Proto-Uto-Aztecan
Proto-language (reconstructed) · historical / hidden variety
Proto-Uto-Aztecan is the reconstructed ancestor of the Uto-Aztecan family of western North America and Mexico (Nahuatl, Hopi, Comanche, Shoshone and others). It is usually placed in the US Southwest or northwestern Mexico around 3000–2500 BCE.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Proto-Uto-Aztecan
Sources
- Langacker (1977) Studies in Uto-Aztecan Grammar
- Stubbs (2011) Uto-Aztecan: A Comparative Vocabulary
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Proto-language (reconstructed)
| Meaning | Proto-Uto-Aztecan | Scythian | Nicaraguan Sign Language | Tartessian | Iberian | Liburnian | Goguryeo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | *paʔ /paʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | 買 /*mai/ |
| Fire | *na- /na/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Sun | *ta /ta/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Moon | *mɨca /mɨca/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Star | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Night | *tuku /tuku/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Rain | *yuku /juku/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Wind | *hɨka /hɨka/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Stone | *tɨn /tɨn/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Sea | *mɨma /mɨma/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mother | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Father | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Daughter | *mala /mala/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| I | *nɨ /nɨ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| You | *ʔɨ /ʔɨ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| We | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Name | *tewa /tewa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Head | *moʔo /moʔo/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Eye | *pusi /pusi/ | spou /spu/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Ear | *naka /naka/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Nose | *yaka /jaka/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mouth | *tɨʔni /tɨʔni/ | — | — | — | — | — | 古次 /*kutsi/ |
| Tooth | *tama /tama/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Tongue | *nene /nene/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Hand | *maʔ /maʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Foot | *tala /tala/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Heart | *sula /sula/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Bone | *ohomï-ta /ohomɨta/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Blood | *ɨtwa /ɨtwa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Poop | *kwittaC /kwittaC/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Love | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Tree | *kut /kut/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Dog | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Cat | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Fish | *paki /paki/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| House | *ki /ki/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Salt | *ona /ona/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Eat | *kwaʔa /kwaʔa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Drink | *hiʔpa /hiʔpa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Sleep | *koci /koci/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| One | *sɨmɨ /sɨmɨ/ | arima /arima/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ban /ban/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Two | *wo /wo/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | bi /bi/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Three | *pahi /pahi/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | irur /irur/ | — /—/ | 密 /*mit/ |
| Hello | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Good | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| New | *pɨtuwa /pɨtuwa/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Red | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| White | *tosa /tosa/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
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