ꦨꦴꦰꦏꦮꦶ
Giavanese antico
austronesiano (maleo-polinesiaco, sundico) · varietà storica / nascosta
Il giavanese antico (kawi) è la forma del giavanese impiegata nei testi letterari e religiosi dei secoli IX–XV. Fortemente influenzato dal sanscrito, ne prende in prestito direttamente gran parte del lessico filosofico, religioso e dotto. La scrittura kawi (antenata dell’hanacaraka) è all’origine di tutte le scritture brahmiche successive dell’Indonesia ed è ancora oggi utilizzata a Bali per le cerimonie.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in giavanese antico
Fonti
- Zoetmulder (1982) Old Javanese-English Dictionary
- Robson (1995) Deśawarṇana (Nāgarakṛtāgama)
- Glottolog: oldj1245
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: austronesiano (maleo-polinesiaco, sundico)
| Significato | Giavanese antico | Giavanese caraibico | Giavanese | Banjar | Malese antico | Sundanese antico | Musi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | ꦮꦫꦶꦃ /warih/ | banyu /baɲu/ | banyu /baɲu/ | banyu /baɲu/ | air /air/ | cai /tʃai/ | ayek /ajek/ |
| Fuoco | ꦄꦒ꧀ꦤꦶ /aɡni/ | geni /ɡəni/ | geni /ɡəni/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | apuy /apuj/ | api /api/ |
| Sole | ꦱꦸꦂꦪ /surja/ | srengéngé /srəŋeŋe/ | srengéngé /srəŋeŋe/ | matahari /matahari/ | matari /matari/ | panon poe /panon poe/ | matahari /matahari/ |
| Luna | ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦿ /tʃandra/ | rembulan /rəmbulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Stella | ꦭꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦁ /lintaŋ/ | lintang /lintaŋ/ | lintang /lintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | béntang /bentaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Notte | ꦮꦼꦔꦶ /wəŋi/ | bengi /bəŋi/ | bengi /bəŋi/ | malam /malam/ | malam /malam/ | peuting /pɯtiŋ/ | malem /maləm/ |
| Pioggia | ꦈꦢꦤ꧀ /udan/ | udan /ˈudan/ | udan /ˈudan/ | hujan /ˈhudʒan/ | — | — | ujan /uˈdʒan/ |
| Vento | ꦲꦔꦶꦤ꧀ /haŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | — | — | angin /aŋin/ |
| Terra | ꦭꦼꦩꦃ /ləmah/ | lemah /ləmah/ | lemah /ləmah/ | tanah /tanah/ | — | lemah /ləmah/ | tanah /tanah/ |
| Pietra | ꦮꦠꦸ /watu/ | watu /watu/ | watu /ˈwatu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ |
| Montagna | ꦒꦸꦤꦸꦁ /ɡunuŋ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | — | — | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ |
| Mare | ꦭꦺꦴꦢ꧀ /lod/ | segara /səɡɔrɔ/ | segara /səˈɡɔrɔ/ | laut /laut/ | — | tasik /tasik/ | laot /laot/ |
| Madre | ꦆꦧꦸ /ibu/ | mbok /mbɔʔ/ | ibu /ibu/ | uma /uma/ | ibu /ibu/ | indung /induŋ/ | mak /mak/ |
| Padre | ꦫꦩ /rama/ | pak /paʔ/ | bapak /bapak/ | abah /abah/ | bapa /bapa/ | bapa /bapa/ | bapak /bapak/ |
| Io | ꦄꦏꦸ /aku/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | aing /aiŋ/ | aku /aku/ |
| Tu | ꦏꦶꦠ /kita/ | kowe /kɔwe/ | kowe /kowe/ | ikam /ikam/ | kamu /kamu/ | kita /kita/ | kau /kau/ |
| Noi | ꦏꦩꦶ /kami/ | awaké dhéwé /awaʔe ɖewe/ | awaké dhéwé /awaʔe ɖewe/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | urang /uraŋ/ | kito / kami /kito / kami/ |
| Nome | ꦔꦫꦤ꧀ /ŋaran/ | jeneng /dʒənəŋ/ | jeneng /dʒənəŋ/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | namo /namo/ |
| Persona | ꦮ꧀ꦮꦁ /wwaŋ/ | wong /wɔŋ/ | wong /wɔŋ/ | urang /uraŋ/ | — | janma /dʒanma/ | wong /woŋ/ |
| Testa | ꦲꦸꦭꦸ /hulu/ | sirah /sirah/ | sirah /sirah/ | kapala /kapala/ | — | — | palak /palak/ |
| Occhio | ꦩꦠ /mata/ | mripat /mripat/ | mata /mɔtɔ/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | panon /panon/ | mato /mato/ |
| Orecchio | ꦠꦭꦶꦔ /taliŋa/ | kuping /kupiŋ/ | kuping /kupiŋ/ | talinga /taˈliŋa/ | — | — | telingo /teliŋo/ |
| Naso | ꦲꦶꦫꦸꦁ /hiruŋ/ | irung /iruŋ/ | irung /iruŋ/ | hidung /hiduŋ/ | — | irung /iruŋ/ | idung /iduŋ/ |
| Bocca | ꦕꦁꦏꦼꦩ꧀ /tʃaŋkəm/ | cangkem /tʃaŋkəm/ | cangkem /ˈtʃaŋkəm/ | muntung /muntuŋ/ | — | — | mulut /mulut/ |
| Dente | ꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦠꦸ /huntu/ | untu /untu/ | untu /untu/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | huntu /huntu/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ |
| Lingua | ꦆꦭꦠ꧀ /ilat/ | ilat /ilat/ | ilat /ilat/ | ilat /ilat/ | lidah /lidah/ | letah /lətah/ | lidah /lidah/ |
| Mano | ꦠꦔꦤ꧀ /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | leungeun /lɯŋɯn/ | tangan /taŋan/ |
| Piede | ꦱꦸꦏꦸ /suku/ | sikil /sikil/ | sikil /sikil/ | batis /batis/ | — | suku /suku/ | — |
| Cuore | ꦲꦠꦶ /hati/ | ati /ati/ | ati /ati/ | ati /ati/ | hati /hati/ | hate /hate/ | hati /hati/ |
| Osso | ꦧꦭꦸꦁ /baluŋ/ | balung /baluŋ/ | balung /baluŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ |
| Sangue | ꦫꦃ /rah/ | getih /ɡətih/ | getih /ɡətih/ | darah /darah/ | darah /darah/ | getih /ɡətih/ | darah /darah/ |
| Cacca | ꦠꦲꦶ /tahi/ | tai /tai/ | tai /ˈtai/ | tahi /tahi/ | — | — | taik /taik/ |
| Amore | ꦱꦶꦃ /sih/ | tresno /trəsno/ | tresna /ˈtrɛsnɔ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | nyaah /ɲaːh/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ |
| Albero | ꦏꦪꦸ /kaju/ | wit /wit/ | wit /wit/ | batang /bataŋ/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ |
| Cane | ꦄꦱꦸ /asu/ | asu /asu/ | asu /asu/ | hadupan /hadupan/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ |
| Gatto | ꦩꦺꦴꦁ /moŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | pusa /pusa/ | — /—/ | ucing /utʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ |
| Pesce | ꦆꦮꦏ꧀ /iwak/ | iwak /ˈiwaʔ/ | iwak /ˈiwaʔ/ | iwak /ˈiwak/ | ikan /ikan/ | lauk /lauk/ | ikan /ˈikan/ |
| Uccello | ꦩꦤꦸꦏ꧀ /manuk/ | manuk /manuʔ/ | manuk /manʊʔ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | manuk /manuk/ | burung /buruŋ/ |
| Farfalla | ꦏꦸꦥꦸꦏꦸꦥꦸ /kupukupu/ | kupu /kupu/ | kupu /kupu/ | kupu-kupu /kupukupu/ | — | — | — |
| Uovo | ꦲꦼꦟ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦒ꧀ /əɳɖoɡ/ | endhog /ənɖɔɡ/ | endhog /ənɖɔɡ/ | hintalu /hintalu/ | — | — | telok /telok/ |
| Orso | ꦧꦂꦮꦁ /barwaŋ/ | bruwang /bruwaŋ/ | bruwang /bruwaŋ/ | biruang /biruaŋ/ | — | — | — |
| Cavallo | ꦏꦸꦢ /kuda/ | jaran /dʒaran/ | jaran /dʒaran/ | kuda /kuda/ | — | — | — |
| Casa | ꦈꦩꦃ /umah/ | omah /omah/ | omah /omah/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | imah /imah/ | rumah /rumah/ |
| Latte | ꦱꦸꦱꦸ /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | — | susu /susu/ |
| Miele | ꦩꦣꦸ /madu/ | madu /madu/ | madu /madu/ | madu /madu/ | — | — | — |
| Sale | ꦈꦪꦃ /ujah/ | uyah /ujah/ | uyah /ujah/ | uyah /ujah/ | garam /ɡaram/ | uyah /ujah/ | garam /ɡaram/ |
| Riso | ꦧꦿꦱ꧀ /bras/ | beras /bəras/ | beras /bəras/ | baras /baras/ | — | — | beras /bəras/ |
| Ferro | ꦮꦼꦱꦶ /wəsi/ | wesi /wəsi/ | wesi /ˈwəsi/ | wasi /ˈwasi/ | — | — | besi /bəsi/ |
| Ruota | ꦕꦏꦿ /tʃakra/ | rodha /rɔɖɔ/ | rodha /rɔɖɔ/ | roda /roda/ | — | — | — |
| Seta | ꦱꦸꦠꦿ /sutra/ | sutra /sutrɔ/ | sutra /ˈsutrɔ/ | sutra /sutra/ | — | — | — |
| Libro | ꦥꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦏ /pustaka/ | buku /buku/ | buku /ˈbuku/ | buku /buku/ | — | apus /apus/ | buku /buku/ |
| Mangiare | ꦄꦩꦔꦤ꧀ /amaŋan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | nyatu /ɲatu/ | makan /makan/ |
| Bere | ꦄꦩꦶꦤꦸꦩ꧀ /aminum/ | ngombé /ŋombe/ | ngombe /ŋombe/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | minum /minum/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | minum /minum/ |
| Dormire | ꦠꦸꦫꦸ /turu/ | turu /turu/ | turu /turu/ | guring /ɡuriŋ/ | tidur /tidur/ | saré /sare/ | tido /tido/ |
| Uno | ꦌꦏ /eka/ | siji /sidʒi/ | siji /sidʒi/ | asa /asa/ | sa /sa/ | hiji /hidʒi/ | siko /siko/ |
| Due | ꦫ꧀ꦮ /rwa/ | loro /lɔrɔ/ | loro /ˈlɔrɔ/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | dwa /dwa/ | duo /duo/ |
| Tre | ꦠꦼꦭꦸ /təlu/ | telu /təlu/ | telu /təlu/ | talu /talu/ | tlu /tlu/ | telu /təlu/ | tigo /tiɡo/ |
| Quattro | ꦥꦠ꧀ /pat/ | papat /papat/ | papat /papat/ | ampat /ampat/ | mpat /əmpat/ | opat /opat/ | empat /əmpat/ |
| Cinque | ꦭꦶꦩ /lima/ | lima /ˈlimɔ/ | lima /lɪmɔ/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | limo /limo/ |
| Cento | ꦱꦠꦸꦱ꧀ /satus/ | satus /satus/ | satus /satus/ | saratus /saratus/ | ratus /ratus/ | — | seratus /səratus/ |
| Ciao | ꦫꦲꦪꦸ /rahaju/ | halo /halo/ | halo /halo/ | salam /salam/ | — /—/ | wilujeng /wiludʒəŋ/ | halo /halo/ |
| Grazie | ꦤꦸꦮꦸꦤ꧀ /nuwun/ | matur nuwun /matur nuwun/ | matur nuwun /matur nuwun/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | — /—/ | nuhun /nuhun/ | terimo kasih /terimo kasih/ |
| Buono | ꦲꦪꦸ /haju/ | apik /apik/ | apik /apik/ | bagus /baɡus/ | baik /baik/ | hade /hade/ | bagus /baɡus/ |
| Nuovo | ꦲꦚꦂ /haɲar/ | anyar /aɲar/ | anyar /aɲar/ | hanyar /haɲar/ | — | — | anyar /aɲar/ |
| Rosso | ꦄꦧꦁ /abaŋ/ | abang /abaŋ/ | abang /abaŋ/ | habang /habaŋ/ | merah /merah/ | beureum /bɯrɯm/ | merah /ˈmerah/ |
| Bianco | ꦥꦸꦠꦶꦃ /putih/ | putih /putih/ | putih /putɪh/ | putih /putih/ | putih /putih/ | bodas /bodas/ | putih /putih/ |
| Nero | ꦲꦶꦉꦁ /hirəŋ/ | ireng /irəŋ/ | ireng /irəŋ/ | hirang /hiraŋ/ | hitam /hitam/ | hideung /hidɯŋ/ | item /itəm/ |
| Verde | ꦲꦶꦗꦺꦴ /hidʒo/ | ijo /idʒo/ | ijo /ˈidʒo/ | hijau /hidʒau/ | — | — | ijo /idʒo/ |
| Cuculo | ꦏꦺꦴꦏꦶꦭ /kokila/ | — | kedhasih /kəˈɖasih/ | bubut /ˈbubut/ | — | — | — |
| Sushi | ꦝꦺꦁ /ɖeŋ/ | — | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | pekasam /pəkasam/ | tarasi /tarasi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
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