Seediq Truku
Truku/Seediq
Austronesian (Atayalic)
Truku and Seediq are closely related (often considered dialects of one language) and were politically/officially split in 2008 (Truku) and 2017 (Seediq) from Atayal. Spoken in Hualien (Truku) and Nantou (Seediq), historically inhabiting the Taroko Gorge area. Atayalic branch of Formosan Austronesian, with rich verbal morphology including focus voice. About 30,000 speakers.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Truku/Seediq
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Austronesian (Atayalic)
| Meaning | Truku/Seediq | Atayal | Pazeh | Old Malay | Sakizaya | Bunun | Thao |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | qsiya /qsija/ | qsyaʼ /qsijaʔ/ | dalum /dalum/ | air /air/ | nanum /nanum/ | danum /danum/ | sazum /saðum/ |
| Fire | puniq /puniq/ | puniq /puniq/ | hapuy /hapuj/ | api /api/ | lamal /lamal/ | sapuz /sapuz/ | apuy /apuj/ |
| Sun | hidaw /hidaw/ | wagiʼ /waɡiʔ/ | rizax /ɾizax/ | matari /matari/ | cidal /tʃidal/ | vali /vali/ | fitulha /fituʎa/ |
| Moon | idas /idas/ | byacing /bjatʃiŋ/ | ilas /ilas/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulad /bulad/ | buan /buan/ | furaz /fuɾað/ |
| Star | pngrah /pŋəɾah/ | bingah /biŋah/ | mintol /mintol/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | boʼis /boʔis/ | bintuhan /bintuhan/ | fituʼish /fituʔiʃ/ |
| Night | keeman /kəman/ | mlhngan /mlhŋan/ | xinian /xinian/ | malam /malam/ | labiʼ /labiʔ/ | labian /labian/ | tanlhuan /tanɬuan/ |
| Rain | quyux /qujux/ | qwalax /qwalax/ | udan /udan/ | — | ʼudad /ʔuðað/ | qudan /qudan/ | qusaz /qusað/ |
| Snow | huda /huda/ | hlaqiy /hlaqij/ | hahela /hahela/ | — | sulda /sulda/ | paav /paav/ | ulhza /uɬða/ |
| Wind | bgihur /bɡihuɾ/ | behuy /bəhuj/ | bari /baɾi/ | — | baliʼ /baliʔ/ | luvluv /luvluv/ | fari /faɾi/ |
| Earth | dxgal /dəxɡal/ | rhzyal /rhzjal/ | daxe /daxəʔ/ | — | lalaʼ /ɾaɾaʔ/ | dalah /dalah/ | pruq /pruq/ |
| Stone | btunux /btunux/ | btunux /btunux/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | baʼtu /baʔtu/ | batu /batu/ | fatu /fatu/ |
| Mountain | dgiyaq /dɡijaq/ | rgyax /rɣjax/ | — | — | buyuʼ /bujuʔ/ | ludun /ludun/ | huzun /huðun/ |
| Sea | gsilung /ɡsiluŋ/ | bsilung /bsiluŋ/ | awas /awas/ | — | bayu /baju/ | ning-av /ŋiŋʔav/ | wazakan /waðakan/ |
| Mother | bubu /bubu/ | yayaʼ /jajaʔ/ | ina /ina/ | ibu /ibu/ | ina /ina/ | tina /tina/ | ina /ina/ |
| Father | tama /tama/ | yabaʼ /jabaʔ/ | aba /aba/ | bapa /bapa/ | ama /ama/ | tama /tama/ | ama /ama/ |
| Daughter | wauwa /wauwa/ | laqi kneril /laqi knəril/ | — | — | tatayna a wawa /tatajna a wawa/ | uvaazpingaz /uvaazpiŋaz/ | — |
| I | yaku /jaku/ | kuzing /kuziŋ/ | yaku /jaku/ | aku /aku/ | zaku /ʐaku/ | saikin /saikin/ | yaku /jaku/ |
| You | isu /ʔisu/ | isuʼ /ʔisuʔ/ | isiu /isiu/ | kamu /kamu/ | kisu /kisu/ | suu /suʔu/ | ihu /ʔihu/ |
| We | ita / yami /ʔita / jami/ | itaʼ / sami /itaʔ / sami/ | ita / yami /ita / jami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kata / kaimin /kata / kaimin/ | ita / yamin /ʔita / jamin/ |
| Name | hangan /haŋan/ | laluʼ /laluʔ/ | ngadan /ŋadan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngangan /ŋaŋan/ | ngaan /ŋaan/ | tanan /tanan/ |
| Person | seediq /sədiq/ | squliq /squliq/ | saw /saw/ | — | tademaw /tadəmaw/ | bunun /bunun/ | caw /θaw/ |
| Head | tunux /tunux/ | tunux /tunux/ | punu /punu/ | — | tangah /taŋah/ | bungu /buŋu/ | punuq /punuq/ |
| Eye | dowriq /dowɾiq/ | roziq /roziq/ | daurik /dauɾik/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | maca /maθa/ |
| Ear | birat /biɾat/ | papak /paˈpak/ | sainga /saiŋa/ | — | tangilaʼ /taŋilaʔ/ | tainga /taiŋa/ | lharina /ɬarina/ |
| Nose | muhing /muhiŋ/ | nguhuw /ŋuhuw/ | muzing /muziŋ/ | — | cihek /tsihək/ | ngutus /ŋutus/ | muzin /muðin/ |
| Mouth | quwaq /quwaq/ | nqwaq /nqwaq/ | ahan /ahan/ | — | laway /lawaj/ | ngulus /ŋulus/ | ruzic /ɺuðiθ/ |
| Tooth | rupun /ɾupun/ | gʼnux /ɡʔnux/ | lepeng /ləpəŋ/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | ngipən /ŋipən/ | nipun /nipun/ | nipin /nipin/ |
| Tongue | hema /həma/ | hmaʼ /hmaʔ/ | dahama /dahama/ | lidah /lidah/ | səmaʼ /səmaʔ/ | mamaʼ /mamaʔ/ | zama /ðama/ |
| Hand | baga /baɡa/ | qbaʼ /qbaʔ/ | rima /ɾima/ | tangan /taŋan/ | kamay /kamai/ | ima /ima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Foot | papak /papak/ | kakay /kakaj/ | karaw /kaɾaw/ | — | — | bantas /bantas/ | kuskus /kuskus/ |
| Heart | lnglungan /lŋluŋan/ | nyux /njux/ | baga /baɡa/ | hati /hati/ | gawang /ɡawaŋ/ | is-ang /isaŋ/ | putul /putul/ |
| Bone | but /but/ | baqniʼ /baqniʔ/ | bul /bul/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | ʼukak /ʔukak/ | tuhnaz /tuhnað/ | puʼu /puʔu/ |
| Blood | dara /daɾa/ | ramuʼ /ramuʔ/ | damu /damu/ | darah /darah/ | ʼidang /ʔidaŋ/ | haidang /haidaŋ/ | talhum /taɬum/ |
| Poop | quti /quti/ | quciʼ /qutsiʔ/ | — | — | taiʼ /taiʔ/ | taki /taki/ | caqi /θaqi/ |
| Love | gmalu /ɡmalu/ | kmalu inlungan /kmalu inluŋan/ | — /—/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | maolah /maolah/ | madaidaz /madaidaz/ | madaidaz /madaiðað/ |
| Tree | qhuni /qhuni/ | qhuniq /qhuniq/ | kahuy /kahuj/ | kayu /kaju/ | kilang /kilaŋ/ | kahu /kahu/ | lhalum /ʎalum/ |
| Dog | huling /huliŋ/ | huzil /huzil/ | wazu /wazu/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | waco /watʃo/ | asu /asu/ | atu /atu/ |
| Cat | ngiyaw /ŋijaw/ | ngiyaw /ŋijaw/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | posi /posi/ | ngingiyaw /ŋiŋijaw/ | posi /posi/ |
| Fish | qsurux /qsuɾux/ | qulih /quliç/ | alaw /alaw/ | ikan /ikan/ | buting /butiŋ/ | iskan /iskan/ | rusaw /ɾusaw/ |
| Bird | qbhni /qbhəni/ | qbhniq /qbhniq/ | ayam /ajam/ | burung /buruŋ/ | ayam /ajam/ | hazam /hazam/ | rumfaz /ɾumfað/ |
| Butterfly | klaway /klawaj/ | kperay /kpəraj/ | — | — | adipapang /adipapaŋ/ | balikuan /balikuan/ | kurari /kuɾaɾi/ |
| Egg | balung /baluŋ/ | bazing /baziŋ/ | batu pataru /batu pataɾu/ | — | tiʼkuk /tiʔkuk/ | lububunun /lububunun/ | qaricuy /qaɾiθuj/ |
| Bear | sumay /sumaj/ | ngarux /ŋarux/ | — | — | tumay /tumai/ | tumaz /tumað/ | cumay /θumai/ |
| Horse | dmay /dmaj/ | rmeʼ /rməʔ/ | gamay /ɡamaj/ | — | kabayu /kabaju/ | tasasikis /tasasikis/ | tishmamraw /tiʃmamɾaw/ |
| House | sapah /sapah/ | ngasal /ŋasal/ | xuma /xuma/ | rumah /rumah/ | luma /luma/ | lumaq /lumaq/ | kayan /kajan/ |
| Milk | nunuh /nunuh/ | mirukuʼ /mirukuʔ/ | nunuh /nunuh/ | susu /susu/ | hacul /hatsul/ | susu /susu/ | — |
| Honey | beyuq /bejuq/ | buq na hzing /buq na hziŋ/ | — | — | waneng nu wadu /wanəŋ nu wadu/ | vanu /vanu/ | fulhia wa madahun /fuɬia wa madahun/ |
| Salt | cimu /tsimu/ | cimuʼ /tsimuʔ/ | pahah /pahah/ | garam /ɡaram/ | cikah /tsikah/ | hasila /hasila/ | qtilha /qtiɬa/ |
| Wine | sinaw /sinaw/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Rice | buwax payay /buwax pajaj/ | bwax /bwax/ | — | — | belac /bəlats/ | cilas /tsilas/ | — |
| Iron | xiluy /xiluj/ | baliq /baliq/ | — | — | mukin /mukin/ | ngul-a /ŋulʔa/ | balis /balis/ |
| Wheel | ribaw /ɾibaw/ | hbangan /hbaŋan/ | — | — | bihel /bihel/ | tauntaun /tauntaun/ | — |
| Book | patis /patis/ | biruʼ /biruʔ/ | babizu /babizu/ | — | cudad /tsudad/ | patasan /patasan/ | patashan /pataʃan/ |
| Eat | meekan /meekan/ | maniq /maniq/ | mekan /məkan/ | makan /makan/ | hekal /hekal/ | maun /maun/ | kuman /kuman/ |
| Drink | mimah /mimah/ | mnbuw /mnbuw/ | mimaazip /mimaːzip/ | minum /minum/ | mihecak /mihetʃak/ | muqun /muqun/ | naqayan /naqajan/ |
| Sleep | mtaqi /mtaqi/ | mʼabiʼ /mʔabiʔ/ | masuaw /masuaw/ | tidur /tidur/ | mabiʼ /mabiʔ/ | masabah /masabah/ | malhus /maɬus/ |
| One | kingal /kiŋal/ | qutux /qutux/ | adang /adaŋ/ | sa /sa/ | cacay /tʃatʃai/ | tasa /tasa/ | tata /tata/ |
| Two | dha /daha/ | sazing /saziŋ/ | dusa /dusa/ | dua /dua/ | tusa /tusa/ | dusa /dusa/ | tusha /tuʃa/ |
| Three | teru /təɾu/ | cyugal /tsjuɡal/ | turu /tuɾu/ | tlu /tlu/ | tulu /tulu/ | tau /tau/ | turu /tuɾu/ |
| Four | sepac /səpats/ | payat /pajat/ | supat /supat/ | mpat /əmpat/ | sepat /səpat/ | paat /paːt/ | shpat /ʃpat/ |
| Five | rima /ɾima/ | magal /maɣal/ | xasep /xasəp/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | hima /hima/ | rima /rima/ |
| Hundred | kbekuy /kbəkuj/ | kbhul /kβhul/ | haten /hatən/ | ratus /ratus/ | lasubu /lasubu/ | saba /saba/ | shaba /ʃaba/ |
| Hello | embiyax /əmbijax/ | lokah /lokah/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | marayas /maɾajas/ | uninang /uninaŋ/ | ya /ja/ |
| Thank you | mhuway /mhuwaj/ | mhuway /mhuwaj/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | lalumahan /lalumahan/ | uninang /uninaŋ/ | mihu /mihu/ |
| Good | malu /malu/ | blaq /blaq/ | — /—/ | baik /baik/ | kapah /kapah/ | masial /masial/ | kapah /kapah/ |
| New | bgurah /bɡuɾah/ | geqas /ɡəqas/ | xias /xias/ | — | baluhay /baluhaj/ | bahlu /baɬu/ | faqlhu /faqɬu/ |
| Red | mbanah /mbanah/ | mtalah /mtalah/ | lubahing /lubahiŋ/ | merah /merah/ | sumanah /sumanah/ | madanghas /madaŋhas/ | mashinaw /maʃinaw/ |
| White | bhgay /bhəɡaj/ | plqwiʼ /plqwiʔ/ | risilaw /ɾisilaw/ | putih /putih/ | sanglac /saŋlatʃ/ | maduhlas /maduɬas/ | mapuzi /mapuði/ |
| Black | mqalux /mqalux/ | mqalux /mqalux/ | terehen /təɾəhən/ | hitam /hitam/ | lumeniʼ /luməniʔ/ | matahdung /matahduŋ/ | maqusum /maqusum/ |
| Green | msama /msama/ | mtasiq /mtasiq/ | tululik /tululik/ | — | langdaway /laŋdawaj/ | masanglav /masaŋlav/ | madishlum /madiʃlum/ |
| Blue | mgkarats /mŋ̩kaɾats/ | mtasiq /mtasiq/ | — | — | sumilaway /sumilawaj/ | masanglav /masaŋlav/ | madishlum /madiʃlum/ |
| Tea | ocya /otsja/ | ocyaʼ /otsjaʔ/ | — | — | ucya /utʃja/ | ucia /utsia/ | — |
| Sugar | qmsiya /qəmsija/ | kmsyaʼ /kmsjaʔ/ | — | — | waneng /wanəŋ/ | kamasia /kamasia/ | — |
| Orange | mami /mami/ | yutak /jutak/ | — | — | — | izuk /izuk/ | — |
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