KʌThemnɛ
Themne
atlantico-congo (Mel)
Il themne (KʌThemnɛ) è una delle due maggiori lingue della Sierra Leone insieme al mende, con ~1,5 milioni di parlanti nella metà settentrionale del paese (distretti di Bombali, Tonkolili, Port Loko, Kambia, Karene). Parte del ramo mel dell'atlantico-congo (niger-congo), non è imparentato con la maggior parte delle altre principali lingue dell'Africa occidentale — le lingue mel sono limitate a Sierra Leone, Liberia e aree adiacenti. Possiede un sistema grammaticale di classi nominali marcato da prefissi di classe (kʌ-, ka-, m-, ecc.) tipico dell'atlantico-congo. Lingua tonale. I themne furono una delle principali entità politiche precoloniali della zona; oggi i parlanti themne costituiscono un'importante componente politica e culturale in Sierra Leone.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in themne
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: atlantico-congo (Mel)
| Significato | Themne | Maninka orientale | Bambara | Bulu | Fang | Cham occidentale | Dyula |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | mant /mant/ | ji /dʒi/ | ji /dʒi/ | mendim /mendim/ | mendim /mendim/ | ايا /ja/ | ji /dʒi/ |
| Fuoco | nant /nant/ | ta /ta/ | tasuma /tasuma/ | nduan /nduan/ | nduan /nduan/ | افوي /apuei/ | tasuma /tasuma/ |
| Sole | aret /aret/ | tele /tele/ | tile /tile/ | jôp /dʒɔp/ | zòp /zòp/ | أديتياء /aditiak/ | tile /tile/ |
| Luna | aŋof /aŋof/ | karo /karo/ | kalo /kalo/ | ngon /ŋɡon/ | ngɔn /ŋɡɔn/ | بيلن /bilan/ | kalo /kalo/ |
| Stella | akɔs /akɔs/ | lolo /lolo/ | dolo /dòlo/ | ôtɛtɛ /ɔtɛtɛ/ | ótéteŋ /ótéteŋ/ | فتاۛء /patɨʔ/ | lolo /lolo/ |
| Notte | a-ren /arɛn/ | su /su/ | su /su/ | alu /alu/ | alu /alu/ | مالم /malam/ | su /su/ |
| Pioggia | kʌ-ɔm /kʌɔm/ | sanji /sandʒi/ | sanji /ˈsandʒi/ | mveŋ /mveŋ/ | mveng /mveŋ/ | — | sanji /ˈsandʒi/ |
| Vento | a-fef /afef/ | fɔɲɔ /fɔɲɔ/ | fiɲɛ /fiɲɛ/ | évuŋulu /evuŋulu/ | mfongha /mfoŋa/ | أڠين /aŋin/ | fɔɲɔ /fɔɲɔ/ |
| Terra | ʌ-thɔf /ʌt̪ɔf/ | duukolo /duːkolo/ | dugukolo /duɡukolo/ | si /si/ | si /si/ | تانه /tanah/ | dugukolo /duɡukolo/ |
| Pietra | asar /asar/ | kaba /kaba/ | kaba /kaba/ | akok /akok/ | akok /akok/ | فتاو /patau/ | kabakuru /kabakuru/ |
| Montagna | a-rɔŋ /arɔŋ/ | kɔnkɛ /kɔŋkɛ/ | kulu /kulu/ | nkôl /ŋkɔl/ | nkol /ŋkol/ | — | kulu /kulu/ |
| Mare | kʌ-baŋ /kʌbaŋ/ | kɔɔji /kɔːdʒi/ | kɔgɔji /kɔɡɔdʒi/ | maŋ /maŋ/ | mang /maŋ/ | — | kɔgɔji /kɔɡɔdʒi/ |
| Madre | ya /ja/ | ba /ba/ | ba /ba/ | nyia /ɲia/ | nyia /ɲia/ | ماي /mai/ | ba /ba/ |
| Padre | pa /pa/ | fa /fa/ | fa /fa/ | tata /tata/ | tara /tara/ | أمآ /amaː/ | fa /fa/ |
| Figlia | ɔwan ubɛra /ɔwan ubɛra/ | denmuso /dɛnmuso/ | denmuso /dɛnmuso/ | ngone /ŋɡone/ | ngoan /ŋɡoan/ | — | denmuso /denmuso/ |
| Io | mi /mi/ | ne /ne/ | ne /nè/ | ma /má/ | me /me/ | كاو /kɔw/ | n /ŋ́/ |
| Tu | mʌ /mʌ/ | i /i/ | i /í/ | wô /wɔ/ | wè /wè/ | هاۛ /hɨ/ | i /í/ |
| Noi | sa /sa/ | an /an/ | an /án/ | bia /bja/ | bie /bje/ | دري /drej/ | an /án/ |
| Nome | es /ɛs/ | tɔɔ /tɔː/ | tɔgɔ /tɔ̀ɡɔ/ | jôé /dʒɔe/ | eyola /ejola/ | أڠن /aŋan/ | tɔgɔ /tɔ́ɡɔ/ |
| Persona | ɔwuni /ɔwuni/ | mɔɔ /mɔː/ | mɔgɔ /mɔ̀ɡɔ/ | môt /mɔt/ | mot /mɔt/ | — | mɔgɔ /mɔ̀ɡɔ/ |
| Testa | ra-bomp /rabomp/ | kun /kũ/ | kun /kun/ | nlô /nlɔ/ | nlo /nlɔ/ | — | kunkolo /kunkolo/ |
| Occhio | ra-fɔr /rafɔr/ | ɲa /ɲa/ | ɲɛ /ɲɛ/ | dis /dis/ | dis /dis/ | متا /mata/ | ɲɛ /ɲɛ/ |
| Orecchio | a-lens /alɛns/ | tolo /tolo/ | tulo /tulo/ | alo /alo/ | alo /alo/ | — | tulo /tulo/ |
| Naso | a-sot /asot/ | nun /nũ/ | nun /nũ/ | — | dzu /dzu/ | — | nun /nũ/ |
| Bocca | kʌ-səŋ /kʌsəŋ/ | da /da/ | da /da/ | anyu /aɲu/ | anyu /aɲu/ | — | da /da/ |
| Dente | a-sek /asɛk/ | ɲin /ɲĩ/ | ɲin /ɲĩ/ | asoŋ /asoŋ/ | asoŋ /asoŋ/ | تڬي /taɡɛj/ | ɲin /ɲĩ/ |
| Lingua | a-mer /amɛr/ | nɛn /nɛn/ | nɛn /nɛn/ | ôyem /ɔjem/ | ôyem /ojəm/ | دله /dalah/ | nɛn /nɛn/ |
| Mano | kʌ-ta /kʌta/ | bolo /bolo/ | bolo /bolo/ | wo /wo/ | wɔ /wɔ/ | تاڠين /taŋin/ | bolo /bolo/ |
| Piede | ka-tək /katək/ | sen /sen/ | sen /sèn/ | abo /abo/ | abo /abɔ/ | تاكاي /takai/ | sen /sen/ |
| Cuore | ka-yɔn /kajɔn/ | jusu /dʒusu/ | dusu /dusu/ | nlem /nlem/ | nnem /nnəm/ | هتاي /hatai/ | dusu /dusu/ |
| Osso | a-bant /abant/ | kolo /kolo/ | kolo /kolo/ | évés /eves/ | ves /ves/ | تلڠ /talaŋ/ | kolo /kolo/ |
| Sangue | machir /matʃir/ | jeli /dʒeli/ | joli /dʒoli/ | metyi /metʃi/ | meki /meki/ | دره /darah/ | joli /dʒoli/ |
| Cacca | e-nin /enin/ | bo /bo/ | bo /bo/ | mebi /mebi/ | mebi /mebi/ | — | bo /bo/ |
| Amore | ka-haŋkə /kahaŋkə/ | kanin /kanĩ/ | kanu /kanu/ | nyeʼa /ɲeʔa/ | ndzem /ndzem/ | ڬاوه /ɡauh/ | kanu /kanu/ |
| Albero | kʌ-ant /kʌant/ | yiri /jiɾi/ | jiri /dʒiri/ | élé /ele/ | eli /eli/ | كايو /kajuv/ | yiri /jiri/ |
| Cane | tən /tən/ | wulu /wulu/ | wulu /wulu/ | mvu /mvu/ | mvu /mvu/ | أتحو /atʰuv/ | wulu /wulu/ |
| Gatto | ayari /ajari/ | ɲaari /ɲaːri/ | jakuma /dʒakuma/ | esinga /esiŋɡa/ | esin /esin/ | ميٛو /meuv/ | jakuma /dʒakuma/ |
| Pesce | a-lop /alɔp/ | jɛɛ /dʒɛː/ | jɛgɛ /dʒɛɡɛ/ | kos /kos/ | kos /kos/ | كان /kan/ | jɛgɛ /dʒɛɡɛ/ |
| Uccello | abamp /abamp/ | kɔnɔ /kɔnɔ/ | kɔnɔ /kɔnɔ/ | anon /anɔn/ | anon /anɔn/ | — | kɔnɔ /kɔnɔ/ |
| Farfalla | atatka /atatka/ | firinfirinlen /fiɾinfiɾinlen/ | nfirinfirin /nfirinfirin/ | évulabebas /evulabebas/ | evulabeba /evulabeba/ | — | firinfirin /firinfirin/ |
| Uovo | ra-mɛs /ramɛs/ | kili /kili/ | shɛfan /ʃɛfã/ | aki /aki/ | aki /aki/ | بوه /boh/ | sisɛfan /sisɛfã/ |
| Cavallo | asoe /asoe/ | so /so/ | so /so/ | ékabela /ekabela/ | nkabele /ŋkabele/ | — | so /so/ |
| Casa | anseth /anset̪/ | bon /bon/ | so /so/ | nda /nda/ | nda /nda/ | تحاڠ /tʰaŋ/ | so /so/ |
| Latte | ma-nɔnɔ /manɔnɔ/ | nɔnɔ /nɔnɔ/ | nɔnɔ /nɔnɔ/ | menyaŋ /meɲaŋ/ | menyang /meɲaŋ/ | — | nɔnɔ /nɔnɔ/ |
| Miele | ra-mai /ramai/ | li /li/ | di /di/ | wôé /wɔe/ | — | — | li /li/ |
| Sale | mɛr /mɛr/ | kɔɔ /kɔː/ | kɔgɔ /kɔɡɔ/ | nku /ŋku/ | nku /ŋku/ | — | kɔgɔ /kɔɡɔ/ |
| Vino | mawain /mawain/ | — | diwɛn /diwɛn/ | woon /woːn/ | vino /vino/ | — | divɛn /divɛ̃/ |
| Riso | pa-la /pala/ | malo /malo/ | malo /malo/ | ôlis /ɔlis/ | oles /oles/ | — | malo /malo/ |
| Ferro | a-fat /afat/ | nɛɛ /nɛː/ | nɛgɛ /nɛɡɛ/ | étyé /etʃe/ | ekyeñ /ekjɛɲ/ | — | nɛgɛ /nɛɡɛ/ |
| Libro | kafa /kafa/ | gbafe /ɡbafe/ | gafe /ɡafe/ | kalate /kalate/ | — | — | gafe /ɡafe/ |
| Mangiare | di /di/ | domun /domũ/ | dun /dũ/ | di /di/ | di /di/ | هواء /huak/ | dun /dun/ |
| Bere | mun /mun/ | min /min/ | min /min/ | nyu /ɲu/ | nyu /ɲu/ | ماوم /maum/ | min /min/ |
| Dormire | dira /dira/ | sunɔɔ /sunɔː/ | sunɔgɔ /sunɔɡɔ/ | — | — | — | sunɔgɔ /sunɔɡɔ/ |
| Uno | piɲ /piɲ/ | kelen /kelen/ | kelen /kelen/ | fok /fok/ | bok /bok/ | تحا /tʰa/ | kelen /kelen/ |
| Due | pə-rəŋ /pərəŋ/ | fila /fila/ | fila /fìla/ | bɛ̌ /bɛ̌/ | bɛ̀ /bɛ̀/ | ڎوا /ɗuə/ | fila /fìla/ |
| Tre | pə-sas /pəsas/ | saba /saba/ | saba /saba/ | láá /laː/ | lɛ́ɛ́ /lɛː/ | كلاو /klaw/ | saba /saba/ |
| Quattro | pa-nlɛ /panlɛ/ | naani /naːni/ | naani /naːni/ | nyin /ɲin/ | nyin /ɲiːɲ/ | — | naani /naːni/ |
| Cinque | tamath /tamat̪/ | loolu /loːlu/ | duuru /duːru/ | tan /tan/ | tan /tan/ | لاماۛ /lamɨː/ | duuru /dúːru/ |
| Cento | kɛmɛ /kɛmɛ/ | kɛmɛ /kɛmɛ/ | kɛmɛ /kɛmɛ/ | ntet /ntet/ | ntɛt /ntɛ̀t/ | — | kɛmɛ /kɛ̀mɛ́/ |
| Ciao | seke /seke/ | i ni se /i ni se/ | i ni ce /i ni tʃɛ/ | mbolo /mbolo/ | mbolo /mbolo/ | سلام /salam/ | i ni sɔgɔma /i ni sɔɡɔma/ |
| Grazie | sɔŋ /sɔŋ/ | i ni ce /i ni tʃe/ | i ni ce /i ni tʃɛ/ | akiba /akiba/ | akiba /akiba/ | تريما كاسيه /tarima kasiʔ/ | i ni ce /i ni tʃe/ |
| Buono | finɔ /finɔ/ | ka ɲi /ka ɲi/ | ka ɲi /ka ɲi/ | mbamba /mbamba/ | mbeng /mbeŋ/ | سيام /siam/ | ɲuman /ɲuman/ |
| Nuovo | fu /fu/ | kuda /kuda/ | kura /kura/ | mfefé /mfefe/ | nféféñ /nféféɲ/ | باهاو /bahau/ | kura /kura/ |
| Rosso | yim /jim/ | wulen /wulen/ | bilen /bilen/ | évele /evele/ | vele /vələ/ | ماۛرياه /mɨriah/ | bilen /bilen/ |
| Bianco | fera /fera/ | gbɛ /ɡbɛ/ | jɛ /dʒɛ/ | éfumulu /efumulu/ | fum /fum/ | — | gwɛ /ɡwɛ/ |
| Nero | bi /bi/ | fin /fin/ | fin /fin/ | évindi /evindi/ | vine /vine/ | — | fin /fin/ |
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