Daur
Mongolic
In 1763 the Qing moved a group of Daur banner troops and their families from the Nen river basin to the Ili valley in Xinjiang as part of the Solon Battalion; their descendants still live in Xinjiang, in Tacheng, more than two thousand kilometres west of the rest of the language, which is spoken in Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang. There are about 96,000 speakers in a nationality of roughly 132,000. Daur is one of the most divergent of the Mongolic languages: it split early, and the handbooks describe it as rather innovative than as a conservative outlier. The Daur are sometimes connected to the Khitan, the people of the Liao dynasty, though the link is debated. The language has no standard orthography in general use: Manchu script, Cyrillic and Latin schemes have all been tried, and speakers write Chinese. Daur is not tonal.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Daur
Sources
- Robbeets, M. et al. (2021) Triangulation supports agricultural spread of the Transeurasian languages. Nature 599 — Dagur doculect, via Lexibank
- Glottolog: Daur
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Mongolic
| Meaning | Daur | Proto-Mongolic | Classical Mongolian | Middle Mongol | Eastern Yugur | Mongghul | Mongolian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | oso /oso/ | *usun /usun/ | ᠤᠰᠤᠨ /usun/ | ᠤᠰᠤᠨ /usun/ | qusun /qusun/ | szu /ʂdzu/ | ус /us/ |
| Fire | gali /ɡali/ | *gal /ɡal/ | ᠭᠠᠯ /ɡal/ | ᠭᠠᠯ /qal/ | ʁal /ʁal/ | ghal /ɢal/ | гал /ɡal/ |
| Sun | nara /nara/ | *naran /naran/ | ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ /naran/ | ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ /naran/ | naran /naran/ | nara /nara/ | нар /nar/ |
| Moon | sarūla /saruːla/ | *sara /sara/ | ᠰᠠᠷᠠ /sara/ | ᠰᠠᠷᠠ /sara/ | sara /sara/ | sara /sara/ | сар /sar/ |
| Star | odə /odə/ | *hodun /hodun/ | ᠣᠳᠣᠨ /odun/ | ᠬᠣᠳᠤᠨ /hodun/ | hodən /hodən/ | foodi /foodə/ | од /ɔt/ |
| Night | suni /suni/ | *söni /søni/ | ᠰᠥᠨᠢ /søni/ | ᠰᠥᠨᠢ /søni/ | søønə /søːnə/ | soni /sonə/ | шөнө /ʃønø/ |
| Rain | huar /huar/ | *kura /kura/ | ᠬᠤᠷᠠ /qura/ | ᠬᠤᠷᠠ /qura/ | xura /χura/ | huraa /xuraa/ | бороо /bɔrɔː/ |
| Snow | čas /tʃas/ | *časun /tʃasun/ | ᠴᠠᠰᠤ /tʃasu/ | ᠴᠠᠰᠤᠨ /tʃasun/ | tʃasən /tʃasən/ | qasi /ʨasə/ | цас /tsas/ |
| Wind | kein /kein/ | *salkïn /salkin/ | ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ /salki/ | ᠬᠡᠢ /kei/ | salɢən /salɢən/ | kii /kii/ | салхи /salxi/ |
| Earth | gaǯiri /ɡadʒiri/ | *gaǰar /ɡadʒar/ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ /ɡadʒar/ | ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠷ /qadʒar/ | ʃəruu /ʃəruː/ | — | газар /ɡazar/ |
| Stone | čolō /tʃoloː/ | *čilaɣun /tʃilaɣun/ | ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ /tʃilaɣun/ | ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ /tʃilaun/ | tʃəluu /tʃəluː/ | tash /taʂ/ | чулуу /tʃuluː/ |
| Mountain | aulə /aulə/ | *huɣula /huɣula/ | ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ /aɣula/ | — | uula /uːla/ | ula /ula/ | уул /uːɮ/ |
| Sea | dalje /dalje/ | *dalai /dalai/ | ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ /dalai/ | ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ /dalai/ | dalii /daliː/ | dalii /dalii/ | далай /taˈɮaj/ |
| Mother | ewe: /eweː/ | *eke /eke/ | ᠡᠬᠡ /eke/ | ᠡᠭᠡ /eke/ | hge /hɡe/ | aama /aama/ | ээж /eːdʒ/ |
| Father | ečige /etʃiɡe/ | *ečige /etʃiɡe/ | ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ /etʃiɡe/ | ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ /etʃiɡe/ | tʃiɣe /tʃiɣe/ | aaba /aaba/ | аав /aːw/ |
| I | bi /bi/ | *bi /bi/ | ᠪᠢ /bi/ | ᠪᠢ /bi/ | bə /bə/ | bu /bu/ | би /bi/ |
| You | sí /si/ | *či /tʃi/ | ᠴᠢ /tʃi/ | ᠴᠢ /tʃi/ | tʃə /tʃə/ | qi /ʨə/ | чи /tʃʰi/ |
| We | bide / ba: /bide / baː/ | *bida / *ba /bida / ba/ | ᠪᠢᠳᠠ / ᠪᠠ /bida / ba/ | ᠪᠢᠳᠠ / ᠪᠠ /bida / ba/ | budas / buda /budas / buda/ | budangula /budaŋɡula/ | бид /bid/ |
| Name | nera /nera/ | *nere /nere/ | ᠨᠡᠷᠡ /nere/ | ᠨᠡᠷᠡ /nere/ | nere /nere/ | nire /nəre/ | нэр /ner/ |
| Person | kū /kuː/ | *kümün /kymyn/ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ /kymyn/ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ /kymyn/ | kuun /kuːn/ | kun /kun/ | хүн /xyŋ/ |
| Head | oki /oki/ | *tolagaï /tolaɡai/ | ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ /toloɣai/ | — | toloʁui /toloʁui/ | — | толгой /tɔlɡɔj/ |
| Eye | nid /nid/ | *nidün /nidyn/ | ᠨᠢᠳᠦ /nidü/ | ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ /nidyn/ | nudun /nudun/ | nudu /nudu/ | нүд /nyd/ |
| Ear | čikə /tʃikə/ | *čikin /tʃikin/ | ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠨ /tʃikin/ | ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠨ /tʃikin/ | tʃəʁən /tʃəʁən/ | qigi /ʨiɡə/ | чих /tɕʰiç/ |
| Nose | hamara /hamara/ | *kamar /kamar/ | ᠬᠠᠪᠠᠷ /qabar/ | ᠬᠠᠪᠠᠷ /qabar/ | xawar /χawar/ | hawar /xavar/ | хамар /xamar/ |
| Mouth | ama /ama/ | *aman /aman/ | ᠠᠮᠠᠨ /aman/ | ᠠᠮᠠᠨ /aman/ | aman /aman/ | ama /ama/ | ам /am/ |
| Tooth | sídə /sidə/ | *sidün /sidyn/ | ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠨ /ʃidyn/ | ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠨ /ʃidyn/ | ʃdən /ʃdən/ | shdi /ʂdə/ | шүд /ʃyd/ |
| Tongue | keli /keli/ | *kelen /kelen/ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ /kelen/ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ /kelen/ | kelen /kelen/ | kile /kəle/ | хэл /xel/ |
| Hand | gari /ɡari/ | *gar /ɡar/ | ᠭᠠᠷ /ɡar/ | ᠭᠠᠷ /qar/ | ʁar /ʁar/ | ghar /ɢar/ | гар /ɡar/ |
| Foot | kuli /kuli/ | *köl /køl/ | ᠬᠥᠯ /køl/ | ᠬᠥᠯ /køl/ | køl /køl/ | kol /kol/ | хөл /xɵl/ |
| Heart | ǯurəgə /dʒurəɡə/ | *ǰirüken /dʒiryken/ | ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ /dʒirüke/ | ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡ /dʒiryke/ | dʒyrɣen /dʒyrɣen/ | jirge /ʥirɡe/ | зүрх /dzyrx/ |
| Bone | yas /jas/ | *yasun /jasun/ | ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ /jasun/ | ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ /jasun/ | yasən /jasən/ | yasi /jasə/ | яс /jas/ |
| Blood | čos /tʃos/ | *čisun /tʃisun/ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ /tʃisun/ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ /tʃisun/ | tʃusun /tʃusun/ | qisi /ʨisə/ | цус /tsus/ |
| Love | — /—/ | — /—/ | ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠ /qajira/ | ᠳᠤᠷᠠ /dura/ | — /—/ | duraala /duraala/ | хайр /xajr/ |
| Tree | mo:də /moːdə/ | *modun /modun/ | ᠮᠣᠳᠤ /modu/ | ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠨ /modun/ | mɔːdən /mɔːdən/ | xjoosi /ɕʥoosə/ | мод /mod/ |
| Dog | nogə /noɡə/ | *nokai /nokai/ | ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ /noqai/ | ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ /noqai/ | noxqui /noχqui/ | nuhui /nuxui/ | нохой /nɔxɔj/ |
| Cat | — /—/ | — /—/ | ᠮᠢᠭᠤᠢ /miɣui/ | ᠮᠢᠭᠤᠢ /miɣui/ | — /—/ | mauxi /mauɕi/ | муур /muːr/ |
| Fish | ǯagusa /dʒaɡusa/ | *ǰigasu /dʒiɡasu/ | ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ /dʒiɡasu/ | ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ /dʒiɡasu/ | dʒaʁasən /dʒaʁasən/ | jaghasi /ʥaɢasə/ | загас /ˈtsaɡas/ |
| Bird | degi /deɡi/ | *sibaɣun /sibaɣun/ | ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤ /ʃibaɣu/ | ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠨ /ʃibaun/ | ʃuun /ʃuːn/ | — | шувуу /ʃuwuː/ |
| Egg | əndugu /ənduɡu/ | *öndegen /øndeɡen/ | ᠥᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡ /ɵndeɡe/ | ᠥᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ /øndeɡen/ | bala /bala/ | ndige /ndəɡe/ | өндөг /øndøɡ/ |
| House | geri /ɡeri/ | *ger /ɡer/ | ᠭᠡᠷ /ɡer/ | ᠭᠡᠷ /ɡer/ | ger /ɡer/ | ger /ɡer/ | гэр /ɡer/ |
| Salt | hata: /hataː/ | *dabusun /dabusun/ | ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ /dabusun/ | ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ /dabusun/ | daabsən /daːbsən/ | dabsi /dabsə/ | давс /davs/ |
| Eat | idə- /idə/ | *ide- /ide/ | ᠢᠳᠡ- /ide-/ | ᠢᠳᠡ /ide/ | ede /ede/ | ide /ide/ | идэх /idex/ |
| Drink | o: /oː/ | *uu- /uu/ | ᠤᠭᠤ- /uɣu-/ | ᠤᠭᠤ /uɣu/ | uu /uː/ | uqu /uʨu/ | уух /uːx/ |
| Sleep | wante- /wante/ | *unta- /unta/ | ᠤᠨᠲᠠ- /unta-/ | ᠤᠨᠲᠠ /unta/ | nda /nda/ | ntiraa /ntəraa/ | унтах /ʊntax/ |
| One | nəka /nəka/ | *nigen /nigen/ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ /niɡen/ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ /niɡen/ | niɣe /niɣe/ | nige /nəɡe/ | нэг /neɡ/ |
| Two | hoira /hoira/ | *koyar /kojar/ | ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ /qojar/ | ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ /qojar/ | ʁuur /ʁuːr/ | ghoor /ɢoor/ | хоёр /xɔˈjɔr/ |
| Three | guarwe /ɡuarwe/ | *gurban /ɡurban/ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ /ɡurban/ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ /qurban/ | ʁurwan /ʁurwan/ | ghuraan /ɢuraan/ | гурав /ɡurav/ |
| Four | durwe /durwe/ | *dörben /dørben/ | ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ /dørben/ | ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ /dørben/ | dørwen /dørwen/ | deeren /deeren/ | дөрөв /dørøv/ |
| Five | ta:w /taːw/ | *tabun /tabun/ | ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ /tabun/ | ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ /tabun/ | taawən /taːwən/ | taawun /taavun/ | таван /tʰawaŋ/ |
| Hello | — /—/ | — /—/ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠤ /sajin uu/ | ᠠᠮᠤᠷ /amur/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | сайн уу /sajn uː/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | — /—/ | ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯᠠ /bajarlala/ | ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠪᠠ /bajarlaba/ | — /—/ | hgerli /xɡerlə/ | баярлалаа /bajarlalaː/ |
| Good | sain /sain/ | *sajin /sajin/ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ /sajin/ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ /sain/ | sain /sajn/ | sain /sain/ | сайн /sajn/ |
| New | śinken /ʃinken/ | *sine /sine/ | ᠰᠢᠨᠡ /ʃine/ | ᠰᠢᠨᠡ /ʃini/ | ʃənə /ʃənə/ | xini /ɕinə/ | шинэ /ʃine/ |
| Red | ulān /ulaːn/ | *hulaɣan /hulaɣan/ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ /ulaɣan/ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ /hulaan/ | ɬaan /ɬaːn/ | fulaan /fulaan/ | улаан /ʊˈɮaːŋ/ |
| White | čigān /tʃiɡaːn/ | *čagaɣan /tʃaɡaɣan/ | ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ /tʃaɣan/ | ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ /tʃaqaan/ | tʃaʁaan /tʃaʁaːn/ | qighaan /ʨaɢaan/ | цагаан /tsʰaɡaːn/ |
| Black | xar /xar/ | *kara /kara/ | ᠬᠠᠷᠠ /qara/ | ᠬᠠᠷᠠ /qara/ | xara /χara/ | hara /xara/ | хар /xar/ |
| Sugar | sateng /sataŋ/ | — | — | — | — | — | элсэн чихэр /ˈelsəŋ tʃʰixər/ |
Page 1/8
Open the interactive map: Word Map · HanMap · Name Map · Word Order · Tree
Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.
Made by Heuron Inc. · GitHub · cho@heuron.com · LangMap home