Bahasa Jawa Suriname
Giavanese caraibico
famiglia austronesiana (ramo maleo-polinesiaco, giavanese, diaspora)
Il giavanese caraibico (Bahasa Jawa Suriname) è il giavanese parlato dalla comunità giavanese-surinamese, discendenti dei lavoratori a contratto portati dalle Indie orientali olandesi (oggi Indonesia) in Suriname tra il 1890 e il 1939 (~33 000 a contratto, in gran parte stabilitisi definitivamente). Oltre 130 anni di isolamento lo hanno allontanato dal giavanese standard dell'isola di Giava (jv): numerosi prestiti dal sranan tongo e dall'olandese, sistema dei livelli di parlata (krama-ngoko) semplificato e alcune particolarità lessicali surinamesi. È riconosciuto fra le principali lingue patrimoniali del Suriname.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in giavanese caraibico
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: famiglia austronesiana (ramo maleo-polinesiaco, giavanese, diaspora)
| Significato | Giavanese caraibico | Giavanese | Giavanese antico | Banjar | Sasak | Balinese | Sundanese |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | banyu /baɲu/ | banyu /baɲu/ | ꦮꦫꦶꦃ /warih/ | banyu /baɲu/ | aiq /aiʔ/ | yeh /jeh/ | cai /tʃai/ |
| Fuoco | geni /ɡəni/ | geni /ɡəni/ | ꦄꦒ꧀ꦤꦶ /aɡni/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | seuneu /sɯnɯ/ |
| Sole | srengéngé /srəŋeŋe/ | srengéngé /srəŋeŋe/ | ꦱꦸꦂꦪ /surja/ | matahari /matahari/ | jelo /dʒəlo/ | matanai /matanai/ | panonpoé /panɔnpɔe/ |
| Luna | rembulan /rəmbulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦿ /tʃandra/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Stella | lintang /lintaŋ/ | lintang /lintaŋ/ | ꦭꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦁ /lintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | béntang /bentaŋ/ |
| Notte | bengi /bəŋi/ | bengi /bəŋi/ | ꦮꦼꦔꦶ /wəŋi/ | malam /malam/ | malem /maləm/ | peteng /pətəŋ/ | peuting /pəutiŋ/ |
| Pioggia | udan /ˈudan/ | udan /ˈudan/ | ꦈꦢꦤ꧀ /udan/ | hujan /ˈhudʒan/ | ujan /uˈdʒan/ | ujan /ˈudʒan/ | hujan /ˈhudʒan/ |
| Neve | salju /saldʒu/ | salju /salɟu/ | — | salju /saldʒu/ | salju /saldʒu/ | salju /saldʒu/ | salju /saldʒu/ |
| Vento | angin /aŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | ꦲꦔꦶꦤ꧀ /haŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ |
| Terra | lemah /ləmah/ | lemah /ləmah/ | ꦭꦼꦩꦃ /ləmah/ | tanah /tanah/ | tanaq /tanaʔ/ | tanah /tanah/ | taneuh /tanəuh/ |
| Pietra | watu /watu/ | watu /ˈwatu/ | ꦮꦠꦸ /watu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ |
| Montagna | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | ꦒꦸꦤꦸꦁ /ɡunuŋ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ |
| Mare | segara /səɡɔrɔ/ | segara /səˈɡɔrɔ/ | ꦭꦺꦴꦢ꧀ /lod/ | laut /laut/ | segare /səɡarə/ | pasih /pasih/ | laut /ˈlaut/ |
| Madre | mbok /mbɔʔ/ | ibu /ibu/ | ꦆꦧꦸ /ibu/ | uma /uma/ | inaq /inaʔ/ | meme /meme/ | indung /induŋ/ |
| Padre | pak /paʔ/ | bapak /bapak/ | ꦫꦩ /rama/ | abah /abah/ | amaq /amaʔ/ | bapa /bapa/ | bapa /bapa/ |
| Figlia | anak wédok /anaʔ wedɔʔ/ | anak wadon /anaʔ wadɔn/ | — | anak babinian /anak babinian/ | anak nine /anak ninə/ | pianak luh /pianak luh/ | anak awéwé /anak awewe/ |
| Io | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | ꦄꦏꦸ /aku/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | tiang /tijaŋ/ | kuring /kuriŋ/ |
| Tu | kowe /kɔwe/ | kowe /kowe/ | ꦏꦶꦠ /kita/ | ikam /ikam/ | side /sidə/ | cai /tʃai/ | manéh /maneh/ |
| Noi | awaké dhéwé /awaʔe ɖewe/ | awaké dhéwé /awaʔe ɖewe/ | ꦏꦩꦶ /kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | ite / kami /itə / kami/ | iraga /iraɡa/ | urang /uraŋ/ |
| Nome | jeneng /dʒənəŋ/ | jeneng /dʒənəŋ/ | ꦔꦫꦤ꧀ /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | aran /aran/ | adan /adan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ |
| Persona | wong /wɔŋ/ | wong /wɔŋ/ | ꦮ꧀ꦮꦁ /wwaŋ/ | urang /uraŋ/ | dengan /dəŋan/ | anak /anak/ | jalma /dʒalma/ |
| Testa | sirah /sirah/ | sirah /sirah/ | ꦲꦸꦭꦸ /hulu/ | kapala /kapala/ | otak /otak/ | sirah /sirah/ | sirah /sirah/ |
| Occhio | mripat /mripat/ | mata /mɔtɔ/ | ꦩꦠ /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mate /matə/ | mata /mata/ | panon /panɔn/ |
| Orecchio | kuping /kupiŋ/ | kuping /kupiŋ/ | ꦠꦭꦶꦔ /taliŋa/ | talinga /taˈliŋa/ | kentok /kəntok/ | kuping /kupiŋ/ | ceuli /tʃəuli/ |
| Naso | irung /iruŋ/ | irung /iruŋ/ | ꦲꦶꦫꦸꦁ /hiruŋ/ | hidung /hiduŋ/ | irung /iruŋ/ | cunguh /tʃuŋuh/ | irung /iruŋ/ |
| Bocca | cangkem /tʃaŋkəm/ | cangkem /ˈtʃaŋkəm/ | ꦕꦁꦏꦼꦩ꧀ /tʃaŋkəm/ | muntung /muntuŋ/ | biwih /biwih/ | bungut /buŋut/ | sungut /suŋut/ |
| Dente | untu /untu/ | untu /untu/ | ꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦠꦸ /huntu/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | huntu /huntu/ |
| Lingua | ilat /ilat/ | ilat /ilat/ | ꦆꦭꦠ꧀ /ilat/ | ilat /ilat/ | elaq /əlaʔ/ | layah /lajah/ | létah /leːtah/ |
| Mano | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | ꦠꦔꦤ꧀ /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | ime /imə/ | tangan /taŋan/ | leungeun /lɯŋɯn/ |
| Piede | sikil /sikil/ | sikil /sikil/ | ꦱꦸꦏꦸ /suku/ | batis /batis/ | naé /nae/ | cokor /tʃokor/ | suku /suku/ |
| Cuore | ati /ati/ | ati /ati/ | ꦲꦠꦶ /hati/ | ati /ati/ | ate /ate/ | manah /manah/ | haté /hate/ |
| Osso | balung /baluŋ/ | balung /baluŋ/ | ꦧꦭꦸꦁ /baluŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tolang /tolaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ |
| Sangue | getih /ɡətih/ | getih /ɡətih/ | ꦫꦃ /rah/ | darah /darah/ | daraq /daraʔ/ | getih /ɡətih/ | getih /ɡətih/ |
| Cacca | tai /tai/ | tai /ˈtai/ | ꦠꦲꦶ /tahi/ | tahi /tahi/ | tai /tai/ | tai /tai/ | taiʔ /taiʔ/ |
| Amore | tresno /trəsno/ | tresna /ˈtrɛsnɔ/ | ꦱꦶꦃ /sih/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | tresne /trəsnə/ | tresna /tresna/ | bogoh /bɔɡɔh/ |
| Albero | wit /wit/ | wit /wit/ | ꦏꦪꦸ /kaju/ | batang /bataŋ/ | lolon kayu /lolon kaju/ | punyan /puɲan/ | tangkal /taŋkal/ |
| Cane | asu /asu/ | asu /asu/ | ꦄꦱꦸ /asu/ | hadupan /hadupan/ | acong /aˈtʃoŋ/ | cicing /tʃitʃiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ |
| Gatto | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | ꦩꦺꦴꦁ /moŋ/ | pusa /pusa/ | meong /meoŋ/ | meong /meoŋ/ | ucing /utʃiŋ/ |
| Pesce | iwak /ˈiwaʔ/ | iwak /ˈiwaʔ/ | ꦆꦮꦏ꧀ /iwak/ | iwak /ˈiwak/ | empaq /əmpaʔ/ | be /be/ | lauk /ˈlauk/ |
| Uccello | manuk /manuʔ/ | manuk /manʊʔ/ | ꦩꦤꦸꦏ꧀ /manuk/ | burung /buruŋ/ | kedit /kədit/ | kedis /kədis/ | manuk /manʊk/ |
| Farfalla | kupu /kupu/ | kupu /kupu/ | ꦏꦸꦥꦸꦏꦸꦥꦸ /kupukupu/ | kupu-kupu /kupukupu/ | — | kupu-kupu /kupukupu/ | kukupu /kukupu/ |
| Uovo | endhog /ənɖɔɡ/ | endhog /ənɖɔɡ/ | ꦲꦼꦟ꧀ꦝꦺꦴꦒ꧀ /əɳɖoɡ/ | hintalu /hintalu/ | teloq /təloʔ/ | taluh /taluh/ | endog /əndɔɡ/ |
| Orso | bruwang /bruwaŋ/ | bruwang /bruwaŋ/ | ꦧꦂꦮꦁ /barwaŋ/ | biruang /biruaŋ/ | beruang /bəruaŋ/ | beruang /bəruaŋ/ | biruang /biruaŋ/ |
| Cavallo | jaran /dʒaran/ | jaran /dʒaran/ | ꦏꦸꦢ /kuda/ | kuda /kuda/ | jaran /dʒaran/ | jaran /dʒaran/ | kuda /kuda/ |
| Casa | omah /omah/ | omah /omah/ | ꦈꦩꦃ /umah/ | rumah /rumah/ | bale /bale/ | umah /umah/ | imah /imah/ |
| Latte | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | ꦱꦸꦱꦸ /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ |
| Miele | madu /madu/ | madu /madu/ | ꦩꦣꦸ /madu/ | madu /madu/ | madu /madu/ | madu /madu/ | madu /madu/ |
| Sale | uyah /ujah/ | uyah /ujah/ | ꦈꦪꦃ /ujah/ | uyah /ujah/ | sie /siə/ | uyah /ujah/ | uyah /ujah/ |
| Vino | anggur /aŋɡur/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ | — | anggur /aŋɡur/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ |
| Riso | beras /bəras/ | beras /bəras/ | ꦧꦿꦱ꧀ /bras/ | baras /baras/ | beras /bəras/ | baas /baʔas/ | béas /beas/ |
| Ferro | wesi /wəsi/ | wesi /ˈwəsi/ | ꦮꦼꦱꦶ /wəsi/ | wasi /ˈwasi/ | besi /bəsi/ | besi /bəsi/ | beusi /bɯsi/ |
| Ruota | rodha /rɔɖɔ/ | rodha /rɔɖɔ/ | ꦕꦏꦿ /tʃakra/ | roda /roda/ | gegiling /ɡəɡiliŋ/ | roda /roda/ | roda /roda/ |
| Seta | sutra /sutrɔ/ | sutra /ˈsutrɔ/ | ꦱꦸꦠꦿ /sutra/ | sutra /sutra/ | sutre /sutrə/ | sutra /sutra/ | sutra /ˈsutra/ |
| Libro | buku /buku/ | buku /ˈbuku/ | ꦥꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦏ /pustaka/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /ˈbuku/ |
| Mangiare | mangan /maŋan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | ꦄꦩꦔꦤ꧀ /amaŋan/ | makan /makan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | ngajeng /ŋadʒeŋ/ | dahar /dahar/ |
| Bere | ngombé /ŋombe/ | ngombe /ŋombe/ | ꦄꦩꦶꦤꦸꦩ꧀ /aminum/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | nginem /ŋinəm/ | nginem /ŋinem/ | nginum /ŋinum/ |
| Dormire | turu /turu/ | turu /turu/ | ꦠꦸꦫꦸ /turu/ | guring /ɡuriŋ/ | tindoq /tindoʔ/ | pules /ˈpules/ | saré /sare/ |
| Uno | siji /sidʒi/ | siji /sidʒi/ | ꦌꦏ /eka/ | asa /asa/ | sekéq /səkeʔ/ | besik /besik/ | hiji /hidʒi/ |
| Due | loro /lɔrɔ/ | loro /ˈlɔrɔ/ | ꦫ꧀ꦮ /rwa/ | dua /dua/ | due /duə/ | dua /dua/ | dua /duwa/ |
| Tre | telu /təlu/ | telu /təlu/ | ꦠꦼꦭꦸ /təlu/ | talu /talu/ | telu /təlu/ | telu /təlu/ | tilu /tilu/ |
| Quattro | papat /papat/ | papat /papat/ | ꦥꦠ꧀ /pat/ | ampat /ampat/ | empat /əmpat/ | papat /papat/ | opat /opat/ |
| Cinque | lima /ˈlimɔ/ | lima /lɪmɔ/ | ꦭꦶꦩ /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /limə/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Cento | satus /satus/ | satus /satus/ | ꦱꦠꦸꦱ꧀ /satus/ | saratus /saratus/ | satus /satus/ | satus /satus/ | saratus /saratus/ |
| Ciao | halo /halo/ | halo /halo/ | ꦫꦲꦪꦸ /rahaju/ | salam /salam/ | salam /salam/ | om swastiastu /om swastiastu/ | sampurasun /sampurasun/ |
| Grazie | matur nuwun /matur nuwun/ | matur nuwun /matur nuwun/ | ꦤꦸꦮꦸꦤ꧀ /nuwun/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | tampi asih /tampi asih/ | matur suksma /matur suksma/ | hatur nuhun /hatur nuhun/ |
| Buono | apik /apik/ | apik /apik/ | ꦲꦪꦸ /haju/ | bagus /baɡus/ | solah /solah/ | becik /betʃik/ | hadé /hade/ |
| Nuovo | anyar /aɲar/ | anyar /aɲar/ | ꦲꦚꦂ /haɲar/ | hanyar /haɲar/ | baru /baru/ | anyar /aɲar/ | anyar /aɲar/ |
| Rosso | abang /abaŋ/ | abang /abaŋ/ | ꦄꦧꦁ /abaŋ/ | habang /habaŋ/ | beaq /beaʔ/ | barak /barak/ | beureum /bərəum/ |
| Bianco | putih /putih/ | putih /putɪh/ | ꦥꦸꦠꦶꦃ /putih/ | putih /putih/ | putiq /putiʔ/ | putih /putih/ | bodas /bodas/ |
| Nero | ireng /irəŋ/ | ireng /irəŋ/ | ꦲꦶꦉꦁ /hirəŋ/ | hirang /hiraŋ/ | bideng /bidəŋ/ | selem /sələm/ | hideung /hidəuŋ/ |
| Verde | ijo /idʒo/ | ijo /ˈidʒo/ | ꦲꦶꦗꦺꦴ /hidʒo/ | hijau /hidʒau/ | ijo /idʒo/ | gadang /ɡadaŋ/ | héjo /ˈhedʒo/ |
| Blu | biru /biru/ | biru /biru/ | — | biru /biru/ | biru /biru/ | pelung /pəluŋ/ | bulao /bulao/ |
| 99 | sangang puluh sanga /saŋaŋ puluh sɔŋɔ/ | sangang puluh sanga /saŋaŋ puluh sɔŋɔ/ | — | sambilan puluh sambilan /sambilan puluh sambilan/ | siwaq pulu siwaq /siwaʔ pulu siwaʔ/ | sangang dasa sia /saŋaŋ dasa sia/ | salapan puluh salapan /salapan puluh salapan/ |
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