Буряад хэлэн
Buryat
Mongolic
Buryat is the major Mongolic language of southern Siberia, closely related to Khalkha Mongolian and forming a dialect continuum with it across the Mongolian-Russian border. It is spoken across the Republic of Buryatia, Irkutsk Oblast (Ust'-Orda Buryat), Zabaykalsky Krai (Aginsky Buryat), and northern Mongolia. Traditionally written in the Mongolian script via Tibetan Buddhist influence, Buryat adopted Cyrillic in 1939 under Soviet language policy, with revival of vertical Mongolian script post-1990.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Buryat
Sources
- NorthEuraLex 0.9 (Dellert et al. 2020), Buryat; Robbeets et al. 2021; Wiktionary Buryat
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Mongolic
| Meaning | Buryat | Mongolian | Classical Mongolian | Proto-Mongolic | Middle Mongol | Inner Mongolian | Eastern Yugur |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | уһан /uhan/ | ус /us/ | ᠤᠰᠤᠨ /usun/ | *usun /usun/ | ᠤᠰᠤᠨ /usun/ | ᠤᠰᠤ /usu/ | qusun /qusun/ |
| Fire | гал /ɡal/ | гал /ɡal/ | ᠭᠠᠯ /ɡal/ | *gal /ɡal/ | ᠭᠠᠯ /qal/ | ᠭᠠᠯ /ɡɑl/ | ʁal /ʁal/ |
| Sun | наран /naran/ | нар /nar/ | ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ /naran/ | *naran /naran/ | ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ /naran/ | ᠨᠠᠷᠠ /nɑrɑ/ | naran /naran/ |
| Moon | һара /hara/ | сар /sar/ | ᠰᠠᠷᠠ /sara/ | *sara /sara/ | ᠰᠠᠷᠠ /sara/ | ᠰᠠᠷᠠ /sɑrɑ/ | sara /sara/ |
| Star | одон /odoŋ/ | од /ɔt/ | ᠣᠳᠣᠨ /odun/ | *hodun /hodun/ | ᠬᠣᠳᠤᠨ /hodun/ | ᠣᠳᠤᠨ /ɔtŋ̍/ | hodən /hodən/ |
| Night | һүни /hyni/ | шөнө /ʃønø/ | ᠰᠥᠨᠢ /søni/ | *söni /søni/ | ᠰᠥᠨᠢ /søni/ | ᠰᠥᠨᠢ /ʃønø/ | søønə /søːnə/ |
| Rain | бороо /bɔrɔː/ | бороо /bɔrɔː/ | ᠬᠤᠷᠠ /qura/ | *kura /kura/ | ᠬᠤᠷᠠ /qura/ | ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠭᠠ /bɔrɔːɢɑ/ | xura /χura/ |
| Snow | саһан /sahaŋ/ | цас /tsas/ | ᠴᠠᠰᠤ /tʃasu/ | *časun /tʃasun/ | ᠴᠠᠰᠤᠨ /tʃasun/ | ᠴᠠᠰᠤ /tsas/ | tʃasən /tʃasən/ |
| Wind | һалхин /halxin/ | салхи /salxi/ | ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ /salki/ | *salkïn /salkin/ | ᠬᠡᠢ /kei/ | ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ /salxi/ | salɢən /salɢən/ |
| Earth | шорой /ʃoroj/ | газар /ɡazar/ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ /ɡadʒar/ | *gaǰar /ɡadʒar/ | ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠷ /qadʒar/ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ /ɢɑdʒɑr/ | ʃəruu /ʃəruː/ |
| Stone | шулуун /ʃuluːŋ/ | чулуу /tʃuluː/ | ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ /tʃilaɣun/ | *čilaɣun /tʃilaɣun/ | ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ /tʃilaun/ | ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ /tʃʊɮuː/ | tʃəluu /tʃəluː/ |
| Mountain | уула /uːla/ | уул /uːɮ/ | ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ /aɣula/ | *huɣula /huɣula/ | — | ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ /ʊːl/ | uula /uːla/ |
| Sea | далай /dalaj/ | далай /taˈɮaj/ | ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ /dalai/ | *dalai /dalai/ | ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ /dalai/ | ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ /tɑlɑi/ | dalii /daliː/ |
| Mother | эхэ /exe/ | ээж /eːdʒ/ | ᠡᠬᠡ /eke/ | *eke /eke/ | ᠡᠭᠡ /eke/ | ᠡᠬᠡ /eχe/ | hge /hɡe/ |
| Father | эсэгэ /eseɡe/ | аав /aːw/ | ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ /etʃiɡe/ | *ečige /etʃiɡe/ | ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ /etʃiɡe/ | ᠠᠪᠤ /ɑβu/ | tʃiɣe /tʃiɣe/ |
| Daughter | басаган /basaɡan/ | охин /oxin/ | ᠥᠬᠢᠨ /økin/ | *ökin /økin/ | ᠥᠬᠢᠨ /økin/ | ᠥᠬᠢᠨ /øχin/ | — |
| I | би /bi/ | би /bi/ | ᠪᠢ /bi/ | *bi /bi/ | ᠪᠢ /bi/ | ᠪᠢ /bi/ | bə /bə/ |
| You | ши /ʃi/ | чи /tʃʰi/ | ᠴᠢ /tʃi/ | *či /tʃi/ | ᠴᠢ /tʃi/ | ᠴᠢ /tʃʰi/ | tʃə /tʃə/ |
| We | бидэ /bide/ | бид /bid/ | ᠪᠢᠳᠠ / ᠪᠠ /bida / ba/ | *bida / *ba /bida / ba/ | ᠪᠢᠳᠠ / ᠪᠠ /bida / ba/ | ᠪᠢᠳᠡ /bid/ | budas / buda /budas / buda/ |
| Name | нэрэ /nere/ | нэр /ner/ | ᠨᠡᠷᠡ /nere/ | *nere /nere/ | ᠨᠡᠷᠡ /nere/ | ᠨᠡᠷᠡ /nər/ | nere /nere/ |
| Person | хүн /xyŋ/ | хүн /xyŋ/ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ /kymyn/ | *kümün /kymyn/ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ /kymyn/ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ /xuŋ/ | kuun /kuːn/ |
| Head | толгой /tolɡoj/ | толгой /tɔlɡɔj/ | ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ /toloɣai/ | *tolagaï /tolaɡai/ | — | ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ /tɔlɡɔi/ | toloʁui /toloʁui/ |
| Eye | нюдэн /nʲuden/ | нүд /nyd/ | ᠨᠢᠳᠦ /nidü/ | *nidün /nidyn/ | ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ /nidyn/ | ᠨᠢᠳᠦ /nidʉ/ | nudun /nudun/ |
| Ear | шэхэн /ʃexen/ | чих /tɕʰiç/ | ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠨ /tʃikin/ | *čikin /tʃikin/ | ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠨ /tʃikin/ | ᠴᠢᠬᠢ /tʃʰiki/ | tʃəʁən /tʃəʁən/ |
| Nose | хамар /xamar/ | хамар /xamar/ | ᠬᠠᠪᠠᠷ /qabar/ | *kamar /kamar/ | ᠬᠠᠪᠠᠷ /qabar/ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ /xamar/ | xawar /χawar/ |
| Mouth | аман /aman/ | ам /am/ | ᠠᠮᠠᠨ /aman/ | *aman /aman/ | ᠠᠮᠠᠨ /aman/ | ᠠᠮᠠ /am/ | aman /aman/ |
| Tooth | шүдэн /ʃyden/ | шүд /ʃyd/ | ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠨ /ʃidyn/ | *sidün /sidyn/ | ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠨ /ʃidyn/ | ᠰᠢᠳᠦ /ʃyd/ | ʃdən /ʃdən/ |
| Tongue | хэлэн /xelen/ | хэл /xel/ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ /kelen/ | *kelen /kelen/ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ /kelen/ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡ /xel/ | kelen /kelen/ |
| Hand | гар /ɡar/ | гар /ɡar/ | ᠭᠠᠷ /ɡar/ | *gar /ɡar/ | ᠭᠠᠷ /qar/ | ᠭᠠᠷ /ɡɑr/ | ʁar /ʁar/ |
| Foot | хүл /xyl/ | хөл /xɵl/ | ᠬᠥᠯ /køl/ | *köl /køl/ | ᠬᠥᠯ /køl/ | ᠬᠥᠯ /køl/ | køl /køl/ |
| Heart | зүрхэн /zyrxen/ | зүрх /dzyrx/ | ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ /dʒirüke/ | *ǰirüken /dʒiryken/ | ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡ /dʒiryke/ | ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ /dʒirʉχe/ | dʒyrɣen /dʒyrɣen/ |
| Bone | яһан /jahaŋ/ | яс /jas/ | ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ /jasun/ | *yasun /jasun/ | ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ /jasun/ | ᠶᠠᠰᠤ /jas/ | yasən /jasən/ |
| Blood | шуһан /ʃuhaŋ/ | цус /tsus/ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ /tʃisun/ | *čisun /tʃisun/ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ /tʃisun/ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤ /tʃus/ | tʃusun /tʃusun/ |
| Poop | бааһан /baːhaŋ/ | баас /paːs/ | ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ /baɣasu/ | — | — | ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ /paːs/ | — |
| Love | дуран /duran/ | хайр /xajr/ | ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠ /qajira/ | — /—/ | ᠳᠤᠷᠠ /dura/ | ᠬᠠᠢᠷᠠ /χɑir/ | — /—/ |
| Tree | модон /modon/ | мод /mod/ | ᠮᠣᠳᠤ /modu/ | *modun /modun/ | ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠨ /modun/ | ᠮᠣᠳᠤ /mɔdu/ | mɔːdən /mɔːdən/ |
| Dog | нохой /noxoj/ | нохой /nɔxɔj/ | ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ /noqai/ | *nokai /nokai/ | ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ /noqai/ | ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ /nɔχɑi/ | noxqui /noχqui/ |
| Cat | миисгэй /miːsɡej/ | муур /muːr/ | ᠮᠢᠭᠤᠢ /miɣui/ | — /—/ | ᠮᠢᠭᠤᠢ /miɣui/ | ᠮᠤᠤᠷ /muːr/ | — /—/ |
| Fish | загаһан /zaɡaˈhaŋ/ | загас /ˈtsaɡas/ | ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ /dʒiɡasu/ | *ǰigasu /dʒiɡasu/ | ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ /dʒiɡasu/ | ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ /tsaɡas/ | dʒaʁasən /dʒaʁasən/ |
| Bird | шубуун /ʃubuːn/ | шувуу /ʃuwuː/ | ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤ /ʃibaɣu/ | *sibaɣun /sibaɣun/ | ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠨ /ʃibaun/ | ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤ /ʃʊwuː/ | ʃuun /ʃuːn/ |
| Butterfly | эрбээхэй /erbeːxej/ | эрвээхэй /erweːxej/ | ᠡᠷᠪᠡᠬᠡᠢ /erbekei/ | *herbekei /herbekei/ | — | ᠡᠷᠪᠡᠬᠡᠢ /erweːxei/ | — |
| Egg | үндэгэн /yndeɡen/ | өндөг /øndøɡ/ | ᠥᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡ /ɵndeɡe/ | *öndegen /øndeɡen/ | ᠥᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ /øndeɡen/ | ᠥᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡ /øndəɡ/ | bala /bala/ |
| Bear | баабгай /baːbɡaj/ | баавгай /baːwɡaj/ | — | — | — | ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠᠢ /baːwɡɑi/ | — |
| Horse | морин /morin/ | морь /mɔrʲ/ | ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ /morin/ | *morïn /morin/ | ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ /morin/ | ᠮᠣᠷᠢ /mɔr/ | — |
| House | гэр /ɡer/ | гэр /ɡer/ | ᠭᠡᠷ /ɡer/ | *ger /ɡer/ | ᠭᠡᠷ /ɡer/ | ᠭᠡᠷ /ɡer/ | ger /ɡer/ |
| Milk | һүн /hyn/ | сүү /syː/ | ᠰᠦᠨ /syn/ | *sün /syn/ | — | ᠰᠦᠨ /syː/ | — |
| Honey | бал /bal/ | бал /bal/ | ᠪᠠᠯ /bal/ | *bal /bal/ | — | ᠪᠠᠯ /bal/ | — |
| Salt | дабһан /dabhan/ | давс /davs/ | ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ /dabusun/ | *dabusun /dabusun/ | ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ /dabusun/ | ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ /dabusu/ | daabsən /daːbsən/ |
| Wine | дарһан /darhan/ | дарс /dars/ | — | — | — | ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ /darasu/ | — |
| Rice | сагаан будаа /saɡaːn budaː/ | будаа /pʊˈtaː/ | — | — | — | ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ /pʊtaː/ | — |
| Chocolate | шоколад /ʃokoˈlad/ | шоколад /ʃokoˈlad/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Iron | түмэр /tymer/ | төмөр /tømør/ | ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ /temyr/ | *temür /temyr/ | ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ /temyr/ | ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ /tɵmɵr/ | — |
| Wheel | мөөр /møːr/ | дугуй /duɡuj/ | ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦ /kyrdy/ | — | — | ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦ /xʉrdʉ/ | — |
| Silk | торгон /torɡon/ | торго /ˈtɔrɡɔ/ | ᠲᠣᠷᠭᠠ /torɣa/ | — | — | ᠲᠣᠷᠭᠠ /tɔrɡɔ/ | — |
| Book | ном /nom/ | ном /nɔm/ | ᠨᠣᠮ /nom/ | — | — | ᠨᠣᠮ /nɔm/ | — |
| Eat | эдихэ /edixe/ | идэх /idex/ | ᠢᠳᠡ- /ide-/ | *ide- /ide/ | ᠢᠳᠡ /ide/ | ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ /ideχʉ/ | ede /ede/ |
| Drink | ууха /uːxa/ | уух /uːx/ | ᠤᠭᠤ- /uɣu-/ | *uu- /uu/ | ᠤᠭᠤ /uɣu/ | ᠤᠤᠬᠤ /uːχu/ | uu /uː/ |
| Sleep | унтаха /untaxa/ | унтах /ʊntax/ | ᠤᠨᠲᠠ- /unta-/ | *unta- /unta/ | ᠤᠨᠲᠠ /unta/ | ᠤᠨᠲᠠᠬᠤ /untax/ | nda /nda/ |
| One | нэгэн /neɡen/ | нэг /neɡ/ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ /niɡen/ | *nigen /nigen/ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ /niɡen/ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ /niɡe/ | niɣe /niɣe/ |
| Two | хоёр /xɔˈjɔr/ | хоёр /xɔˈjɔr/ | ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ /qojar/ | *koyar /kojar/ | ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ /qojar/ | ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ /xɔˈjɔr/ | ʁuur /ʁuːr/ |
| Three | гурбан /ɡurban/ | гурав /ɡurav/ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ /ɡurban/ | *gurban /ɡurban/ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ /qurban/ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ /ɡurwa/ | ʁurwan /ʁurwan/ |
| Four | дүрбэн /dyrben/ | дөрөв /dørøv/ | ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ /dørben/ | *dörben /dørben/ | ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ /dørben/ | ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡ /dørwə/ | dørwen /dørwen/ |
| Five | табан /taban/ | таван /tʰawaŋ/ | ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ /tabun/ | *tabun /tabun/ | ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ /tabun/ | ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ /taβun/ | taawən /taːwən/ |
| Hundred | зуун /zuːn/ | зуу /tsuː/ | ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ /dʒaɡun/ | *ǰagun /dʒaɡun/ | ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ /dʒaun/ | ᠵᠠᠭᠤ /tsuː/ | dʒuun /dʒuːn/ |
| Hello | сайн байна /sajn bajna/ | сайн уу /sajn uː/ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠤ /sajin uu/ | — /—/ | ᠠᠮᠤᠷ /amur/ | ᠰᠠᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ /sɑin bɑinɑ/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | баярлаа /bajarlaː/ | баярлалаа /bajarlalaː/ | ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯᠠ /bajarlala/ | — /—/ | ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠪᠠ /bajarlaba/ | ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯᠠ /bɑjɑrlɑlɑ/ | — /—/ |
| Good | һайн /hajn/ | сайн /sajn/ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ /sajin/ | *sajin /sajin/ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ /sain/ | ᠰᠠᠢᠨ /sɑin/ | sain /sajn/ |
| New | шэнэ /ʃene/ | шинэ /ʃine/ | ᠰᠢᠨᠡ /ʃine/ | *sine /sine/ | ᠰᠢᠨᠡ /ʃini/ | ᠰᠢᠨᠡ /ʃine/ | ʃənə /ʃənə/ |
| Red | улаан /ʊˈlaːŋ/ | улаан /ʊˈɮaːŋ/ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ /ulaɣan/ | *hulaɣan /hulaɣan/ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ /hulaan/ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ /ʊɮaːn/ | ɬaan /ɬaːn/ |
| White | сагаан /saɡaːŋ/ | цагаан /tsʰaɡaːn/ | ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ /tʃaɣan/ | *čagaɣan /tʃaɡaɣan/ | ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ /tʃaqaan/ | ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ /tsʰaɡaːn/ | tʃaʁaan /tʃaʁaːn/ |
| Black | хара /xara/ | хар /xar/ | ᠬᠠᠷᠠ /qara/ | *kara /kara/ | ᠬᠠᠷᠠ /qara/ | ᠬᠠᠷᠠ /xar/ | xara /χara/ |
| Green | ногоон /noˈɡoːŋ/ | ногоон /nɔɡɔːŋ/ | ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ /noɣuɣan/ | *noguɣan /noɡuɣan/ | ᠨ᠋ᠣᠬᠤᠬᠠᠨ /noqoan/ | ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ /nɔɡɔːŋ/ | noʁoon /noʁoːn/ |
| Blue | хүхэ /xyˈxe/ | хөх /xɵx/ | — | — | — | ᠬᠥᠬᠡ /xɵx/ | — |
| Cuckoo | хүбхүү /xypxyː/ | хөхөө /xɵˈxɵː/ | ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ /kɵkɵˈɡe/ | — | ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ /kɵkɵˈɡe/ | ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ /kɵkɵˈɡe/ | — |
| Computer | компьютер /kɔmˈpjuter/ | компьютер /ˈkʰɔmpʰjʊtʰʲɵr̥/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Tea | сай /saj/ | цай /tsʰɛː/ | ᠴᠠᠢ /tʃai/ | — | — | ᠴᠠᠢ /tsʰai/ | — |
| Coffee | кофе /kofe/ | кофе /ˈkʰɔfe/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Sugar | шэхэр /ʃexer/ | элсэн чихэр /ˈelsəŋ tʃʰixər/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Orange | жүрж /dʒyrdʒ/ | жүрж /dʒyrdʒ/ | — | — | — | ᠵᠦᠷᠵᠢ /dʒʉrdʒ/ | — |
| Ninety-nine | ерэн юһэн /jeren juhen/ | ерэн ес /jeren jes/ | — | — | — | ᠶᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠰᠦ /jere jisʉ/ | — |
Page 1/10
Open the interactive map: Word Map · HanMap · Name Map · Word Order · Tree
Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.
Made by Heuron Inc. · GitHub · cho@heuron.com · LangMap home