Nuxalk
salish
Il nuxalk (bella coola) è l'unica lingua salish ancora parlata sulla costa centrale della Columbia Britannica, famosa nella tipologia fonologica per ammettere intere parole prive di vocali fonemiche (esempio canonico xłp̓x̣ʷłtłpłłskʷc̓ «allora egli possedeva una pianta di mirtillo a quattro foglie») — le ostruenti (fricative, occlusive) fungono direttamente da nucleo sillabico. Restano circa 17 parlanti fluenti.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in nuxalk
Fonti
- Nater, H.F. (1984) The Bella Coola Language (Canadian Museum of Civilization, Mercury Series 92)
- Bagemihl, Bruce (1991) "Syllable structure in Bella Coola" Linguistic Inquiry 22:589-646
- FirstVoices Nuxalk archive
- Glottolog: Bella Coola
- Ethnologue: blc
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: salish
| Significato | Nuxalk | Wichita | Squamish | Lardil | Ubico | Proto-maya | Dyirbal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | qla /qla/ | kicʔa /kitsʔa/ | stáḵw /staqʷ/ | nguka /ŋuka/ | bzə /bzə/ | *haʔ /haʔ/ | bana /ˈbana/ |
| Fuoco | niiχʷ /niːχʷ/ | heːcʔa /heːtsʔa/ | sḵwiḵw /sqʷiqʷ/ | nyuda /ɲuda/ | mzʼə /mzʼə/ | *qʼaaqʼ /qʼaaqʼ/ | buni /ˈbuni/ |
| Sole | snχ /snχ/ | saːkhirʔa /saːkʰiɾʔa/ | snéḵwem /sneqʷəm/ | warrka /waɾka/ | dəɣʷa /dəɣʷa/ | *qʼiinh /qʼiinh/ | garri /ˈɡari/ |
| Luna | ƛ̓ukʼ /tɬʼukʼ/ | waːh /waːh/ | lh7álha /ɬʔaɬa/ | kirdikir /kiɖikir/ | mazə /mazə/ | *uːh /uːh/ | gagara /ɡaˈɡara/ |
| Stella | mixmikʼł /mixmikʼɬ/ | hiːkwirikʔa /hiːkʷiɾikʔa/ | kwekwtsi7 /kʷəkʷtsiʔ/ | kuwa thungal /kuwa θuŋal/ | tʃʷʼakʲ /tʃʷʼakʲʼ/ | *eʼq /eʼq/ | gijiny /ɡiɟiɲ/ |
| Notte | ʔnƛ̓ /ʔntɬʼ/ | ckhaːrʔa /tskʰaːɾʔa/ | nat /nat/ | nata /nata/ | śwa /ɕʷa/ | *aqʼabʼ /aqʼaɓ/ | jagun /ɟaɡun/ |
| Pioggia | sʔałwlał /sʔaɬwlaɬ/ | — | — | — | — | *nhabʼ /ŋaɓ/ | gambal /ˈɡambal/ |
| Neve | pqʼʷ /pqʷʼ/ | hiraːʔa /hiɾaːʔa/ | máḵa7 /maqaʔ/ | — | źʷadzə /ʑʷadzə/ | — | — |
| Terra | kułulmx /kuɬulmx/ | — | temíxw /təmixʷ/ | — | tɕʰʷaʁˤʷə /tɕʰʷaʁˤʷə/ | *chʼohchʼ /tʃʼohtʃʼ/ | jaju /ˈɟaɟu/ |
| Pietra | tʼχt /tʼχt/ | — | smant /smant/ | — | laqa /laqa/ | *ʔaʔbʼaj /ʔaʔbʼaj/ | diban /ɟiban/ |
| Montagna | smt /smt/ | — | smánit /smanit/ | — | — | *witz /wits/ | gambil /ˈɡambil/ |
| Mare | sulut /sulut/ | — | — | — | ʃʷa /ʃʷa/ | — | — |
| Madre | stan /stan/ | eciyeːh /etsijeːh/ | chésha7 /tʃeʃaʔ/ | ngama /ŋama/ | nan /nan/ | *naʔ /naʔ/ | yabu /ˈjabu/ |
| Padre | man /man/ | taːtah /taːtah/ | smas /smas/ | kantha /kan̪t̪a/ | tʷə /tʷə/ | *taat /taat/ | nguma /ˈŋuma/ |
| Io | ʔnc /ʔnts/ | nacʔih /natsʔih/ | en /ʔən/ | ngada /ŋada/ | sʁʷa /sʁʷa/ | *in /in/ | ngaja /ŋaɟa/ |
| Tu | ʔinu /ʔinu/ | nasʔih /nasʔih/ | chexw /tʃəxʷ/ | nyingki /ɲiŋki/ | wʁʷa /wʁʷa/ | *ʔat /ʔat/ | nginda /ŋinda/ |
| Noi | łmił /ɬmiɬ/ | — /—/ | numalh /numaɬ/ | ngakuli / nyali /ŋakuli / ɲali/ | ʃʁʷała /ʃʁʷaɬa/ | — /—/ | ngana /ŋana/ |
| Nome | skʷacta /skʷatsta/ | hissaːrʔa /hissaːɾʔa/ | sna /sna/ | nyunda /ɲunda/ | pʼtsʼa /pʼtsʼa/ | *bʼih /bʼih/ | yidyi /jiɟi/ |
| Persona | ƛ̓msta /tɬʼmsta/ | ihaas /ihaas/ | stélmexw /stelməxʷ/ | — | — | *winaq /winaq/ | — |
| Testa | tʼnχʷ /tʼnχʷ/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Occhio | qluqʼs /qluqʼs/ | kirikʔa /kiɾikʔa/ | ḵlum̓ /qlumʔ/ | kuwa /kuwa/ | bla /bla/ | *Haty /hatʲ/ | gayga /ˈɡajɡa/ |
| Orecchio | tanksta /tanksta/ | — | — | — | laqʼʷəma /laqʼʷəma/ | *xikin /ʃikin/ | manga /ˈmaŋa/ |
| Naso | maaχsa /maːχsa/ | — | — | — | fatɕʼa /fatɕʼa/ | *nhiiʔ /ŋiːʔ/ | guwu /ˈɡuwu/ |
| Bocca | cucn /tsutsn/ | — | — | — | tʃʼa /tʃʼa/ | *tyiiʔ /tʲiːʔ/ | — |
| Dente | ʔica /ʔitsa/ | aːkʔa /aːkʔa/ | yenis /jənis/ | kadma leman /kadma leman/ | cakʼə /tsakʼʲə/ | *ʔeeh /ʔeːh/ | dirra /dira/ |
| Lingua | tica /titsa/ | hacʼa /hatsʔa/ | alhthal /aɬθaɬ/ | jalda leman /dʒalda leman/ | bza /bʒa/ | *aaqʼ /aːqʼ/ | jalnggulay /ɟalŋɡulaj/ |
| Mano | suxa /suxa/ | iskʔa /iskʔa/ | chálash /tʃalaʃ/ | marlda /maɭda/ | ɂa /ʔa/ | *qʼabʼ /qʼabʼ/ | mala /ˈmala/ |
| Piede | ʼixa /ʔixa/ | asʔa /asʔa/ | — | jaa /dʒaː/ | ła:pʼa /ɬaːpʼa/ | *ʔooq /ʔoːq/ | jina /ˈɟina/ |
| Cuore | skcułk /sktsuɬk/ | sikicʔa /sikitsʔa/ | stúlich /stulitʃ/ | bulja /buldʒa/ | gʷə /ɡʷə/ | — /—/ | rulgu /ˈɻulɡu/ |
| Osso | cap /tsap/ | kiːsʔa /kiːsʔa/ | shaw7 /ʃawʔ/ | kadma /kadma/ | pqë /pqə/ | *bʼaaq /ɓaːq/ | wurmbur /ˈwurmbur/ |
| Sangue | six /six/ | waːckicʔa /waːtskitsʔa/ | sthathin /sθaθin/ | kanda /kanda/ | ła /ɬa/ | *kikʼ /kikʼ/ | waguli /waɡuli/ |
| Amore | — /—/ | — /—/ | néxwsa /nexʷsa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Albero | stn /stn/ | tiyaːhkw /tijaːhkʷ/ | stsékʼas /stsekʼas/ | thungal /θuŋal/ | ɣʷənə /ɣʷənə/ | *teʔ /teʔ/ | yugu /ˈjuɡu/ |
| Cane | wacʼ /watsʼ/ | kiciyeːh /kitsijeːh/ | sḵwemáy̓ /sqʷəmajʔ/ | ngawa /ŋawa/ | la /la/ | *tzʼiʔ /tzʼiʔ/ | guda /ˈɡuda/ |
| Gatto | — /—/ | — /—/ | pus /pus/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Pesce | smłk /smɬk/ | kaːcʔa /kaːtsʔa/ | stsʼúḵwi7 /stsʼuqʷiʔ/ | yaka /jaka/ | psa /psa/ | *kar /kar/ | jabu /ˈɟabu/ |
| Uccello | ciccipii /tsitstsipiː/ | ichir /itsʰiɾ/ | — | — | ʁʷəndʷə /ʁʷəndʷə/ | *tzʼikin /tzʼikin/ | dundu /ˈdundu/ |
| Farfalla | mamayu /mamaju/ | — | — | — | χapʼraːɕʷa /χapʼraːɕʷa/ | *pehpen /pehpen/ | — |
| Uovo | qpʼa /qpʼa/ | nikwiːkʔa /nikʷiːkʔa/ | — | — | — | — | bambu /bambu/ |
| Orso | ƛ̓a /tɬʼa/ | — | míx̱alh /miχaɬ/ | — | məšwa /məʃʷa/ | — | — |
| Cavallo | ałχapaliikʷ /aɬχapaliːkʷ/ | — | — | — | čʰʲə /tʃʰʲə/ | — | — |
| Casa | suł /suɬ/ | akhaːrʔa /akʰaːɾʔa/ | lámʼ /lamʔ/ | ngambirr /ŋambir/ | tʷəna /tʷəna/ | *nah /nah/ | mija /ˈmiɟa/ |
| Sale | stʼs /stʼs/ | — | tlʼálhem /tɬʼaɬəm/ | — | ǯʲə /dʒʲə/ | *ʔaʔtzʼaam /ʔaʔtsʼaːm/ | — |
| Ferro | — /—/ | — | — | — | wəcʼwa /wətsʼʷa/ | — | — |
| Libro | ałqʷuł /aɬqʷuɬ/ | — | — | — | ʃʷəqʼa /ʃʷəqʼa/ | *huʔnh /huʔŋ/ | — |
| Mangiare | ʔałps /ʔaɬps/ | kaʔac /kaʔats/ | i7iyím /iʔijim/ | jitha /dʒiθa/ | f /f/ | *waʔ /waʔ/ | janggay /ˈɟaŋɡaj/ |
| Bere | qaaχla /qaːχla/ | kikʔa /kikʔa/ | qʼemél7chen /qʼemʔeɬtʃen/ | kurdama /kuɖama/ | dzʷa /dzʷa/ | *ʔukʼ /ʔukʼ/ | gunyjal /ˈɡuɲɟal/ |
| Dormire | cituma /tsituma/ | — | — | — | tɕʰʷa /tɕʰʷa/ | *war /war/ | bungil /ˈbuŋil/ |
| Uno | maw /maw/ | chiʔass /tsʰiʔass/ | nchʼa7 /ntʃʼaʔ/ | warnge /waɾŋe/ | za /za/ | *jun /jun/ | yunggul /ˈjuŋɡul/ |
| Due | łnuus /ɬnuːs/ | wic /wits/ | án7us /ˈʔanʔus/ | kiyarrng /kijaɾŋ/ | tqʷʼa /tqʷʼa/ | *kaʼ /kaʼ/ | bulay /ˈbulaj/ |
| Tre | ʔasmuus /ʔasmuːs/ | taw /taw/ | chánat /tʃanat/ | mungkalan /muŋkalan/ | śa /ɕa/ | *ʼoxibʼ /ʔoʃiɓ/ | garbu /ɡaɻbu/ |
| Quattro | muus /muːs/ | taːkwic /taːkʷits/ | x̱a7útsen /χaʔutsən/ | — | pʼɬʼə /pʼɬʼə/ | *kaŋibʼ /kaŋiɓ/ | — |
| Cinque | cʼixʷ /tsʼixʷ/ | — | tsíyichis /tsijitʃis/ | — | šxə /ʃχə/ | *hoʔ /hoʔ/ | — |
| Cento | — /—/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Ciao | — /—/ | — /—/ | chen kwenmántumi /tʃen kʷenmantumi/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Grazie | — /—/ | — /—/ | huy chexw a /huj tʃexʷ a/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Buono | ya /ja/ | acs /atss/ | éy /ej/ | kuba /kuba/ | ʈʂʼa /ʈʂʼa/ | *utz /utz/ | jigil /ˈɟiɡil/ |
| Nuovo | ciχ /tsiχ/ | — | — | — | — | *ʔa(a)kʼ /ʔakʼ/ | gunyu /ˈɡuɲu/ |
| Rosso | mukʷ /mukʷ/ | kwhaːc /kʷʰaːts/ | kʷəlqʷ /kʷəlqʷ/ | kandukan /kandukan/ | pɬaʒʲa /pɬaʒʲa/ | *kaq /kaq/ | gunggu /ɡuŋɡu/ |
| Bianco | cʼχʷ /tsʼχʷ/ | — | pʼeḵʼ /pʼəqʼ/ | — | — | *saq /saq/ | — |
| Nero | skʼx /skʼx/ | — | ḵʼex̱ ḵʼíx̱ /qʼəχ qʼiχ/ | — | dʒa /dʒa/ | *ʔejqʼ /ʔejqʼ/ | — |
| Verde | qʷli /qʷli/ | — | tlʼestlʼís /tɬʼəstɬʼis/ | — | ʁˤaqʼa /ʁˤaqʼa/ | *raʔx /raʔʃ/ | — |
| Blu | qʷit /qʷit/ | — | skwáyel /skʷajəl/ | — | ʁˤaqʼa /ʁˤaqʼa/ | — | — |
| Tè | tii /tiː/ | — | ti7 /tiʔ/ | — | — | — | — |
| Caffè | kupi /kupi/ | — | kapí /kapi/ | — | kʼahwa /kʼahwa/ | — | — |
| Zucchero | sukwa /sukʷa/ | — | — | — | šakʲar /ʃakʰʲar/ | — | — |
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