Walmajarri
pama-nyunga (Ngumpin-Yapa)
Lingua ngumpin-yapa (pama-nyungan) del Great Sandy Desert e della valle del Fitzroy. Il walmajarri è a ergatività scissa (split-ergative) — i pronomi seguono uno schema nominativo-accusativo mentre i nomi sono ergativo-assolutivi — e impiega un ricco sistema di clitici pronominali legati che si attaccano all'ausiliare in seconda posizione, un tratto distintivo delle lingue ngumpin-yapa.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in walmajarri
Fonti
- Hudson, Joyce (1978) The Core of Walmatjari Grammar. AIAS, Canberra.
- Richards, Eirlys & Hudson, Joyce (1990) Walmajarri–English Dictionary. SIL.
- Glottolog: Walmajarri
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: pama-nyunga (Ngumpin-Yapa)
| Significato | Walmajarri | Warlpiri | Dyirbal | Martu wangka | Warnman | Nhanda | Pitjantjatjara |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | ngapa /ˈŋapa/ | ngapa /ŋapa/ | bana /ˈbana/ | kapi /kapi/ | kalyu /kaʎu/ | kapi /kapi/ | kapi /kapi/ |
| Fuoco | warlu /ˈwaɭu/ | warlu /waɭu/ | buni /ˈbuni/ | waru /waɻu/ | nguja /ŋuɟa/ | warla /waɻla/ | waru /waɻu/ |
| Sole | purangu /puɻaŋu/ | wanta /wanta/ | garri /ˈɡari/ | jirntu /ciɳʈu/ | karrpu /karpu/ | wurʼa /wuɾʔa/ | tjintu /cintu/ |
| Luna | yakarn /jakaɳ/ | kirntangi /kiɳʈaŋi/ | gagara /ɡaˈɡara/ | panyalpa /paɲalpa/ | panyalpa /paɲalpa/ | kanyala /kaɲala/ | pira /piɻa/ |
| Stella | wirl /wiɭ/ | yanjilypiri /jaɲɟiʎpiɻi/ | gijiny /ɡiɟiɲ/ | kurtalya /kuʈaʎa/ | kurtalya /kuʈaʎa/ | indiya /indija/ | kililpil /kiˈlilpil/ |
| Notte | pukanya /pukaɲa/ | munga /muŋa/ | jagun /ɟaɡun/ | munga /muŋa/ | payin /pajin/ | maru /maru/ | munga /muŋa/ |
| Pioggia | ngapa /ˈŋapa/ | minyira /miɲiɻa/ | gambal /ˈɡambal/ | — | kuluwa /kuluwa/ | pundu /pundu/ | mina /ˈmina/ |
| Vento | walypa /ˈwaʎpa/ | warlpa /waɭpa/ | gulubu /ˈɡulubu/ | walypa /waʎpa/ | karlalarra /kaɭalara/ | uudinu /uudinu/ | walpa /walpa/ |
| Terra | nguwa /ˈŋuwa/ | walya /walja/ | jaju /ˈɟaɟu/ | manta /manta/ | langa /laŋa/ | — | manta /manta/ |
| Pietra | pamarr /ˈpamar/ | pirli /piɭi/ | diban /ɟiban/ | yapu /japu/ | purli /puɭi/ | — | apu /apu/ |
| Mare | jawurlata /ˈɟawuɭata/ | mangkuru /maŋkuɻu/ | — | kujungurru /kucuŋuru/ | — | — | uṟu puḻka /uru puɭka/ |
| Madre | ngamaji /ŋaˈmaɟi/ | ngati /ŋati/ | yabu /ˈjabu/ | yipi /jipi/ | pipirnpa /pipiɳpa/ | ngamaji /ŋamadʒi/ | ngunytju /ŋuɲcu/ |
| Padre | ngarpu /ŋaɻpu/ | kirda /kiɖa/ | nguma /ˈŋuma/ | mama /mama/ | mamarnpa /mamaɳpa/ | kuthurra /kutʰuɻa/ | mama /mama/ |
| Figlia | kurntal /ˈkuɳʈal/ | yurntalpa /juɳʈalpa/ | daman /ˈdaman/ | yurntalpa /juɳʈalpa/ | yurntalpa /juɳʈalpa/ | yurdu /juɖu/ | uṉṯal /uɳʈal/ |
| Io | ngaju /ŋaɟu/ | ngaju /ŋaɟu/ | ngaja /ŋaɟa/ | ngayu /ŋaju/ | parra /para/ | ngayi /ŋaji/ | ngayulu /ŋajulu/ |
| Tu | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nginda /ŋinda/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | parrangku /paraŋku/ | nyini /ɲini/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ |
| Noi | ngalimpa / nganimpa /ŋalimpa / ŋanimpa/ | ngalipa / nganimpa /ŋalipa / ŋanimpa/ | ngana /ŋana/ | — /—/ | parrawarta /parawaʈa/ | ngayinu /ŋajinu/ | nganana /ŋanaɳa/ |
| Nome | yini /jini/ | yirdi /jiɖi/ | yidyi /jiɟi/ | yini /jini/ | lirrka /lirka/ | yini /jini/ | ini /ini/ |
| Persona | piyirn /ˈpijiɳ/ | yapa /japa/ | — | martu /maʈu/ | kirta /kiʈa/ | arnmanu /aɳmanu/ | aṉangu /aɳaŋu/ |
| Testa | jurlu /ˈɟuɭu/ | jurru /ɟuru/ | — | kata /kata/ | kata /kata/ | — | kata /kata/ |
| Occhio | mil /mil/ | milpa /milpa/ | gayga /ˈɡajɡa/ | kuru /kuɻu/ | panaya /panaja/ | kuru /kuɻu/ | kuru /kuɻu/ |
| Orecchio | pina /ˈpina/ | langa /laŋa/ | manga /ˈmaŋa/ | pina /pina/ | kurlka /kuɭka/ | wurtka /wuʈka/ | pina /pɪnɐ/ |
| Naso | punul /ˈpunul/ | mulyu /muʎu/ | guwu /ˈɡuwu/ | mulya /muʎa/ | mulya /muʎa/ | muttha /mut̪a/ | mulya /ˈmulja/ |
| Dente | lirra /lira/ | kartirdi /kaʈiɖi/ | dirra /dira/ | yirra /jira/ | yirra /jira/ | idaji /idadʒi/ | katiti /katiti/ |
| Lingua | jalany /ɟalaɲ/ | jalanypa /ɟalaɲpa/ | jalnggulay /ɟalŋɡulaj/ | jarlinypa /caɭiɲpa/ | nyanyjarla /ɲaɲɟaɭa/ | thalanyu /t̪alaɲu/ | tjalinypa /caliɲpa/ |
| Mano | kurrapa /kurapa/ | rdaka /ɖaka/ | mala /ˈmala/ | mara /maɻa/ | mapirrpa /mapirpa/ | mara /maɻa/ | mara /maɻa/ |
| Piede | jina /ˈɟina/ | wirliya /wiɭija/ | jina /ˈɟina/ | jina /cina/ | jina /ɟina/ | yina /jina/ | tjina /cɪnɐ/ |
| Cuore | turlpu /ˈtuɭpu/ | rduku-rduku /ɖukuɖuku/ | rulgu /ˈɻulɡu/ | kurturtu /kuʈuʈu/ | kurturtu /kuʈuʈu/ | pulpara /pulpaɻa/ | kurunpa /kuɻunpa/ |
| Osso | kiji /kiɟi/ | larrpa /laɾpa/ | wurmbur /ˈwurmbur/ | tarrka /tarka/ | yika /jika/ | mambu /mambu/ | tarka /taɻka/ |
| Sangue | nungu /nuŋu/ | yalyu /jaʎu/ | waguli /waɡuli/ | miji /miɟi/ | miji /miɟi/ | nguba /ŋuba/ | milkali /milkali/ |
| Cacca | kura /ˈkuɻa/ | kuna /kuna/ | guna /ɡuna/ | — | murla /muɭa/ | wuna /wuna/ | kuna /kuna/ |
| Amore | — /—/ | yulkami /julkami/ | — /—/ | mukulyu /mukuʎu/ | — /—/ | kanyji /kaɲdʒi/ | mukulya /mukuʎa/ |
| Albero | mana /mana/ | watiya /watija/ | yugu /ˈjuɡu/ | warta /waʈa/ | mungka /muŋka/ | parntany /paɳʈaɲ/ | punu /punu/ |
| Cane | kunyarr /kuˈɲar/ | jarntu /ɟaɳʈu/ | guda /ˈɡuda/ | papa /papa/ | jarntu /ɟaɳʈu/ | kuwiyarl /kuwijaɻl/ | papa /papa/ |
| Gatto | miyawu /mijawu/ | mungalpa /muŋalpa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | pujikatu /puɟikatu/ | paka /paka/ | pusi /pusi/ |
| Pesce | kapi /kapi/ | yawu /jawu/ | jabu /ˈɟabu/ | yurta /juʈa/ | kapi /kapi/ | wiitya /wiːca/ | antipina /antipina/ |
| Uccello | jiriki /ˈɟiɻiki/ | jurlpu /ˈɟuɭpu/ | dundu /ˈdundu/ | pilurnpa /piluɳpa/ | yintajarra /jintaɟara/ | — | tjulpu /ˈcuɭpu/ |
| Farfalla | pirrpirntipirnti /pirpiɳʈipiɳʈi/ | pinta-pinta /pintapinta/ | — | — | wirripintapinta /wiripintapinta/ | ngaabeera /ŋaːbeːra/ | pinta-pinta /pintapinta/ |
| Uovo | kampiny /kampiɲ/ | ngipiri /ŋipiɻi/ | bambu /bambu/ | ngampu /ŋampu/ | ngampu /ŋampu/ | — | ngampu /ŋampu/ |
| Cavallo | timana /ˈtimana/ | nantuwu /nantuwu/ | — | yawarta /jawaʈa/ | — | — | nyanytju /ɲaɲcu/ |
| Casa | mayaru /majaɻu/ | yuwarli /juwaɭi/ | mija /ˈmiɟa/ | ngurra /ŋura/ | maya /maja/ | nhurra /ɳuɻa/ | ngura /ŋuɻa/ |
| Miele | karlaka /ˈkaɭaka/ | ngarlu /ŋaɭu/ | — | karluwari /kaɭuwaɻi/ | — | — | tjuratja /ˈcuɾaca/ |
| Vino | wayin /ˈwajin/ | pama /pama/ | — | wama /wama/ | — | — | waina /waina/ |
| Riso | juraji /ˈɟuɻaɟi/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mangiare | ngarnu /ŋaɳu/ | ngarni /ŋaɳi/ | janggay /ˈɟaŋɡaj/ | ngalku- /ŋalku/ | nyarrarni /ɲaraɳi/ | ngarna /ŋaɻna/ | ngalkuni /ŋalkuni/ |
| Bere | ngarnu /ŋaɳu/ | purrami /puɾami/ | gunyjal /ˈɡuɲɟal/ | jikirnu /cikiɳu/ | jikila /ɟikila/ | nyuna /ɲuna/ | tjikini /cikini/ |
| Dormire | manyan /ˈmaɲan/ | jarda ngunami /ɟaɖa ŋunami/ | bungil /ˈbuŋil/ | kunyalarri- /kuɲalari/ | kunyalajuwa /kuɲalaɟuwa/ | wuupata /wuːpata/ | kunkunarinyi /kuŋkunaɻiɲi/ |
| Uno | layi /laji/ | jinta /ɟinta/ | yunggul /ˈjuŋɡul/ | kuju /kucu/ | kumpinyu /kumpiɲu/ | kuyu /kuju/ | kutju /kucu/ |
| Due | kurriny /kuriɲ/ | jirrama /ɟiɾama/ | bulay /ˈbulaj/ | kujarra /kucara/ | kujarra /kuɟara/ | wuthada /wut̪ada/ | kutjara /kucaɻa/ |
| Tre | mungkartu /muŋkaʈu/ | jirrama-kari-jinta /ɟiɾamakaɾiɟinta/ | garbu /ɡaɻbu/ | yurri /juri/ | kujarrakumpinyu /kuɟarakumpiɲu/ | marnngurdu /maɳŋuɖu/ | maṉkurpa /maɳkuɻpa/ |
| Ciao | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | palya /paʎa/ | — /—/ | palya /paʎa/ |
| Grazie | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | palya /paʎa/ |
| Buono | wulyu /wuʎu/ | ngurrju /ŋuɾɟu/ | jigil /ˈɟiɡil/ | palya /paʎa/ | ngalypa /ŋaʎpa/ | walykumarra /waʎkumaɻa/ | palya /paʎa/ |
| Nuovo | jalangjalang /ˈɟalaŋɟalaŋ/ | jalangu-warnu /ɟalaŋuwaɳu/ | gunyu /ˈɡuɲu/ | jalykarra /caʎkara/ | — | — | nyuwana /ɲuwana/ |
| Rosso | ngirljarti /ŋiɭɟaʈi/ | yalyu-yalyu /jaʎujaʎu/ | gunggu /ɡuŋɡu/ | miji-miji /miɟimiɟi/ | martarr /maʈar/ | marniwidi /maɳiwidi/ | tjitintjitinpa /tʃitintʃitinpa/ |
| Bianco | parpjarti /ˈpaɻpɟaɻti/ | kardirri /kaɖiɾi/ | — | ngintarlpa /ŋintaɭpa/ | mirtamirta /miʈamiʈa/ | wilidi /wilidi/ | piranpa /piɾanpa/ |
| Nero | kurnkurn /kuɳkuɳ/ | kirdily /kiɖiʎ/ | — | — | warrukurla /warukuɭa/ | — | maṟu /maɻu/ |
| Zucchero | walyarra /ˈwaʎara/ | juka /ɟuka/ | — | — | — | — | — |
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