Nhanda
pama-nyunga
Il nhanda (anche nanda o nhanta) è una lingua aborigena pama-nyungan in pericolo critico di estinzione della costa centrale del Murchison-Gascoyne dell'Australia Occidentale, presso Geraldton e Kalbarri. La lingua conta circa 30 anziani parlanti fluenti più circa 60 parlanti parziali all'interno della più ampia popolazione etnica nhanda di circa 750 persone. Il nhanda conserva tratti pama-nyungan classici tra cui l'allineamento ergativo-assolutivo, la morfologia nominale suffissale e una ricca terminologia di parentela. La grammatica di riferimento di Blevins del 2001 (Nhanda Aboriginal Language) ha reso la lingua accessibile alla linguistica accademica, e il Nhanda Aboriginal Language Centre, guidato dalla comunità, sostiene la rivitalizzazione in corso attraverso programmi scolastici, progetti di storia orale e il Wajarri-Nhanda Cultural Centre.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in nhanda
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: pama-nyunga
| Significato | Nhanda | Martu wangka | Pintupi-Luritja | Pitjantjatjara | Adnyamathanha | Lardil | Warlpiri |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | kapi /kapi/ | kapi /kapi/ | kapi /kapi/ | kapi /kapi/ | awi /awi/ | nguka /ŋuka/ | ngapa /ŋapa/ |
| Fuoco | warla /waɻla/ | waru /waɻu/ | waru /waɻu/ | waru /waɻu/ | ardrla /aʈɭa/ | nyuda /ɲuda/ | warlu /waɭu/ |
| Sole | wurʼa /wuɾʔa/ | jirntu /ciɳʈu/ | tjintu /cintu/ | tjintu /cintu/ | yurnrdu /juɳʈu/ | warrka /waɾka/ | wanta /wanta/ |
| Luna | kanyala /kaɲala/ | panyalpa /paɲalpa/ | pira /piɻa/ | pira /piɻa/ | viRa /viɹa/ | kirdikir /kiɖikir/ | kirntangi /kiɳʈaŋi/ |
| Stella | indiya /indija/ | kurtalya /kuʈaʎa/ | kililpi /kiˈlilpi/ | kililpil /kiˈlilpil/ | vurdli /vuʈli/ | kuwa thungal /kuwa θuŋal/ | yanjilypiri /jaɲɟiʎpiɻi/ |
| Notte | maru /maru/ | munga /muŋa/ | munga /muŋa/ | munga /muŋa/ | wilydya /wiʎca/ | nata /nata/ | munga /muŋa/ |
| Pioggia | pundu /pundu/ | — | — | mina /ˈmina/ | warrana /warana/ | — | minyira /miɲiɻa/ |
| Vento | uudinu /uudinu/ | walypa /waʎpa/ | walpa /walpa/ | walpa /walpa/ | milyaRu /miʎaɹu/ | — | warlpa /waɭpa/ |
| Madre | ngamaji /ŋamadʒi/ | yipi /jipi/ | ngunytju /ŋuɲcu/ | ngunytju /ŋuɲcu/ | ngami /ŋami/ | ngama /ŋama/ | ngati /ŋati/ |
| Padre | kuthurra /kutʰuɻa/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | vapi /vapi/ | kantha /kan̪t̪a/ | kirda /kiɖa/ |
| Figlia | yurdu /juɖu/ | yurntalpa /juɳʈalpa/ | yuṉṯalpa /juɳʈalpa/ | uṉṯal /uɳʈal/ | — | — | yurntalpa /juɳʈalpa/ |
| Io | ngayi /ŋaji/ | ngayu /ŋaju/ | ngayulu /ŋajulu/ | ngayulu /ŋajulu/ | ngayi /ŋaji/ | ngada /ŋada/ | ngaju /ŋaɟu/ |
| Tu | nyini /ɲini/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nhina /n̪ina/ | nyingki /ɲiŋki/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ |
| Noi | ngayinu /ŋajinu/ | — /—/ | nganana /ŋanaɳa/ | nganana /ŋanaɳa/ | ngarlpurla /ŋaɭpuɭa/ | ngakuli / nyali /ŋakuli / ɲali/ | ngalipa / nganimpa /ŋalipa / ŋanimpa/ |
| Nome | yini /jini/ | yini /jini/ | yini /jini/ | ini /ini/ | mityi /mici/ | nyunda /ɲunda/ | yirdi /jiɖi/ |
| Persona | arnmanu /aɳmanu/ | martu /maʈu/ | yanangu /janaŋu/ | aṉangu /aɳaŋu/ | yuRa /juɹa/ | — | yapa /japa/ |
| Occhio | kuru /kuɻu/ | kuru /kuɻu/ | kuru /kuɻu/ | kuru /kuɻu/ | mina /mina/ | kuwa /kuwa/ | milpa /milpa/ |
| Orecchio | wurtka /wuʈka/ | pina /pina/ | pina /pina/ | pina /pɪnɐ/ | yuri /juɾi/ | — | langa /laŋa/ |
| Naso | muttha /mut̪a/ | mulya /muʎa/ | mulya /muʎa/ | mulya /ˈmulja/ | — | — | mulyu /muʎu/ |
| Bocca | ngarnmanu /ŋaɳmanu/ | jaa /caː/ | tjaa /caː/ | tjaa /caː/ | — | — | lirra /liɾa/ |
| Dente | idaji /idadʒi/ | yirra /jira/ | katiti /katiti/ | katiti /katiti/ | ira /iɾa/ | kadma leman /kadma leman/ | kartirdi /kaʈiɖi/ |
| Lingua | thalanyu /t̪alaɲu/ | jarlinypa /caɭiɲpa/ | tjalinypa /caliɲpa/ | tjalinypa /caliɲpa/ | yarli /jaɭi/ | jalda leman /dʒalda leman/ | jalanypa /ɟalaɲpa/ |
| Mano | mara /maɻa/ | mara /maɻa/ | mara /maɻa/ | mara /maɻa/ | mara /maɾa/ | marlda /maɭda/ | rdaka /ɖaka/ |
| Piede | yina /jina/ | jina /cina/ | tjina /cina/ | tjina /cɪnɐ/ | idna /idna/ | jaa /dʒaː/ | wirliya /wiɭija/ |
| Cuore | pulpara /pulpaɻa/ | kurturtu /kuʈuʈu/ | kututu /kututu/ | kurunpa /kuɻunpa/ | yurlk-aka /juɭkaka/ | bulja /buldʒa/ | rduku-rduku /ɖukuɖuku/ |
| Osso | mambu /mambu/ | tarrka /tarka/ | tarrka /taɾka/ | tarka /taɻka/ | warlpu /waɭpu/ | kadma /kadma/ | larrpa /laɾpa/ |
| Sangue | nguba /ŋuba/ | miji /miɟi/ | milkali /milkali/ | milkali /milkali/ | arti /aʈi/ | kanda /kanda/ | yalyu /jaʎu/ |
| Cacca | wuna /wuna/ | — | kuna /kuna/ | kuna /kuna/ | udna /utna/ | — | kuna /kuna/ |
| Amore | kanyji /kaɲdʒi/ | mukulyu /mukuʎu/ | mukulya /mukuʎa/ | mukulya /mukuʎa/ | ngadha-pa- /ŋat̪apa/ | — /—/ | yulkami /julkami/ |
| Albero | parntany /paɳʈaɲ/ | warta /waʈa/ | punu /punu/ | punu /punu/ | wirti /wiʈi/ | thungal /θuŋal/ | watiya /watija/ |
| Cane | kuwiyarl /kuwijaɻl/ | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | wirlka /wiɭka/ | ngawa /ŋawa/ | jarntu /ɟaɳʈu/ |
| Gatto | paka /paka/ | — /—/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | mungalpa /muŋalpa/ |
| Pesce | wiitya /wiːca/ | yurta /juʈa/ | piitji /piːʈi/ | antipina /antipina/ | varru /varu/ | yaka /jaka/ | yawu /jawu/ |
| Farfalla | ngaabeera /ŋaːbeːra/ | — | pintapinta /pintapinta/ | pinta-pinta /pintapinta/ | arli vilhi-vilhi /aɭi vil̪i-vil̪i/ | — | pinta-pinta /pintapinta/ |
| Casa | nhurra /ɳuɻa/ | ngurra /ŋura/ | ngurra /ŋuɾa/ | ngura /ŋuɻa/ | wardrli /waʈɭi/ | ngambirr /ŋambir/ | yuwarli /juwaɭi/ |
| Mangiare | ngarna /ŋaɻna/ | ngalku- /ŋalku/ | ngalkuni /ŋalkuni/ | ngalkuni /ŋalkuni/ | ngarlku- /ŋaɭku/ | jitha /dʒiθa/ | ngarni /ŋaɳi/ |
| Bere | nyuna /ɲuna/ | jikirnu /cikiɳu/ | tjikini /cikini/ | tjikini /cikini/ | yapa- /japa/ | kurdama /kuɖama/ | purrami /puɾami/ |
| Dormire | wuupata /wuːpata/ | kunyalarri- /kuɲalari/ | kunkunpa /kunkunpa/ | kunkunarinyi /kuŋkunaɻiɲi/ | miya /mija/ | — | jarda ngunami /ɟaɖa ŋunami/ |
| Uno | kuyu /kuju/ | kuju /kucu/ | kutju /kucu/ | kutju /kucu/ | ubmanaka /upmanaka/ | warnge /waɾŋe/ | jinta /ɟinta/ |
| Due | wuthada /wut̪ada/ | kujarra /kucara/ | kutjarra /kucaɾa/ | kutjara /kucaɻa/ | alypilhanha /aʎpil̪an̪a/ | kiyarrng /kijaɾŋ/ | jirrama /ɟiɾama/ |
| Tre | marnngurdu /maɳŋuɖu/ | yurri /juri/ | tjirripala /ciripala/ | maṉkurpa /maɳkuɻpa/ | urlpa-rrina /uɭparina/ | mungkalan /muŋkalan/ | jirrama-kari-jinta /ɟiɾamakaɾiɟinta/ |
| Ciao | — /—/ | — /—/ | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Grazie | — /—/ | — /—/ | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Buono | walykumarra /waʎkumaɻa/ | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | warnrdu /waɳʈu/ | kuba /kuba/ | ngurrju /ŋuɾɟu/ |
| Rosso | marniwidi /maɳiwidi/ | miji-miji /miɟimiɟi/ | yulpa /julpa/ | tjitintjitinpa /tʃitintʃitinpa/ | yalhdhatyi /jal̪t̪aci/ | kandukan /kandukan/ | yalyu-yalyu /jaʎujaʎu/ |
| Bianco | wilidi /wilidi/ | ngintarlpa /ŋintaɭpa/ | piranpa /piɾanpa/ | piranpa /piɾanpa/ | upa /upa/ | — | kardirri /kaɖiɾi/ |
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