Ho
Austroasiatica (Munda)
Il ho è una lingua munda strettamente imparentata con il mundari (unr) e il santali (sat), originaria della regione di Singhbhum, nel Jharkhand e nell'Odisha. Possiede una propria scrittura indigena, il warang citi, ideata da Lako Bodra all'inizio del XX secolo come veicolo dell'autonomia culturale ho e oggi codificata in Unicode (U+118A0–U+118FF). I parlanti ho conservano ricche tradizioni orali fatte di canti stagionali, riti agricoli e guarigione tramite possessione spiritica.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in ho
Fonti
- Anderson, Gregory D. S., K. David Harrison & Anna Pucilowski (2010) Ho Talking Dictionary, Living Tongues Institute (ho.swarthmore.edu / ho.talkingdictionary.org) — the row is its IPA headwords in a Latin respelling (ʔ→ʼ, ɟ→j, c→ch, j→y, ː→doubled vowel, retroflex written plain), e.g. singi, sengel, ipil, nida, gama, hojo→hoyo, hasa, diri, buru, apu, nutum, lutur, leʔ, ti, ɟaŋ→jang, majom→mayom, seta, haku, oe, pampal, ɟarom→jarom, sadom, buluŋ, cauli→chauli, ɟom, nu, barija, apija, upunija, nama, punɖi, hende, cini→chini
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: Austroasiatica (Munda)
| Significato | Ho | Mundari | Santali | Lingua sora | Garo | Kuay | Bengalese |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | daʼ /daʔ/ | daʼ /daʔ/ | ᱫᱟᱜ /daʔ/ | daʼa /daʔa/ | chi· /tʃiʔ/ | diaʔ /diaʔ/ | জল /dʒɔl/ |
| Fuoco | sengel /seŋɡel/ | sengel /seŋɡel/ | ᱥᱮᱝᱜᱮᱞ /seŋɡel/ | toʼoge /toʔoɡe/ | wa·al /waʔal/ | uh /ʔuh/ | আগুন /aɡun/ |
| Sole | singi /siŋɡi/ | singi /siŋɡi/ | ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱤ /siŋɡi/ | uyung /ujuŋ/ | sal /sal/ | tʰaj /tʰaj/ | সূর্য /ʃuɾdʒo/ |
| Luna | chanduʼ /tʃanɖuʔ/ | chandu /tʃandu/ | ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱳ /tʃãndo/ | angai /aŋai/ | jajong /dʒadʒoŋ/ | luəŋ /luəŋ/ | চাঁদ /tʃãd/ |
| Stella | ipil /ipil/ | ipil /ipil/ | ᱤᱯᱤᱞ /ipil/ | tujtuj /tudʒtudʒ/ | aski /aski/ | ntar /ntaːr/ | তারা /taɾa/ |
| Notte | nida /nida/ | nida /nida/ | ᱱᱤᱫᱟ /nida/ | togal /toɡal/ | wal /wal/ | sadaw /sədaw/ | রাত /rat/ |
| Pioggia | gama /ɡama/ | gama /ɡama/ | ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ /dʒəɽi/ | gənúr /ɡənur/ | mikka /mikka/ | məmia /məmia/ | বৃষ্টি /ˈbriʃʈi/ |
| Neve | aril /aril/ | — | ᱦᱤᱢ /him/ | — | borop /borop/ | — | তুষার /tuʃar/ |
| Vento | hoyo /hojo/ | hoyo /hojo/ | ᱦᱚᱭ /hɔj/ | — | balwa /balwa/ | — | বাতাস /bataʃ/ |
| Terra | hasa /hasa/ | hasa /hasa/ | ᱚᱛ /ɔt/ | ləbó /ləbo/ | ha·a /haʔa/ | ktɛːʔ /ktɛːʔ/ | মাটি /maʈi/ |
| Pietra | diri /diri/ | diri /diri/ | ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ /dʱiri/ | areng /areŋ/ | rong·ti /roŋʔti/ | tamaw /təmaw/ | পাথর /ˈpatʰor/ |
| Montagna | buru /buru/ | buru /buru/ | ᱵᱩᱨᱩ /buru/ | baru /baru/ | ha·bri /haʔbri/ | bru /bru/ | পাহাড় /paˈhaɽ/ |
| Mare | doreya /doreja/ | samundar /samundar/ | ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ /dɔrja/ | — | sagal /saɡal/ | thle̤ː /tʰleː/ | সমুদ্র /ˈʃomudro/ |
| Madre | enga /enɡa/ | ayo /ajo/ | ᱟᱭᱳ /ajo/ | — /—/ | ama /ama/ | mə /mə/ | মা /ma/ |
| Padre | apu /apu/ | apu /apu/ | ᱟᱯᱟᱹ /apə/ | waʼan /waʔan/ | apa /apa/ | pə /pə/ | বাবা /baba/ |
| Figlia | kui hon /kui hon/ | kuri hon /kuɽi hon/ | ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ /hɔpɔn era/ | — | demechik /demetʃik/ | — | মেয়ে /mee/ |
| Io | añ /aɲ/ | aiñ /aiɲ/ | ᱤᱧ /iɲ/ | ɲen /ɲɛn/ | anga /aŋa/ | aɲ /ʔaɲ/ | আমি /ami/ |
| Tu | am /am/ | am /am/ | ᱟᱢ /am/ | am /am/ | na·a /naʔa/ | may /maj/ | তুমি /tumi/ |
| Noi | abu / ale /abu / ale/ | abu / ale /abu / ale/ | ᱟᱵᱚ / ᱟᱞᱮ /abo / ale/ | anlen /anlen/ | chinga / an·ching /tʃiŋa / anʔtʃiŋ/ | hmai /m̥aj/ | আমরা /amra/ |
| Nome | nutum /nutum/ | nutum /nutum/ | ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ /ɲutum/ | ɲum /ɲum/ | bimung /bimuŋ/ | mah /məh/ | নাম /nam/ |
| Persona | ho /ho/ | horo /hoɽo/ | ᱦᱚᱲ /hɔɽ/ | mandra /mandra/ | mande /mande/ | kuj /kuj/ | মানুষ /ˈmanuʃ/ |
| Testa | boʼ /boʔ/ | boʼ /boʔ/ | ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ /bohoʔ/ | bʼob /bʔob/ | sko /sko/ | plɑː /plɑː/ | মাথা /matʰa/ |
| Occhio | med /meɖ/ | med /med/ | ᱢᱮᱫ /met/ | mʼod /mʔod/ | mikron /mikron/ | mɜ̤t /mɜt/ | চোখ /tʃokʰ/ |
| Orecchio | lutur /lutur/ | lutur /lutur/ | ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ /lutur/ | lʼud /lʔud/ | nachil /natʃil/ | katɔr /kətɔr/ | কান /kan/ |
| Naso | muta /muʈa/ | mu /mũ/ | ᱢᱩ /mũ/ | mʼu /mʔu/ | gingting /ɡiŋtiŋ/ | muh /muh/ | নাক /nak/ |
| Bocca | aa /aː/ | moca /motʃa/ | ᱢᱚᱪᱟ /mɔtʃa/ | tʼod /tʔod/ | ku·sik /kuʔsik/ | nɔh /nɔh/ | মুখ /mukʰ/ |
| Dente | data /daʈa/ | data /data/ | ᱫᱟᱴᱟ /daʈa/ | jiʼi /dʒiʔi/ | wagam /waɡam/ | kaneːŋ /kəneːŋ/ | দাঁত /dãt/ |
| Lingua | leʼ /leʔ/ | leʼ /leʔ/ | ᱟᱞᱟᱝ /alaŋ/ | alang /alaŋ/ | sre /sre/ | ntaʔ /ntaʔ/ | জিভ /dʒibʱ/ |
| Mano | ti /ti/ | ti /ti/ | ᱛᱤ /tiː/ | si /si/ | jak /dʒak/ | təy /təj/ | হাত /hat/ |
| Piede | kata /kata/ | kata /kata/ | ᱡᱟᱝᱜᱟ /dʒaŋɡa/ | jeng /dʒeŋ/ | ja·pa /dʒapa/ | ɟɯːŋ /ɟɯːŋ/ | পা /pa/ |
| Cuore | jii /dʒiː/ | jiu /dʒiu/ | ᱢᱳᱱ /mon/ | suʼun /suʔun/ | ka·tong /kaʔtoŋ/ | chlaj /tʃʰlaj/ | হৃদয় /hɾidɔe̯/ |
| Osso | jang /dʒaŋ/ | jang /dʒaŋ/ | ᱡᱟᱝ /dʒaŋ/ | ayang /ajaŋ/ | greng /ɡreŋ/ | hŋaːŋ /ŋ̊aːŋ/ | হাড় /haɽ/ |
| Sangue | mayom /majom/ | mayam /majam/ | ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ /majam/ | minyam /miɲam/ | an·chi /anʔtʃi/ | ʔəham /ʔəham/ | রক্ত /rɔkto/ |
| Cacca | iʼ /iʔ/ | iʼ /iʔ/ | ᱤᱡ /iʔ/ | — | ki·i /kiʔi/ | klɑːŋ /klɑːŋ/ | হাগু /haɡu/ |
| Amore | dular /dulaɽ/ | dularaa /dularaː/ | ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱲᱤ /dulaɽi/ | adi /adi/ | ka·sa /kaʔsa/ | phɯ /pʰɯ/ | ভালোবাসা /bʱalobaʃa/ |
| Albero | daru /daru/ | daru /daru/ | ᱫᱟᱨᱮ /dare/ | ara /ara/ | bol /bol/ | ʔəŋ /ʔəŋ/ | গাছ /ɡatʃʰ/ |
| Cane | seta /seta/ | seta /seta/ | ᱥᱮᱛᱟ /seta/ | kinsod /kinsod/ | achak /atʃak/ | ca /caː/ | কুকুর /kukuɾ/ |
| Gatto | bile /bile/ | pusi /pusi/ | ᱯᱩᱥᱤ /pusi/ | biri /biri/ | menggo /meŋɡo/ | chhlɔːk /tʃʰlɔːk/ | বিড়াল /biɽal/ |
| Pesce | haku /haku/ | hai /hai/ | ᱦᱟᱠᱳ /hako/ | ayo /ajo/ | na·tok /naʔtok/ | ka /kaː/ | মাছ /matʃʰ/ |
| Uccello | oe /oe/ | ore /oɽe/ | ᱪᱮᱺᱬᱮᱹ /tʃẽɽeʔ/ | ontid /ontid/ | do·o /doʔo/ | cɛm /cɛm/ | পাখি /pakʰi/ |
| Farfalla | pampal /pampal/ | — | ᱯᱤᱯᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹᱝ /pipiɽijɔŋ/ | — | me·pilip /meʔpilip/ | mphlaːp mphlaːp /mpʰlaːp mpʰlaːp/ | প্রজাপতি /prɔdʒapɔti/ |
| Uovo | jarom /dʒarom/ | jarom /dʒarom/ | ᱵᱤᱞᱤ /bili/ | arre /arre/ | do·chi /doʔtʃi/ | nthrɛ̤ːl /ntʰrɛːl/ | ডিম /ɖim/ |
| Orso | balu /balu/ | bana /bana/ | ᱵᱟᱱᱟ /bana/ | kembud /kəmbud/ | makbil /makbil/ | — | ভালুক /bʱaluk/ |
| Cavallo | sadom /sadom/ | sadom /sadom/ | ᱥᱟᱫᱚᱢ /sadɔm/ | — | gora /ɡora/ | — | ঘোড়া /ɡʱoɽa/ |
| Casa | owaʼ /owaʔ/ | oraa /oraː/ | ᱳᱲᱟᱜ /oɽaːk/ | suʼuŋ /suʔuŋ/ | nok /nok/ | pno /pno/ | বাড়ি /baɽi/ |
| Latte | towa /towa/ | toa /toa/ | ᱛᱳᱚ /toa/ | — | sok /sok/ | nom /nom/ | দুধ /dudʱ/ |
| Miele | lele rasi /lele rasi/ | hurum suku /hurum suku/ | ᱧᱮᱞᱮ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ /ɲele rasa/ | — | bija bitchi /bidʒa bitʃi/ | — | মধু /modʱu/ |
| Sale | bulung /buluŋ/ | bulung /buluŋ/ | ᱵᱩᱞᱩᱝ /buluŋ/ | basid /basid/ | kasim /kasim/ | phɑ̤ːh /pʰɑːh/ | নুন /nun/ |
| Riso | chauli /tʃauli/ | chauli /tʃauli/ | ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ /tʃawle/ | ronko /roŋko/ | mi /mi/ | ŋkaːw /ŋkaːw/ | চাল /tʃal/ |
| Ferro | meed /meːɖ/ | mered /meɽeɖ/ | ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ /meɳhet/ | — | sil /sil/ | taːʔ /taːʔ/ | লোহা /loɦa/ |
| Ruota | cakka /tʃakka/ | cakka /tʃakka/ | ᱪᱚᱠ /tʃɔk/ | sakkaɖin /sakkaɖin/ | chakka /tʃakka/ | kɑŋ /kɑŋ/ | চাকা /tʃaka/ |
| Libro | puti /puti/ | kitab /kitab/ | ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ /putʰi/ | — | ki·tap /kiʔtap/ | — | বই /boi/ |
| Mangiare | jom /dʒom/ | jom /dʒom/ | ᱡᱳᱢ /dʒom/ | jum /dʒum/ | cha·a /tʃaʔa/ | sap /sap/ | খাওয়া /kʰaoa/ |
| Bere | nu /nu/ | nu /nu/ | ᱧᱩ /ɲu/ | ga- /ɡa/ | ringa /riŋa/ | suəm /suəm/ | পান করা /pan kɔɾa/ |
| Dormire | duum /duːm/ | durum /durum/ | ᱡᱟᱯᱤᱫ /dʒapid/ | dib-mʼad-da /dibmʔadda/ | tua /tua/ | ŋɛt /ŋɛt/ | ঘুমানো /ɡʱumano/ |
| Uno | miyad /mijad/ | mid /mid/ | ᱢᱤᱫ /mit/ | aboy /aboj/ | sa /sa/ | mṳːy /muj/ | এক /ɛk/ |
| Due | bariya /barija/ | baria /barija/ | ᱵᱟᱨ /bar/ | baguu /baɡuː/ | gni /ɡni/ | bia /bia/ | দুই /dui/ |
| Tre | apiya /apija/ | apia /apija/ | ᱯᱮ /pɛ/ | yagi /jaɡi/ | gittam /ɡittam/ | pei /pəj/ | তিন /tin/ |
| Quattro | upunia /upunija/ | upunia /upunija/ | ᱯᱩᱱ /pun/ | unji /undʒi/ | bri /bri/ | apɔːn /ʔapɔːn/ | চার /tʃar/ |
| Cinque | mooya /moːja/ | morea /moɽea/ | ᱢᱚᱬᱮ /mɔɽɛ/ | monloy /monloj/ | bonga /boŋa/ | asʌːŋ /ʔasʌːŋ/ | পাঁচ /pãtʃ/ |
| Cento | mi sao /mi sao/ | sae /sae/ | ᱥᱟᱭ /sae/ | — | ritcha /ritʃa/ | muːj ruʌj /muːj ruʌj/ | একশো /ɛkʃo/ |
| Ciao | johar /dʒohar/ | johar /dʒohar/ | ᱡᱳᱦᱟᱨ /dʒohar/ | limtam /limtam/ | name dongama /name doŋama/ | sabaaj /sabaːj/ | নমস্কার /nɔmɔʃkaɾ/ |
| Grazie | dhanybad /dʱaɲbad/ | dhonyobad /dʱoɲobad/ | ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱭᱚᱵᱟᱫ /dʱonjobad/ | surai /surai/ | mittela /mitːela/ | khɔp /kʰɔp/ | ধন্যবাদ /dʱonnobad/ |
| Buono | bugin /buɡin/ | bugin /buɡin/ | ᱵᱮᱥ /bes/ | bangsa /baŋsa/ | nama /nama/ | ɟɔ /ɟɔ/ | ভালো /bʱalo/ |
| Nuovo | nama /nama/ | nawa /nawa/ | ᱱᱟᱣᱟ /nawa/ | tamme /tamme/ | gittal /ɡittal/ | tamaj /təmaj/ | নতুন /nɔtun/ |
| Rosso | jenga /dʒeŋɡa/ | arag /araʔ/ | ᱟᱨᱟᱜ /araɡ/ | jʼe /dʒʔe/ | gitchak /ɡittʃak/ | kəsaw /kəsaw/ | লাল /lal/ |
| Bianco | pundi /puɳɖi/ | pundi /puɳɖi/ | ᱯᱳᱱᱰ /ponɖ/ | palu /palu/ | gipbok /ɡipbok/ | buaʔ /buaʔ/ | সাদা /ʃada/ |
| Nero | hende /hende/ | hende /hende/ | ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ /hɛnde/ | jaga /dʒaɡa/ | gisim /ɡisim/ | twɛɲ /twɛɲ/ | কালো /kalo/ |
| Blu | niil /niːl/ | lil /lil/ | ᱞᱤᱞ /lil/ | — | gisim /ɡisim/ | — | নীল /nil/ |
| Tè | chaa /tʃaː/ | cha /tʃa/ | ᱪᱟ /tʃa/ | — | cha /tʃa/ | tɛː /tɛː/ | চা /tʃa/ |
| Caffè | kaba /kaba/ | — | ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ /kɔpʰi/ | — | — | — | কফি /kofi/ |
| Zucchero | chini /tʃini/ | chini /tʃini/ | ᱪᱤᱱᱤ /tʃini/ | — | chini /tʃini/ | ŋʔɑːj /ŋʔɑːj/ | চিনি /tʃini/ |
| Arancia | santara /santara/ | — | — | — | — | — | কমলা /komla/ |
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