Proto-Koreanic

Proto-language (reconstructed) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyProto-language (reconstructed) SpeakersExtinct (hypothetical) ScriptNone / reconstructed CountriesKorean peninsula (hypothetical) Official inNone Vitalityextinct

Proto-Koreanic is the reconstructed ancestor of the Koreanic family — Korean and its historical stages, with Jeju as a divergent variety. It is placed on the Korean peninsula from roughly the 1st century BCE to the 7th century CE (the emergence of Old Korean). Koreanic has a shallow attested depth, so the reconstruction stays close to Old and Middle Korean.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Proto-Koreanic

Water

*mɨr

mɨr

Fire

*pɨr

pɨr

Sun

*hʌy

hʌy

Moon

*tʌr

tʌr

Star

*pyər

pyər

Night

*pam

pam

Rain

*pi

pi

Snow

*nun

nun

Stone

*tolh

tolh

Mother

*emi

emi

Father

*api

api

I

*na

na

You

*ne

ne

We

*uri

uri

Name

—

—

Head

*məri

məri

Eye

*nun

nun

Nose

*koh

koh

Tooth

*ni

ni

Tongue

*hyəl

hjəl

Hand

*son

son

Foot

*par

par

Heart

*mʌzʌm

mʌzʌm

Bone

*spyə

spjə

Blood

*pʰi

pʰi

Love

—

—

Tree

*namʌk

namʌk

Dog

—

—

Cat

—

—

Fish

*mɨrkoki

mɨrkoki

House

—

—

Eat

*mek-

mek

Drink

—

—

Sleep

*ca-

ca

One

*hʌnah

hʌnah

Two

*tur

tur

Three

*seyh

sejh

Four

*neyh

nejh

Five

*tasʌs

tasʌs

Hundred

*on

on

Hello

—

—

Thank you

—

—

Good

—

—

New

*sai

sai

Red

*pɨrk

pɨrk

White

*hʌi

hʌi

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Proto-language (reconstructed)

Meaning Proto-KoreanicLate Middle KoreanEarly Modern KoreanGoryeo KoreanHamgyong KoreanJeolla KoreanYanbian Korean
Water *mɨr /mɨr/ ·믈 /mɯl/ 믈 /mɯl/ 沒 /*mwol/ 물 /mul/ 물 /mul/ 물 /mul/
Fire *pɨr /pɨr/ ·블 /pɯl/ 블 /pɯl/ 孛 /*pwol/ 불 /pul/ 불 /pul/ 불 /pul/
Sun *hʌy /hʌy/ ·ᄒᆡ /hʌj/ ᄒᆡ /hʌj/ 契 /*hʌi/ 해 /hɛ/ 해 /hɛ/ 해 /hɛ/
Moon *tʌr /tʌr/ ·ᄃᆞᆯ /tʌl/ 달 /tal/ 妲 /*tʌl/ 달 /tal/ 달 /tal/ 달 /tal/
Star *pyər /pyər/ :별 /pjəl/ 별 /pjəl/ — /—/ 별 /pjəl/ 별 /pjəl/ 별 /pjʌl/
Night *pam /pam/ 밤 /pam/ 밤 /pam/ 監 /*pam/ 밤 /pam/ 밤 /pam/ 밤 /pam/
Rain *pi /pi/ 비 /pi/ 비 /pi/ 霏微 /*piβi/ 비 /pi/ 비 /pi/ 비 /pi/
Snow *nun /nun/ 눈 /nun/ 눈 /nun/ 嫩 /*nwun/ 눈 /nun/ 눈 /nun/ 눈 /nun/
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