ | hayep /hajep/ |
| Rosso | beureum /bɯrɯm/ | beureum /bərəum/ | ꦄꦧꦁ /abaŋ/ | merah /merah/ | barak /barak/ | bahandang /bahandaŋ/ | suluh /suluh/ |
| Bianco | bodas /bodas/ | bodas /bodas/ | ꦥꦸꦠꦶꦃ /putih/ | putih /putih/ | putih /putih/ | baputi /baputi/ | handak /handak/ |
| Nero | hideung /hidɯŋ/ | hideung /hidəuŋ/ | ꦲꦶꦉꦁ /hirəŋ/ | hitam /hitam/ | selem /sələm/ | babilem /babiləm/ | halom /halom/ |
| Sushi | tarasi /tarasi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | ꦝꦺꦁ /ɖeŋ/ | pekasam /pəkasam/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
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