Proto-Bantu

Proto-language (reconstructed) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyProto-language (reconstructed) SpeakersExtinct (hypothetical) ScriptNone / reconstructed CountriesCameroon–Nigeria borderland (hypothetical) Official inNone Vitalityextinct

Proto-Bantu is the reconstructed ancestor of the Bantu languages — some 500 closely related languages of central, eastern and southern Africa (Swahili, Zulu, Kikongo and many others). It is placed in the Cameroon–Nigeria borderland around 3000–2000 BCE, before the Bantu expansion across the continent. Roots are cited as bound stems (with a leading hyphen).

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Proto-Bantu

Water

*-jíjì

-jíjì

Fire

*-dído

-dído

Sun

*-júbà

-júbà

Moon

*-jèdì

-jèdì

Star

*-nyényèdí

-ɲéɲèdí

Night

*-tíkʊ̀

tikʊ

Rain

*-bʊ́a

bʊ́a

Wind

*-pépò

-pépò

Earth

*-cɪ́

-cɪ́

Stone

*-bʊ̀è

-bʊ̀è

Mother

*-nyìná

-nyìná

Father

*-íce

-íce

I

—

—

You

—

—

We

—

—

Name

*-jína

-jína

Person

*-ntʊ̀

-ntʊ̀

Head

*-tʊ́è

-tʊ́è

Eye

*-jícò

-jícò

Ear

*-tʊi

tʊi

Nose

*-jʊ́dʊ̀

-jʊ́dʊ̀

Mouth

*-nʊ̀à

-nʊ̀à

Tooth

*-jìnò

dʒino

Tongue

*-dìmì

dimi

Hand

*-bókò

-bókò

Foot

*-gʊ̀dʊ̀

ɡʊdʊ

Heart

*-tíma

-tíma

Bone

*-kúpà

kupa

Blood

*-gàdí

ɡadi

Love

*-kʊ́nda

-kʊ́nda

Tree

*-tí

-tí

Dog

*-bʊ́à

-bʊ́à

Cat

—

—

Fish

*-cùì

cùì

Bird

*-njʊ̀nì

-njʊ̀nì

Egg

*-ìgɪ́

-ìgɪ́

House

*-jʊ̀

-jʊ̀

Milk

*-bɪ́cɪ̀

-bɪ́cɪ̀

Honey

*-jókì

-jókì

Salt

*-jínyʊ̀

-jíɲʊ̀

Eat

*-dɪ́a

-dɪ́a

Drink

*-nyʊ̀

-nyʊ̀

Sleep

*-dáada

-dáada

One

*-mò

-mò

Two

*-bɪ̀dɪ̀

-bɪ̀dɪ̀

Three

*-tátʊ̀

tatʊ

Four

*-nàì

nai

Five

*-táano

táːno

Hello

—

—

Thank you

—

—

Good

*-jijá

-jijá

New

*-pɪ́à

-pɪ́à

Red

*-kúndù

-kúndù

Black

*-jídʊ̀

-jídʊ̀

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Proto-language (reconstructed)

Meaning Proto-BantuNicaraguan Sign LanguageScythianProto-Japonic-KoreanicMessapicTartessianLiburnian
Water *-jíjì /-jíjì/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/
Fire *-dído /-dído/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/
Sun *-júbà /-júbà/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/
Moon *-jèdì /-jèdì/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/
Star *-nyényèdí /-ɲéɲèdí/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/
Night *-tíkʊ̀ /tikʊ/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/
Rain *-bʊ́a /bʊ́a/ — — — — — —
Wind *-pépò /-pépò/ — — — — — —
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