Jirrbal
Dyirbal
pama-ñungana (dyirbálico)
Lengua pama-ñungana del norte de Queensland, célebre por la gramática de Dixon de 1972 y la obra de Lakoff «Women, Fire and Dangerous Things»: sus cuatro clases nominales (bayi masculino/animado, balan femenino/agua/fuego/peligroso, balam plantas comestibles, bala residuo) se convirtieron en un ejemplo de manual de categorización no aristotélica. El dyirbal posee además un vocabulario de evitación de la suegra completamente separado, el «Jalŋuy», con la misma gramática pero un léxico disjunto.
Dónde se habla
87 palabras esenciales en dyirbal
Fuentes
- Dixon, R. M. W. (1972) The Dyirbal Language of North Queensland. Cambridge University Press.
- Dixon, R. M. W. (1989) "The Original Dyirbal Speaking Tribes of North-East Queensland", in Aboriginal History.
- Glottolog: Dyirbal
Palabras comparadas
Comparación con otras lenguas de la misma clasificación: pama-ñungana (dyirbálico)
| Significado | Dyirbal | Wiradjuri | Makasae | Walmajarri | Warlpiri | Corso | Nhanda |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agua | bana /ˈbana/ | galing /ˈɡaliŋ/ | ira /ˈira/ | ngapa /ˈŋapa/ | ngapa /ŋapa/ | acqua /ˈakwa/ | kapi /kapi/ |
| Fuego | buni /ˈbuni/ | wiiny /wiːɲ/ | ata /ˈata/ | warlu /ˈwaɭu/ | warlu /waɭu/ | focu /ˈfɔku/ | warla /waɻla/ |
| Sol | garri /ˈɡari/ | yiray /ˈjiɻaj/ | watu /ˈwatu/ | purangu /puɻaŋu/ | wanta /wanta/ | sole /ˈsɔle/ | wurʼa /wuɾʔa/ |
| Luna | gagara /ɡaˈɡara/ | giwang /ˈɡiwaŋ/ | uru /ˈuru/ | yakarn /jakaɳ/ | kirntangi /kiɳʈaŋi/ | luna /ˈluna/ | kanyala /kaɲala/ |
| Estrella | gijiny /ɡiɟiɲ/ | giralang /ˈɡiɻalaŋ/ | lekiluru /lekiluru/ | wirl /wiɭ/ | yanjilypiri /jaɲɟiʎpiɻi/ | stella /ˈstella/ | indiya /indija/ |
| Noche | jagun /ɟaɡun/ | ngurung /ˈŋuruŋ/ | maagamu /maaɡamu/ | pukanya /pukaɲa/ | munga /muŋa/ | notte /ˈnɔtːe/ | maru /maru/ |
| Lluvia | gambal /ˈɡambal/ | — | ae /ae/ | ngapa /ˈŋapa/ | minyira /miɲiɻa/ | pioggia /ˈpjɔdʒa/ | pundu /pundu/ |
| Viento | gulubu /ˈɡulubu/ | girrarr /ˈɡirar/ | gawa /ˈɡawa/ | walypa /ˈwaʎpa/ | warlpa /waɭpa/ | ventu /ˈventu/ | uudinu /uudinu/ |
| Tierra | jaju /ˈɟaɟu/ | dhaagun /ˈd̪aːɡun/ | maa /maa/ | nguwa /ˈŋuwa/ | walya /walja/ | terra /ˈtɛrra/ | — |
| Piedra | diban /ɟiban/ | walang /ˈwalaŋ/ | apa /ˈapa/ | pamarr /ˈpamar/ | pirli /piɭi/ | petra /ˈpɛtra/ | — |
| Montaña | gambil /ˈɡambil/ | — | — | — | pamarrpa /pamaɾpa/ | muntagna /munˈtaɲɲa/ | — |
| Madre | yabu /ˈjabu/ | gunhi /ˈɡun̪i/ | ina /ˈina/ | ngamaji /ŋaˈmaɟi/ | ngati /ŋati/ | mamma /ˈmamma/ | ngamaji /ŋamadʒi/ |
| Padre | nguma /ˈŋuma/ | babiin /ˈbabiːn/ | baba /ˈbaba/ | ngarpu /ŋaɻpu/ | kirda /kiɖa/ | babbu /ˈbabːu/ | kuthurra /kutʰuɻa/ |
| Hija | daman /ˈdaman/ | ngamurr /ˈŋamur/ | — | kurntal /ˈkuɳʈal/ | yurntalpa /juɳʈalpa/ | figliola /fiʎˈʎola/ | yurdu /juɖu/ |
| Yo | ngaja /ŋaɟa/ | ngadhu /ˈŋad̪u/ | ani /ani/ | ngaju /ŋaɟu/ | ngaju /ŋaɟu/ | eiu /ˈɛju/ | ngayi /ŋaji/ |
| Tú | nginda /ŋinda/ | ngindhu /ˈŋind̪u/ | ai /ai/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | tù /tu/ | nyini /ɲini/ |
| Nosotros | ngana /ŋana/ | ngiyani /ŋiˈjani/ | fi / ini /fi / ini/ | ngalimpa / nganimpa /ŋalimpa / ŋanimpa/ | ngalipa / nganimpa /ŋalipa / ŋanimpa/ | noi /ˈnoi/ | ngayinu /ŋajinu/ |
| Nombre | yidyi /jiɟi/ | yuwin /ˈjuwin/ | nai /nai/ | yini /jini/ | yirdi /jiɖi/ | nome /ˈnome/ | yini /jini/ |
| Ojo | gayga /ˈɡajɡa/ | mil /mil/ | nana /ˈnana/ | mil /mil/ | milpa /milpa/ | ochju /ˈɔcu/ | kuru /kuɻu/ |
| Oreja | manga /ˈmaŋa/ | wuudha /ˈwuːd̪a/ | walaku /waˈlaku/ | pina /ˈpina/ | langa /laŋa/ | arechja /aˈrɛca/ | wurtka /wuʈka/ |
| Nariz | guwu /ˈɡuwu/ | muurruu /ˈmuːruː/ | murikai /murikai/ | punul /ˈpunul/ | mulyu /muʎu/ | nasu /ˈnazu/ | muttha /mut̪a/ |
| Diente | dirra /dira/ | yirrang /ˈjiraŋ/ | wasi /wasi/ | lirra /lira/ | kartirdi /kaʈiɖi/ | dente /ˈdɛnte/ | idaji /idadʒi/ |
| Lengua | jalnggulay /ɟalŋɡulaj/ | dhalayn /ˈd̪alajn/ | ipi /ipi/ | jalany /ɟalaɲ/ | jalanypa /ɟalaɲpa/ | lingua /ˈliŋɡwa/ | thalanyu /t̪alaɲu/ |
| Mano | mala /ˈmala/ | marra /ˈmara/ | tana /ˈtana/ | kurrapa /kurapa/ | rdaka /ɖaka/ | manu /ˈmanu/ | mara /maɻa/ |
| Pie | jina /ˈɟina/ | dhinang /ˈd̪inaŋ/ | iti /ˈiti/ | jina /ˈɟina/ | wirliya /wiɭija/ | pede /ˈpɛde/ | yina /jina/ |
| Corazón | rulgu /ˈɻulɡu/ | giiny /ɡiːɲ/ | — /—/ | turlpu /ˈtuɭpu/ | rduku-rduku /ɖukuɖuku/ | core /ˈkɔre/ | pulpara /pulpaɻa/ |
| Hueso | wurmbur /ˈwurmbur/ | dhabal /ˈd̪abal/ | sapa /ˈsapa/ | kiji /kiɟi/ | larrpa /laɾpa/ | ossu /ˈɔssu/ | mambu /mambu/ |
| Sangre | waguli /waɡuli/ | guuwayn /ˈɡuːwajn/ | wai /wai/ | nungu /nuŋu/ | yalyu /jaʎu/ | sangue /ˈsaŋɡwe/ | nguba /ŋuba/ |
| Caca | guna /ɡuna/ | guunang /ˈɡuːnaŋ/ | — | kura /ˈkuɻa/ | kuna /kuna/ | caca /ˈkaka/ | wuna /wuna/ |
| Amor | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | yulkami /julkami/ | amore /aˈmɔre/ | kanyji /kaɲdʒi/ |
| Árbol | yugu /ˈjuɡu/ | madhan /ˈmad̪an/ | ate /ˈate/ | mana /mana/ | watiya /watija/ | arburu /ˈarburu/ | parntany /paɳʈaɲ/ |
| Perro | guda /ˈɡuda/ | mirri /ˈmiri/ | defa /ˈdɛfa/ | kunyarr /kuˈɲar/ | jarntu /ɟaɳʈu/ | cane /ˈkane/ | kuwiyarl /kuwijaɻl/ |
| Gato | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | miyawu /mijawu/ | mungalpa /muŋalpa/ | ghjattu /ˈɟattu/ | paka /paka/ |
| Pez | jabu /ˈɟabu/ | guuya /ˈɡuːja/ | seumeti /seumeti/ | kapi /kapi/ | yawu /jawu/ | pesciu /ˈpeʃu/ | wiitya /wiːca/ |
| Pájaro | dundu /ˈdundu/ | buujaan /ˈbuːɟaːn/ | asa /ˈasa/ | jiriki /ˈɟiɻiki/ | jurlpu /ˈɟuɭpu/ | uccellu /utˈtʃɛllu/ | — |
| Huevo | bambu /bambu/ | gabuuga /ˈɡabuːɡa/ | waa /waa/ | kampiny /kampiɲ/ | ngipiri /ŋipiɻi/ | ovu /ˈɔvu/ | — |
| Casa | mija /ˈmiɟa/ | ngurang /ˈŋuɻaŋ/ | oma /ˈoma/ | mayaru /majaɻu/ | yuwarli /juwaɭi/ | casa /ˈkaza/ | nhurra /ɳuɻa/ |
| Comer | janggay /ˈɟaŋɡaj/ | dharra /ˈd̪ara/ | nawa /ˈnawa/ | ngarnu /ŋaɳu/ | ngarni /ŋaɳi/ | manghjà /manˈɟa/ | ngarna /ŋaɻna/ |
| Beber | gunyjal /ˈɡuɲɟal/ | widyarra /ˈwiɟara/ | gehe /ˈɡɛhɛ/ | ngarnu /ŋaɳu/ | purrami /puɾami/ | beie /ˈbeje/ | nyuna /ɲuna/ |
| Dormir | bungil /ˈbuŋil/ | — | tae /tae/ | manyan /ˈmaɲan/ | jarda ngunami /ɟaɖa ŋunami/ | durmì /durˈmi/ | wuupata /wuːpata/ |
| Uno | yunggul /ˈjuŋɡul/ | ngumbaay /ˈŋumbaːj/ | u /ʔu/ | layi /laji/ | jinta /ɟinta/ | unu /ˈunu/ | kuyu /kuju/ |
| Dos | bulay /ˈbulaj/ | bula /ˈbula/ | lolae /loˈlae/ | kurriny /kuriɲ/ | jirrama /ɟiɾama/ | dui /ˈdui/ | wuthada /wut̪ada/ |
| Tres | garbu /ɡaɻbu/ | bula-ngumbaay /ˈbulaŋumbaːj/ | lolitu /lolitu/ | mungkartu /muŋkaʈu/ | jirrama-kari-jinta /ɟiɾamakaɾiɟinta/ | trè /trɛ/ | marnngurdu /maɳŋuɖu/ |
| Hola | — /—/ | yaama /ˈjaːma/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | salute /saˈlute/ | — /—/ |
| Gracias | — /—/ | mandaang guwu /ˈmandaːŋ ˈɡuwu/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | grazie /ˈɡratsje/ | — /—/ |
| Bueno | jigil /ˈɟiɡil/ | marang /ˈmaɻaŋ/ | rau /rau/ | wulyu /wuʎu/ | ngurrju /ŋuɾɟu/ | bonu /ˈbɔnu/ | walykumarra /waʎkumaɻa/ |
| Nuevo | gunyu /ˈɡuɲu/ | — | supa /ˈsupa/ | jalangjalang /ˈɟalaŋɟalaŋ/ | jalangu-warnu /ɟalaŋuwaɳu/ | novu /ˈnɔvu/ | — |
| Rojo | gunggu /ɡuŋɡu/ | girri-girri /ˈɡiriɡiri/ | imiri /imiri/ | ngirljarti /ŋiɭɟaʈi/ | yalyu-yalyu /jaʎujaʎu/ | rossu /ˈrossu/ | marniwidi /maɳiwidi/ |
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