Jirrbal
Dyirbal
pama-nyunga (dyirbalico)
Lingua pama-nyungana del Queensland settentrionale resa celebre dalla grammatica di Dixon del 1972 e dall'opera di Lakoff «Women, Fire and Dangerous Things»: le sue quattro classi nominali (bayi maschile/animato, balan femminile/acqua/fuoco/pericoloso, balam piante commestibili, bala residuo) sono diventate un esempio da manuale di categorizzazione non aristotelica. Il dyirbal possiede inoltre un vocabolario di evitamento della suocera del tutto separato, il «Jalŋuy», con la stessa grammatica ma un lessico disgiunto.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in dyirbal
Fonti
- Dixon, R. M. W. (1972) The Dyirbal Language of North Queensland. Cambridge University Press.
- Dixon, R. M. W. (1989) "The Original Dyirbal Speaking Tribes of North-East Queensland", in Aboriginal History.
- Glottolog: Dyirbal
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: pama-nyunga (dyirbalico)
| Significato | Dyirbal | Wiradjuri | Makasae | Walmajarri | Warlpiri | Corso | Nhanda |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | bana /ˈbana/ | galing /ˈɡaliŋ/ | ira /ˈira/ | ngapa /ˈŋapa/ | ngapa /ŋapa/ | acqua /ˈakwa/ | kapi /kapi/ |
| Fuoco | buni /ˈbuni/ | wiiny /wiːɲ/ | ata /ˈata/ | warlu /ˈwaɭu/ | warlu /waɭu/ | focu /ˈfɔku/ | warla /waɻla/ |
| Sole | garri /ˈɡari/ | yiray /ˈjiɻaj/ | watu /ˈwatu/ | purangu /puɻaŋu/ | wanta /wanta/ | sole /ˈsɔle/ | wurʼa /wuɾʔa/ |
| Luna | gagara /ɡaˈɡara/ | giwang /ˈɡiwaŋ/ | uru /ˈuru/ | yakarn /jakaɳ/ | kirntangi /kiɳʈaŋi/ | luna /ˈluna/ | kanyala /kaɲala/ |
| Stella | gijiny /ɡiɟiɲ/ | giralang /ˈɡiɻalaŋ/ | lekiluru /lekiluru/ | wirl /wiɭ/ | yanjilypiri /jaɲɟiʎpiɻi/ | stella /ˈstella/ | indiya /indija/ |
| Notte | jagun /ɟaɡun/ | ngurung /ˈŋuruŋ/ | maagamu /maaɡamu/ | pukanya /pukaɲa/ | munga /muŋa/ | notte /ˈnɔtːe/ | maru /maru/ |
| Pioggia | gambal /ˈɡambal/ | — | ae /ae/ | ngapa /ˈŋapa/ | minyira /miɲiɻa/ | pioggia /ˈpjɔdʒa/ | pundu /pundu/ |
| Vento | gulubu /ˈɡulubu/ | girrarr /ˈɡirar/ | gawa /ˈɡawa/ | walypa /ˈwaʎpa/ | warlpa /waɭpa/ | ventu /ˈventu/ | uudinu /uudinu/ |
| Terra | jaju /ˈɟaɟu/ | dhaagun /ˈd̪aːɡun/ | maa /maa/ | nguwa /ˈŋuwa/ | walya /walja/ | terra /ˈtɛrra/ | — |
| Pietra | diban /ɟiban/ | walang /ˈwalaŋ/ | apa /ˈapa/ | pamarr /ˈpamar/ | pirli /piɭi/ | petra /ˈpɛtra/ | — |
| Montagna | gambil /ˈɡambil/ | — | — | — | pamarrpa /pamaɾpa/ | muntagna /munˈtaɲɲa/ | — |
| Madre | yabu /ˈjabu/ | gunhi /ˈɡun̪i/ | ina /ˈina/ | ngamaji /ŋaˈmaɟi/ | ngati /ŋati/ | mamma /ˈmamma/ | ngamaji /ŋamadʒi/ |
| Padre | nguma /ˈŋuma/ | babiin /ˈbabiːn/ | baba /ˈbaba/ | ngarpu /ŋaɻpu/ | kirda /kiɖa/ | babbu /ˈbabːu/ | kuthurra /kutʰuɻa/ |
| Figlia | daman /ˈdaman/ | ngamurr /ˈŋamur/ | — | kurntal /ˈkuɳʈal/ | yurntalpa /juɳʈalpa/ | figliola /fiʎˈʎola/ | yurdu /juɖu/ |
| Io | ngaja /ŋaɟa/ | ngadhu /ˈŋad̪u/ | ani /ani/ | ngaju /ŋaɟu/ | ngaju /ŋaɟu/ | eiu /ˈɛju/ | ngayi /ŋaji/ |
| Tu | nginda /ŋinda/ | ngindhu /ˈŋind̪u/ | ai /ai/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | tù /tu/ | nyini /ɲini/ |
| Noi | ngana /ŋana/ | ngiyani /ŋiˈjani/ | fi / ini /fi / ini/ | ngalimpa / nganimpa /ŋalimpa / ŋanimpa/ | ngalipa / nganimpa /ŋalipa / ŋanimpa/ | noi /ˈnoi/ | ngayinu /ŋajinu/ |
| Nome | yidyi /jiɟi/ | yuwin /ˈjuwin/ | nai /nai/ | yini /jini/ | yirdi /jiɖi/ | nome /ˈnome/ | yini /jini/ |
| Occhio | gayga /ˈɡajɡa/ | mil /mil/ | nana /ˈnana/ | mil /mil/ | milpa /milpa/ | ochju /ˈɔcu/ | kuru /kuɻu/ |
| Orecchio | manga /ˈmaŋa/ | wuudha /ˈwuːd̪a/ | walaku /waˈlaku/ | pina /ˈpina/ | langa /laŋa/ | arechja /aˈrɛca/ | wurtka /wuʈka/ |
| Naso | guwu /ˈɡuwu/ | muurruu /ˈmuːruː/ | murikai /murikai/ | punul /ˈpunul/ | mulyu /muʎu/ | nasu /ˈnazu/ | muttha /mut̪a/ |
| Dente | dirra /dira/ | yirrang /ˈjiraŋ/ | wasi /wasi/ | lirra /lira/ | kartirdi /kaʈiɖi/ | dente /ˈdɛnte/ | idaji /idadʒi/ |
| Lingua | jalnggulay /ɟalŋɡulaj/ | dhalayn /ˈd̪alajn/ | ipi /ipi/ | jalany /ɟalaɲ/ | jalanypa /ɟalaɲpa/ | lingua /ˈliŋɡwa/ | thalanyu /t̪alaɲu/ |
| Mano | mala /ˈmala/ | marra /ˈmara/ | tana /ˈtana/ | kurrapa /kurapa/ | rdaka /ɖaka/ | manu /ˈmanu/ | mara /maɻa/ |
| Piede | jina /ˈɟina/ | dhinang /ˈd̪inaŋ/ | iti /ˈiti/ | jina /ˈɟina/ | wirliya /wiɭija/ | pede /ˈpɛde/ | yina /jina/ |
| Cuore | rulgu /ˈɻulɡu/ | giiny /ɡiːɲ/ | — /—/ | turlpu /ˈtuɭpu/ | rduku-rduku /ɖukuɖuku/ | core /ˈkɔre/ | pulpara /pulpaɻa/ |
| Osso | wurmbur /ˈwurmbur/ | dhabal /ˈd̪abal/ | sapa /ˈsapa/ | kiji /kiɟi/ | larrpa /laɾpa/ | ossu /ˈɔssu/ | mambu /mambu/ |
| Sangue | waguli /waɡuli/ | guuwayn /ˈɡuːwajn/ | wai /wai/ | nungu /nuŋu/ | yalyu /jaʎu/ | sangue /ˈsaŋɡwe/ | nguba /ŋuba/ |
| Cacca | guna /ɡuna/ | guunang /ˈɡuːnaŋ/ | — | kura /ˈkuɻa/ | kuna /kuna/ | caca /ˈkaka/ | wuna /wuna/ |
| Amore | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | yulkami /julkami/ | amore /aˈmɔre/ | kanyji /kaɲdʒi/ |
| Albero | yugu /ˈjuɡu/ | madhan /ˈmad̪an/ | ate /ˈate/ | mana /mana/ | watiya /watija/ | arburu /ˈarburu/ | parntany /paɳʈaɲ/ |
| Cane | guda /ˈɡuda/ | mirri /ˈmiri/ | defa /ˈdɛfa/ | kunyarr /kuˈɲar/ | jarntu /ɟaɳʈu/ | cane /ˈkane/ | kuwiyarl /kuwijaɻl/ |
| Gatto | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | miyawu /mijawu/ | mungalpa /muŋalpa/ | ghjattu /ˈɟattu/ | paka /paka/ |
| Pesce | jabu /ˈɟabu/ | guuya /ˈɡuːja/ | seumeti /seumeti/ | kapi /kapi/ | yawu /jawu/ | pesciu /ˈpeʃu/ | wiitya /wiːca/ |
| Uccello | dundu /ˈdundu/ | buujaan /ˈbuːɟaːn/ | asa /ˈasa/ | jiriki /ˈɟiɻiki/ | jurlpu /ˈɟuɭpu/ | uccellu /utˈtʃɛllu/ | — |
| Uovo | bambu /bambu/ | gabuuga /ˈɡabuːɡa/ | waa /waa/ | kampiny /kampiɲ/ | ngipiri /ŋipiɻi/ | ovu /ˈɔvu/ | — |
| Casa | mija /ˈmiɟa/ | ngurang /ˈŋuɻaŋ/ | oma /ˈoma/ | mayaru /majaɻu/ | yuwarli /juwaɭi/ | casa /ˈkaza/ | nhurra /ɳuɻa/ |
| Mangiare | janggay /ˈɟaŋɡaj/ | dharra /ˈd̪ara/ | nawa /ˈnawa/ | ngarnu /ŋaɳu/ | ngarni /ŋaɳi/ | manghjà /manˈɟa/ | ngarna /ŋaɻna/ |
| Bere | gunyjal /ˈɡuɲɟal/ | widyarra /ˈwiɟara/ | gehe /ˈɡɛhɛ/ | ngarnu /ŋaɳu/ | purrami /puɾami/ | beie /ˈbeje/ | nyuna /ɲuna/ |
| Dormire | bungil /ˈbuŋil/ | — | tae /tae/ | manyan /ˈmaɲan/ | jarda ngunami /ɟaɖa ŋunami/ | durmì /durˈmi/ | wuupata /wuːpata/ |
| Uno | yunggul /ˈjuŋɡul/ | ngumbaay /ˈŋumbaːj/ | u /ʔu/ | layi /laji/ | jinta /ɟinta/ | unu /ˈunu/ | kuyu /kuju/ |
| Due | bulay /ˈbulaj/ | bula /ˈbula/ | lolae /loˈlae/ | kurriny /kuriɲ/ | jirrama /ɟiɾama/ | dui /ˈdui/ | wuthada /wut̪ada/ |
| Tre | garbu /ɡaɻbu/ | bula-ngumbaay /ˈbulaŋumbaːj/ | lolitu /lolitu/ | mungkartu /muŋkaʈu/ | jirrama-kari-jinta /ɟiɾamakaɾiɟinta/ | trè /trɛ/ | marnngurdu /maɳŋuɖu/ |
| Ciao | — /—/ | yaama /ˈjaːma/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | salute /saˈlute/ | — /—/ |
| Grazie | — /—/ | mandaang guwu /ˈmandaːŋ ˈɡuwu/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | grazie /ˈɡratsje/ | — /—/ |
| Buono | jigil /ˈɟiɡil/ | marang /ˈmaɻaŋ/ | rau /rau/ | wulyu /wuʎu/ | ngurrju /ŋuɾɟu/ | bonu /ˈbɔnu/ | walykumarra /waʎkumaɻa/ |
| Nuovo | gunyu /ˈɡuɲu/ | — | supa /ˈsupa/ | jalangjalang /ˈɟalaŋɟalaŋ/ | jalangu-warnu /ɟalaŋuwaɳu/ | novu /ˈnɔvu/ | — |
| Rosso | gunggu /ɡuŋɡu/ | girri-girri /ˈɡiriɡiri/ | imiri /imiri/ | ngirljarti /ŋiɭɟaʈi/ | yalyu-yalyu /jaʎujaʎu/ | rossu /ˈrossu/ | marniwidi /maɳiwidi/ |
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