Qom
Lingua toba
Guaicuruan
Il toba (autonimo Qom) è una lingua guaicuru del Gran Chaco parlata da circa 120.000 persone, soprattutto nelle province argentine di Chaco, Formosa e Salta, con comunità in Paraguay e Bolivia. È una delle lingue indigene più vitali della regione — usata nell'istruzione bilingue e alla radio — ed è strettamente imparentata con pilagá e mocoví.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in lingua toba
Fonti
- UT Austin Hunter-Gatherer Language Database #391 (Toba)
- Glottolog toba1269; ISO 639-3 tob
- Speaker estimate: Ethnologue / INDEC (Argentina)
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: Guaicuruan
| Significato | Lingua toba | Lingua pilagá | Lingua mocoví | Lingua chorote | Lingua nivaclé | Lingua trumai | Lingua baniwa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | ʔetaʁat /ʔetaʁat/ | noʁop /noʁop/ | waʁajaq /waʁajaq/ | anat /anat/ | inɔʔt /inɔʔt/ | misu /misu/ | óoni /óoni/ |
| Fuoco | nodek /nodek/ | doleʔ /doleʔ/ | norek /norek/ | etjeʔ /etjeʔ/ | itɔx /itɔx/ | so /so/ | ttídzee /t̪ídzee/ |
| Sole | nalaʔ /nalaʔ/ | kʔatena /kʔatena/ | raʔaasa /raʔaasa/ | kilaj /kilaj/ | xunkuklaʔj /xunkuklaʔj/ | atetla /atetla/ | kámoi /kámoi/ |
| Luna | kaʔagoʁoik /kaʔaɡoʁoik/ | ʔawoʁoik /ʔawoʁoik/ | ʃiraigo /ʃiraiɡo/ | weʔla /weʔla/ | xiweʔkla /xiweʔkla/ | atetlpak /atetlpak/ | kéeri /kéeɻi/ |
| Stella | waqahɲi /waqahɲi/ | waqtʃiɲi /waqtʃiɲi/ | waqahɲi /waqahɲi/ | kates /kates/ | katiʔs /katiʔs/ | asih /asih/ | hiwírhi /hiwíɻhi/ |
| Notte | pe /pe/ | piʔjaq /piʔjaq/ | pe /pe/ | axnax /axnax/ | tuɬ /tuɬ/ | ʃanixnis /ʃanixnis/ | déepi /déepi/ |
| Pioggia | awot /awot/ | wetep /wetep/ | jaʁat /jaʁat/ | pexla /pexla/ | tʃanu /tʃanu/ | kʔawixu /kʔawixu/ | íidza /íidza/ |
| Neve | aloɲi /aloɲi/ | loɲi /loɲi/ | loɲi /loɲi/ | fʷijit injuneʔ /fʷijit injuneʔ/ | jekleʃe /jekleʃe/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Vento | lʔat /lʔat/ | lajat /lajat/ | nonot /nonot/ | laxwu /laxwu/ | ɬawiʔm /ɬawiʔm/ | sut /sut/ | káwaaɺe /káwaaɺe/ |
| Terra | ʔalwa /ʔalwa/ | ʔalewa /ʔalewa/ | ʔlawa /ʔlawa/ | axnat /axnat/ | kotsxaʔt /kotsxaʔt/ | tenexne /tenexne/ | híipai /híipai/ |
| Pietra | qaʔ /qaʔ/ | qaʔ /qaʔ/ | qaʔ /qaʔ/ | poj /poj/ | utex /utex/ | itak /itak/ | hiipada /hiipada/ |
| Montagna | qasoʁonaʁa /qasoʁonaʁa/ | qasoʁonaʁa /qasoʁonaʁa/ | soʁonaʁa /soʁonaʁa/ | takixnakiʔ /takixnakiʔ/ | utejuk /utejuk/ | — | hidzápa /hidzápa/ |
| Mare | awaʁai /awaʁai/ | waʁai /waʁai/ | waaʁai /waaʁai/ | — | ɬkatsʼi towkojtsa /ɬkatsʼi towkojtsa/ | — | — |
| Madre | lateʔe /lateʔe/ | latʔe /latʔe/ | lateʔe /lateʔe/ | meme /meme/ | mimi /mimi/ | atle /atle/ | hádoa /hádoa/ |
| Padre | ltaʔa /ltaʔa/ | letʔa /letʔa/ | letaʔa /letaʔa/ | naʔ /naʔ/ | tata /tata/ | ao /ao/ | hániɻi /hániɻi/ |
| Figlia | liale /liale/ | lekʔoqte /lekʔoqte/ | lʲaale /lʲaale/ | axseʔ /axseʔ/ | ɔse /ɔse/ | atadi /atadi/ | — |
| Io | ajim /ajim/ | hajim /hajim/ | ajim /ajim/ | jem /jem/ | jiwaatʃa /jiwaatʃa/ | ha /ha/ | nhóa /nhóa/ |
| Tu | ʔam /ʔam/ | ʔam /ʔam/ | qamiʔ /qamiʔ/ | am /am/ | awaatʃa /awaatʃa/ | hi /hi/ | phía /pʰía/ |
| Noi | qomiʔ /qomiʔ/ | qoʔmi /qoʔmi/ | qomiʔ /qomiʔ/ | sam /sam/ | kaswaatʃa / jiwaatʃeeɬ /kaswaatʃa / jiwaatʃeeɬ/ | ka wan / ha wan /ka wan / ha wan/ | wha /wha/ |
| Nome | lʔenaʁat /lʔenaʁat/ | lenaʁat /lenaʁat/ | leenaʁat /leenaʁat/ | ej /ej/ | ej /ej/ | taak /taak/ | iipítana /iipítana/ |
| Persona | ʃijaʁawa /ʃijaʁawa/ | sijaʁawa /sijaʁawa/ | qom leʔek /qom leʔek/ | injoʔ /injoʔ/ | niwakle /niwakle/ | iau /iau/ | newíki /newíki/ |
| Testa | lqaik /lqaik/ | laqaik /laqaik/ | lqahik /lqahik/ | xetek /xetek/ | ʃatitʃ /ʃatitʃ/ | kut /kut/ | hiwída /hiwída/ |
| Occhio | lʔaite /lʔaite/ | lʔaite /lʔaite/ | nqote /nqote/ | tateʔ /tateʔ/ | tɔsex /tɔsex/ | xon /xon/ | thi /thi/ |
| Orecchio | ltela /ltela/ | leketela /leketela/ | lkeʔla /lkeʔla/ | kjoteʔ /kjoteʔ/ | kfeʔ /kfeʔ/ | faptɨ /faptɨ/ | héeni /héeni/ |
| Naso | lmik /lmik/ | limik /limik/ | limik /limik/ | xnatowo /xnatowo/ | naʔʃ /naʔʃ/ | laʃa /laʃa/ | hitáko /hitáko/ |
| Bocca | alap /alap/ | nedegaʁat /nedeɡaʁat/ | lap /lap/ | aj /aj/ | aʃi /aʃi/ | xop /xop/ | nóma /nóma/ |
| Dente | lwe /lwe/ | lodaite /lodaite/ | lowe /lowe/ | afʷeʔ /afʷeʔ/ | tsewte /tsewte/ | iʃa /iʃa/ | eétsha /eétʃa/ |
| Lingua | latʃaʁat /latʃaʁat/ | latʃaʁat /latʃaʁat/ | loʔlegaʁanaʁat /loʔleɡaʁanaʁat/ | kax /kax/ | tʃʼakletʃ /tʃʼakletʃ/ | ano /ano/ | eenéne /eenéne/ |
| Mano | lwaq /lwaq/ | lowaq /lowaq/ | lqaiʔlaʁat /lqaiʔlaʁat/ | kjoj /kjoj/ | pɔʔkɔt /pɔʔkɔt/ | kat /kat/ | káapi /káapi/ |
| Piede | lapiaʔ /lapiaʔ/ | lapiaʔ /lapiaʔ/ | lapiaʔ /lapiaʔ/ | kalaʔ /kalaʔ/ | foʔ /foʔ/ | pitsʔ /pitsʔ/ | híipa /híipa/ |
| Cuore | lkidʒaqte /lkidʒaqte/ | likidiaqte /likidiaqte/ | leʔtaʁanata /leʔtaʁanata/ | oxtaleʔ /oxtaleʔ/ | ɬiʔwte /ɬiʔwte/ | hotʔaput /hotʔaput/ | kaale /kaaɺe/ |
| Osso | piʔinek /piʔinek/ | pʔinek /pʔinek/ | piʔnek /piʔnek/ | weʔlak /weʔlak/ | nuʔ /nuʔ/ | daʃ /daʃ/ | áapi /áapi/ |
| Sangue | ltagoʔq /ltaɡoʔq/ | letawoʔ /letawoʔ/ | lewoʔ /lewoʔ/ | wojis /wojis/ | wojej /wojej/ | du /du/ | iiránaa /iiɻánaa/ |
| Cacca | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Amore | lsoʁodʒik /lsoʁodʒik/ | noqpita /noqpita/ | iʔʁoren /iʔʁoren/ | soon /soon/ | — /—/ | puʔdits /puʔdits/ | — /—/ |
| Albero | ʔipaq /ʔipaq/ | ʔepaq /ʔepaq/ | qoʔpaq /qoʔpaq/ | alaʔ /alaʔ/ | aʔkxutajuk /aʔkxutajuk/ | dei /dei/ | háiko /háiko/ |
| Cane | pioq /pioq/ | pioq /pioq/ | pioq /pioq/ | noʔo /noʔo/ | nuʔu /nuʔu/ | kasoro /kasoro/ | tsíino /tsíino/ |
| Gatto | miitʃa /miitʃa/ | mitʃa /mitʃa/ | regaatolek /reɡaatolek/ | tinuk /tinuk/ | tanuk /tanuk/ | — /—/ | pitsána /pitsána/ |
| Pesce | njaq /njaq/ | nijaq /nijaq/ | nalʲin /nalʲin/ | sijus /sijus/ | saxetʃ /saxetʃ/ | kaʔte /kaʔte/ | kóphe /kúpʰe/ |
| Uccello | qojo /qojo/ | majoʔ /majoʔ/ | ajo /ajo/ | afʷena /afʷena/ | ɔxɔklɔ /ɔxɔklɔ/ | uraʔi /uraʔi/ | áadaro /áadaɻo/ |
| Farfalla | toʁotoq /toʁotoq/ | petooloʁol /peˈtoːloʁol/ | paare /ˈpaːre/ | kopijeʔ /kopijeʔ/ | wosok /wosok/ | tumu tumu /tumu tumu/ | makálo /makálo/ |
| Uovo | lkoʔoweʔ /lkoʔoweʔ/ | lekʔoweʔ /lekʔoweʔ/ | lkoʔweʔ /lkoʔweʔ/ | leʔkjuʔ /leʔkjuʔ/ | ɬʃajkʼu /ɬʃajkʼu/ | taf /taf/ | éewhe /éewhe/ |
| Orso | oso /oso/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Cavallo | kaajo /kaajo/ | pegaq /peɡaq/ | ʃipgaq /ʃipɡaq/ | alenta /alenta/ | kuwɔju /kuwɔju/ | — | — |
| Casa | nojik /nojik/ | ʔemek /ʔemek/ | ʔimek /ʔimek/ | sawo /sawo/ | xpɔjitʃ /xpɔjitʃ/ | dat /dat/ | pántti /pánt̪i/ |
| Latte | ltʃiʔ /ltʃiʔ/ | lotʃiʔ /lotʃiʔ/ | loʔiʔ /loʔiʔ/ | kajtjos /kajtjos/ | tsʼoʔs /tsʼoʔs/ | — | — |
| Miele | dapik /dapik/ | maʔage liʔi /maʔaɡe liʔi/ | rapik liʔi /rapik liʔi/ | wonateʔ /wonateʔ/ | akɔjetʃ /akɔjetʃ/ | aus tsʔa /aus tsʔa/ | doni /doni/ |
| Sale | towe /towe/ | qaaʔnowa /qaaʔnowa/ | ʔwe /ʔwe/ | sifʷoniʔ /sifʷoniʔ/ | naʔpkutax /naʔpkutax/ | iakɨr /iakɨr/ | íiwi /íiwi/ |
| Vino | lataʁa /lataʁa/ | lataʁa /lataʁa/ | lataʁa /lataʁa/ | — | ɔtxajetax tʼiʔ /ɔtxajetax tʼiʔ/ | — | — |
| Ruota | lasaʁanna /lasaʁanna/ | nesaʁalena /nesaʁalena/ | lasaʁalona /lasaʁalona/ | xikalaʔ /xikalaʔ/ | tononontax ɬafoʔ /tononontax ɬafoʔ/ | — | — |
| Libro | lede /lede/ | lede /lede/ | nelere /nelere/ | xokinek /xokinek/ | watkʼisxajanatʃ /watkʼisxajanatʃ/ | — | — |
| Mangiare | dekeʔe /dekeʔe/ | dekeʔe /dekeʔe/ | keʔe /keʔe/ | jekjun /jekjun/ | tux /tux/ | ma /ma/ | íiñha /íiɲha/ |
| Bere | njom /njom/ | nijom /nijom/ | neʔet /neʔet/ | je /je/ | jɔʔ /jɔʔ/ | sone /sone/ | íira /íiɻa/ |
| Dormire | doʔotʃi /doʔotʃi/ | dʔotʃi /dʔotʃi/ | laq /laq/ | maʔa /maʔa/ | mɔʔ /mɔʔ/ | iotl /iotl/ | ímaa /ímaa/ |
| Uno | ʔoonolek /ʔoonolek/ | ʔoonolek /ʔoonolek/ | ʔona /ʔona/ | ifʷjenni /ifʷjenni/ | weʔɬa /weʔɬa/ | mihin /mihin/ | aapa /aapa/ |
| Due | doosolqa /doosolqa/ | doosolqa /doosolqa/ | doosolqaiʔ /doosolqaiʔ/ | intak /intak/ | napuʔ /napuʔ/ | uuʃ /uuʃ/ | dzáma /dzáma/ |
| Tre | treesolqa /treesolqa/ | treesolqa /treesolqa/ | treesolqaiʔ /treesolqaiʔ/ | iwjeʔtsjela /iwjeʔtsjela/ | puʔxaʔna /puʔxaʔna/ | uʃtaxme /uʃtaxme/ | madali /madali/ |
| Quattro | kowaatro /kowaatro/ | kwaatrolqa /kwaatrolqa/ | kwaatrolqaiʔ /kwaatrolqaiʔ/ | pawlitsiʔ /pawlitsiʔ/ | jitʃatxuɬ /jitʃatxuɬ/ | — | — |
| Cinque | ʃiinko /ʃiinko/ | — /—/ | ʃiinkolqaiʔ /ʃiinkolqaiʔ/ | ifʷjenni sikjoj itifʷe /ifʷjenni sikjoj itifʷe/ | weʔɬanɔxeʃ /weʔɬanɔxeʃ/ | nekatkelan /nekatkelan/ | — /—/ |
| Cento | ʃien /ʃien/ | sien jʔaʁaik /sien jʔaʁaik/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Ciao | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Grazie | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Buono | noʔon /noʔon/ | nʔoota /nʔoota/ | noʔwen /noʔwen/ | es /es/ | is /is/ | deta /deta/ | mátsia /mátsia/ |
| Nuovo | dalaʁaik /dalaʁaik/ | dalaʁaik /dalaʁaik/ | dalaʁaik /dalaʁaik/ | inkjeʔ /inkjeʔ/ | nitʃʼa /nitʃʼa/ | xodae /xodae/ | éemi /éemi/ |
| Rosso | tok /tok/ | toomaʁadaik /toomaʁadaik/ | tok /tok/ | isjet /isjet/ | juk /juk/ | tsiomat /tsiomat/ | íirai /íiɻai/ |
| Bianco | japagaq /japaɡaq/ | japagaq /japaɡaq/ | jalagaq /jalaɡaq/ | lemiʔ /lemiʔ/ | klim /klim/ | tsitore /tsitore/ | háale /háaɺe/ |
| Nero | naweʔ /naweʔ/ | leedaʁaik /leedaʁaik/ | naweʔ /naweʔ/ | tula /tula/ | jakut /jakut/ | tsidat /tsidat/ | íitta /íit̪a/ |
| Verde | dadala /dadala/ | dadala /dadala/ | radala /radala/ | watso /watso/ | nipewajʃi /nipewajʃi/ | — | hípole /hípole/ |
| Blu | malaʁadaik /malaʁadaik/ | malaʁadaik /malaʁadaik/ | ikolaq /ikolaq/ | lasa /lasa/ | jaka /jaka/ | tsiauu /tsiauu/ | — |
| Cuculo | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Bau bau | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Computer | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Sushi | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Tè | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Zucchero | ʔasooka /ʔasooka/ | ʔasooka /ʔasooka/ | soka /soka/ | titsojinlamak /titsojinlamak/ | tʃʼiʃi /tʃʼiʃi/ | aroxoroxok /aroxoroxok/ | — |
| Arancia | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Dopamina | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Chiocciola (@) | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
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