Монгол

Mongolian

Mongolic

FamilyMongolic Speakers~5.7M ScriptCyrillic / Mongolian script (traditional) CountriesMongolia, China (Inner Mongolia) Official inMongolia Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3mon

Mongolian (Монгол хэл; ISO 639-3 macrolanguage code: mon) is a Mongolic language spoken chiefly in Mongolia and China’s Inner Mongolia, with additional communities elsewhere. Khalkha forms the basis of the national standard in Mongolia, while Inner Mongolian speech includes major varieties such as Chakhar and Khorchin; these should not all be treated as identical. Mongolian is agglutinative, generally has subject–object–verb order, employs postpositions and case suffixes, and shows vowel harmony. Cyrillic has been Mongolia’s dominant everyday script since the 1940s, whereas the traditional vertical Mongolian script remains central in Inner Mongolia and preserves many historical spellings. Under Mongolia’s language law, state and local public offices began phased use of Cyrillic and traditional script together on January 1, 2025; this dual-script policy supplements rather than simply replaces Cyrillic.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Mongolian

Water

ус

us

Fire

гал

ɡal

Sun

нар

nar

Moon

сар

sar

Star

од

ɔt

Night

шөнө

ʃønø

Rain

бороо

bɔrɔː

Snow

цас

tsas

Wind

салхи

salxi

Earth

газар

ɡazar

Stone

чулуу

tʃuluː

Mountain

уул

uːɮ

Sea

далай

taˈɮaj

Mother

ээж

eːdʒ

Father

аав

aːw

Daughter

охин

oxin

I

би

bi

You

чи

tʃʰi

We

бид

bid

Name

нэр

ner

Person

хүн

xyŋ

Head

толгой

tɔlɡɔj

Eye

нүд

nyd

Ear

чих

tɕʰiç

Nose

хамар

xamar

Mouth

ам

am

Tooth

шүд

ʃyd

Tongue

хэл

xel

Hand

гар

ɡar

Foot

хөл

xɵl

Heart

зүрх

dzyrx

Bone

яс

jas

Blood

цус

tsus

Poop

баас

paːs

Love

хайр

xajr

Tree

мод

mod

Dog

нохой

nɔxɔj

Cat

муур

muːr

Fish

загас

ˈtsaɡas

Bird

шувуу

ʃuwuː

Butterfly

эрвээхэй

erweːxej

Egg

өндөг

øndøɡ

Bear

баавгай

baːwɡaj

Horse

морь

mɔrʲ

House

гэр

ɡer

Milk

сүү

syː

Honey

бал

bal

Salt

давс

davs

Wine

дарс

dars

Rice

будаа

pʊˈtaː

Chocolate

шоколад

ʃokoˈlad

Iron

төмөр

tømør

Wheel

дугуй

duɡuj

Silk

торго

ˈtɔrɡɔ

Book

ном

nɔm

Eat

идэх

idex

Drink

уух

uːx

Sleep

унтах

ʊntax

One

нэг

neɡ

Two

хоёр

xɔˈjɔr

Three

гурав

ɡurav

Four

дөрөв

dørøv

Five

таван

tʰawaŋ

Hundred

зуу

tsuː

Hello

сайн уу

sajn uː

Thank you

баярлалаа

bajarlalaː

Good

сайн

sajn

New

шинэ

ʃine

Red

улаан

ʊˈɮaːŋ

White

цагаан

tsʰaɡaːn

Black

хар

xar

Green

ногоон

nɔɡɔːŋ

Blue

хөх

xɵx

Cuckoo

хөхөө

xɵˈxɵː

Woof

хав хав

xaw xaw

Computer

компьютер

ˈkʰɔmpʰjʊtʰʲɵr̥

Sushi

суши

suʃi

Tea

цай

tsʰɛː

Coffee

кофе

ˈkʰɔfe

Sugar

элсэн чихэр

ˈelsəŋ tʃʰixər

Orange

жүрж

dʒyrdʒ

Ninety-nine

ерэн ес

jeren jes

At sign

эт

et

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Mongolic

Meaning MongolianInner MongolianBuryatClassical MongolianKalmykProto-MongolicMiddle Mongol
Water ус /us/ ᠤᠰᠤ /usu/ уһан /uhan/ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ /usun/ усн /usn/ *usun /usun/ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ /usun/
Fire гал /ɡal/ ᠭᠠᠯ /ɡɑl/ гал /ɡal/ ᠭᠠᠯ /ɡal/ һал /ɣal/ *gal /ɡal/ ᠭᠠᠯ /qal/
Sun нар /nar/ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ /nɑrɑ/ наран /naran/ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ /naran/ нарн /narn/ *naran /naran/ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ /naran/
Moon сар /sar/ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ /sɑrɑ/ һара /hara/ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ /sara/ сар /sar/ *sara /sara/ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ /sara/
Star од /ɔt/ ᠣᠳᠤᠨ /ɔtŋ̍/ одон /odoŋ/ ᠣᠳᠣᠨ /odun/ одн /odn/ *hodun /hodun/ ᠬᠣᠳᠤᠨ /hodun/
Night шөнө /ʃønø/ ᠰᠥᠨᠢ /ʃønø/ һүни /hyni/ ᠰᠥᠨᠢ /søni/ сө /sø/ *söni /søni/ ᠰᠥᠨᠢ /søni/
Rain бороо /bɔrɔː/ ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠭᠠ /bɔrɔːɢɑ/ бороо /bɔrɔː/ ᠬᠤᠷᠠ /qura/ хур /xur/ *kura /kura/ ᠬᠤᠷᠠ /qura/
Snow цас /tsas/ ᠴᠠᠰᠤ /tsas/ саһан /sahaŋ/ ᠴᠠᠰᠤ /tʃasu/ цасн /tsasn/ *časun /tʃasun/ ᠴᠠᠰᠤᠨ /tʃasun/
Page 1/11

Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Mongolian
Би зочид буудлын эсрэг талын дэлгүүрт харсан хувцасаа өмсөж үзмээр байна
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 で 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
我 想 试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 里 看到的 那套西装
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with languages in the same classification

ᠪᠢ ᠵᠣᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠦᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ
Mongolian
Би зочид буудлын эсрэг талын дэлгүүрт харсан хувцасаа өмсөж үзмээр байна

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