Na:tinixwe Mixine:whe’
Hupa
Na-Dené (athabaska, costa del Pacifico)
Il hupa (Na:tinixwe Mixine:whe', «la lingua del popolo della Hoopa Valley») è una lingua athabaska della costa pacifica della California nord-occidentale, sorella del chilula e del whilkut. Possiede un tipico sistema verbale classificatorio athabaska con morfologia prefissante, fricative laterali (ɬ) ed eiettive. Oggi conta solo una manciata di anziani parlanti madrelingua (L1), ma è al centro di un'intensa rivitalizzazione tribale che comprende scuole a immersione.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in hupa
Fonti
- Golla, Victor (1996) Hupa Language Dictionary. Second edition. Hoopa Valley Tribal Council.
- Sapir, Edward & Golla, Victor (2001) The Collected Works of Edward Sapir XIV: Northwest California Linguistics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
- Glottolog: Hupa
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: Na-Dené (athabaska, costa del Pacifico)
| Significato | Hupa | Koyukon | Apache occidentale | Navajo | Wichita | Carrier | Chipewyan |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | taʼna:n /taʔnaːn/ | too /toː/ | tú /tú/ | tó /tʰó/ | kicʔa /kitsʔa/ | too /tu/ | tu /tu/ |
| Fuoco | xongʼ /xoŋʔ/ | kkunʼ /kːunʔ/ | kǫʼ /kṍʔ/ | kǫʼ /kʰõ̀ʔ/ | heːcʔa /heːtsʔa/ | kwun /kʷun/ | kón /kón/ |
| Sole | wha /hʷa/ | so /so/ | yaʼáí /jaʔáí/ | jóhonaaʼéí /tʃóhònàːʔéí/ | saːkhirʔa /saːkʰiɾʔa/ | sa /sa/ | sa /sa/ |
| Luna | hwa-ʼangʼ /hwaʔɑŋʔ/ | dołtʼolee /doɬtʼoliː/ | tłʼéʼgonaʼáí /tɬʼéʔɡonaʔáí/ | tłʼéhonaaʼéí /tɬʼéhònɑ̀ːʔéí/ | waːh /waːh/ | ʼulhdzis oozaʼ /ʔuɬdzis oːzaʔ/ | ɂełdzi /ʔeɬdzi/ |
| Stella | tsingʼ /tsiŋʔ/ | tłoonʼ /tɬoːnʔ/ | tsʼiłsǫǫsé /tsʼiɬsõːsé/ | sǫʼ /sõ̀ʔ/ | hiːkwirikʔa /hiːkʷiɾikʔa/ | sum /sum/ | tthë́n /tθén/ |
| Notte | xiłeʼ /xiɬeʔ/ | łida /ɬida/ | tłʼéʼ /tɬʼéʔ/ | tłʼééʼ /tɬʼéːʔ/ | ckhaːrʔa /tskʰaːɾʔa/ | ʼulhdzis /ʔuɬdzis/ | tëdhe /teðe/ |
| Neve | nundil /nʊndɪl/ | tseetl /tsʰiːtɬʰ/ | zas /zas/ | yas /jɑ̀s/ | hiraːʔa /hiɾaːʔa/ | yus̲ /jus/ | yath /jaθ/ |
| Terra | ninʼ /nɪnʔ/ | ninʼ /ninʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | łeezh /ɬèːʒ/ | — | yun /jun/ | ní /ní/ |
| Madre | -anʼ /-anʔ/ | eenaa /iːnaː/ | shimaa /ʃimaː/ | shimá /ʃimá/ | eciyeːh /etsijeːh/ | oo /oː/ | ɂené /ʔené/ |
| Padre | -taʼ /-taʔ/ | eetaa /iːtaː/ | shitaa /ʃitaː/ | shizhéʼé /ʃiʒéʔé/ | taːtah /taːtah/ | abe /abe/ | setá /setá/ |
| Figlia | -tse:ʼ /-tseːʔ/ | — | shitsiʼ /ʃitsiʔ/ | shichʼéʼé /ʃitʃʼéʔé/ | — | oot̲s̲eʼ /oːtseʔ/ | seyaz tsʼékui /sejaz tsʼékui/ |
| Io | whe /hʷe/ | see /siː/ | shíí /ʃíː/ | shí /ʃí/ | nacʔih /natsʔih/ | si /si/ | si /si/ |
| Tu | ning /nɪŋ/ | ninh /ninh/ | ni /ni/ | ni /nì/ | nasʔih /nasʔih/ | nen /nen/ | nën /nen/ |
| Noi | nehe /nehe/ | — /—/ | nohwí /nohwí/ | nihí /nihí/ | — /—/ | neni /neni/ | nuhni /nuhni/ |
| Nome | -ooziʼ /oːzɪʔ/ | oos /oːs/ | -zhiʼ /ʒiʔ/ | ázhiʼ /ʔáʒìʔ/ | hissaːrʔa /hissaːɾʔa/ | uzi /uzi/ | bįzį́ /bĩzĩ́/ |
| Persona | kʼiwinyaʼa:n /kʲʼiwinjaʔaːn/ | dinaa /dinaː/ | nnee /nːeː/ | diné /tìné/ | ihaas /ihaas/ | dune /dune/ | dëne /dene/ |
| Occhio | -na:ʼ /-nɑːʔ/ | -noghaʼ /noɣaʔ/ | bináá /bináː/ | anááʼ /ʔanáːʔ/ | kirikʔa /kiɾikʔa/ | oona /oːna/ | dënenaghé /denenaʁé/ |
| Orecchio | -chiwʼ /-tʃiwʔ/ | — | shijaaʼ /ʃidʒaːʔ/ | ajaaʼ /ʔɑ̀tʃɑ̀ːʔ/ | — | ʼudzo /ʔudzo/ | dënedzaghé /denedzaʁé/ |
| Bocca | -daʼ /-daʔ/ | — | bizéʼ /bizéʔ/ | azééʼ /ʔɑ̀zéːʔ/ | — | ʼuẕe /ʔuze/ | dënedhá /deneðá/ |
| Dente | -woʼ /-woʔ/ | aghoʼ /aɣoʔ/ | ghoʼ /ɣoʔ/ | awooʼ /ʔɑ̀wòːʔ/ | aːkʔa /aːkʔa/ | ughu /uɣu/ | dëneghú /deneʁú/ |
| Lingua | sastan /sastan/ | łolaʼ /ɬolaʔ/ | bizaad /bizaːd/ | atsooʼ /atsoːʔ/ | hacʼa /hatsʔa/ | ecula /etsula/ | dënetthú /denetθú/ |
| Mano | -laʼ /-laʔ/ | -loʼ /loʔ/ | bigan /biɡan/ | álaʼ /ʔɑ́lɑ̀ʔ/ | iskʔa /iskʔa/ | la /la/ | ela /ela/ |
| Piede | -xeʼ /-xeʔ/ | -kkaaʼ /kːaːʔ/ | shikee /ʃikeː/ | akeeʼ /ʔàkʰèːʔ/ | asʔa /asʔa/ | ʼuke /ʔuke/ | eke /eke/ |
| Cuore | -ping /-piŋ/ | -dzaayaʼ /tsaːjaʔ/ | bijíí /bidʒíː/ | ajéí /ʔɑ̀tʃéí/ | sikicʔa /sikitsʔa/ | ʼunjid /ʔundʒid/ | dënedzié /denedzié/ |
| Osso | -tsʼinʼ /-tsʼinʔ/ | tlʼinh /tɬʼinh/ | tsʼin /tsʼin/ | tsʼin /tsʼìn/ | kiːsʔa /kiːsʔa/ | ootsʼun /oːtsʼun/ | tthʼën /tθʼen/ |
| Sangue | tse:lin /tseːlin/ | lakkona /lakːona/ | dił /diɬ/ | dił /tìɬ/ | waːckicʔa /waːtskitsʔa/ | delel /delel/ | del /del/ |
| Cacca | chwungʼ /tʃʷuŋʔ/ | — | bichan /bitʃan/ | chąąʼ /tʃʰɑ̃̀ːʔ/ | — | tsan /tsan/ | tsą́ /tsã́/ |
| Amore | na-wh-ʼishtʼeʼn /nɑwʔɪʃtʼɛʔn/ | kʼoonejee /kʼooneʒeː/ | ayóigóʼíí /ʔajóiɣóʔíː/ | ayóóʼánóshʼní /ʔɑ̀jóːʔɑ́nóʃʔní/ | — /—/ | sjut /sdʒut/ | yeghąnétą /jeʁãnétã/ |
| Albero | kin /kɪn/ | kʼeyh /kʼejh/ | chʼil /tʃʼil/ | tsin /tsʰìn/ | tiyaːhkw /tijaːhkʷ/ | dechen /detʃen/ | dechen /detʃen/ |
| Cane | łingʼ /ɬiŋʔ/ | łeek /ɬeːk/ | góshé /ɡóʃé/ | łééchąąʼí /ɬéːtʃʰɑ̃̀ːʔí/ | kiciyeːh /kitsijeːh/ | lhi /ɬi/ | łį /ɬĩ/ |
| Gatto | — /—/ | dotonh /dotonh/ | gídí /ɡídí/ | mósí /mósí/ | — /—/ | gus /ɡus/ | mįnus /mĩnus/ |
| Pesce | ło:qʼ /ɬoːqʼ/ | tookkʼa /toːkʼa/ | łóg /ɬóɡ/ | łóóʼ /ɬóːʔ/ | kaːcʔa /kaːtsʔa/ | lho /ɬo/ | łue /ɬue/ |
| Orso | sa:tsʼ /saːtsʼ/ | sis /sis/ | shash /ʃaʃ/ | shash /ʃɑ̀ʃ/ | — | sus /sus/ | sas /sas/ |
| Cavallo | łingʼ /ɬiŋʔ/ | — | łį́į́ʼ /ɬĩːʔ/ | łį́į́ʼ /ɬĩ́ːʔ/ | — | yeztli /jeztli/ | łįchok /ɬĩtʃok/ |
| Casa | xontah /xontɑh/ | yah /jah/ | kįh /kĩh/ | hooghan /hòːɣɑ̀n/ | akhaːrʔa /akʰaːɾʔa/ | yoh /joh/ | kuę /kuɛ̃/ |
| Sale | łehqʼonchʼ /ɬehqʼontʃʼ/ | sol /sol/ | ishįįh /ʔiʃĩːh/ | áshįįh /ʔáʃĩːh/ | — | lisel /lisel/ | dedhay /deðaj/ |
| Mangiare | na-ya:n /nɑjɑːn/ | kʼahonh /kʼahonh/ | yiyąą /jijãː/ | yishą́ /jiʃã́/ | kaʔac /kaʔats/ | ʼoonjuh /ʔoːndʒuh/ | shétį /ʃétĩ/ |
| Bere | na-ʼa:n /nɑʔɑːn/ | kʼisinoonh /kʼisinoːnh/ | yidlą /jidlã/ | yishdlą́ /jiʃtɬã́/ | kikʔa /kikʔa/ | dunjuh /dundʒuh/ | hedą /hedã/ |
| Uno | łaʼ /ɬaʔ/ | kʼeetakkʼee /kʼiːtakʼiː/ | dáłaʼá /dáɬaʔá/ | tʼááłáʼí /tʼɑ́ːɬɑ́ʔí/ | chiʔass /tsʰiʔass/ | ʼulhah /ʔuɬah/ | įłaghe /ĩɬaʁe/ |
| Due | nahx /nahx/ | niteekkʼee /nitiːkʼiː/ | naki /naki/ | naaki /nɑ̀ːkʰì/ | wic /wits/ | nanki /nanki/ | nake /nake/ |
| Tre | ta:qʼ /taːqʼ/ | tokkʼee /tokʼiː/ | táági /táːɡi/ | tááʼ /tʰáːʔ/ | taw /taw/ | ta /ta/ | taghe /taʁe/ |
| Quattro | dinkʼ /dinkʼ/ | — | dįįʼ /dĩːʔ/ | dį́įʼ /tĩ́ːʔ/ | taːkwic /taːkʷits/ | dunghi /dunɣi/ | dįghį /dĩʁĩ/ |
| Cinque | chwolaʼ /tʃʷolaʔ/ | — | ashdlaʼ /aʃdlaʔ/ | ashdlaʼ /ʔɑ̀ʃtɬɑ̀ʔ/ | — | kwulaiʼ /kʷulaiʔ/ | sųlaghe /sũlaʁe/ |
| Cento | łaʼ-dikin /ɬaʔdikʲin/ | — | gonenadín /ɡonenadín/ | neeznádiin /nèːznɑ́tìːn/ | — | whunizyat whunizyai /xʷunizjat xʷunizjai/ | łónona /ɬónona/ |
| Ciao | tsʼehdiyaʼ /tsʼɛhdɪjaʔ/ | — /—/ | dagotʼee /daɡotʼeː/ | yáʼátʼééh /jɑ́ʔɑ́tʼéːh/ | — /—/ | ʼahdoozaee /ʔahdoːzaː/ | edlanetʼe /edlanetʼe/ |
| Grazie | na:nehs-ʼe:n /nɑːnɛhsʔɛːn/ | baaseeʼ /baːseːʔ/ | ahíyiʼé /ʔahíjiʔé/ | ahéheeʼ /ʔɑ̀héhèːʔ/ | — /—/ | snachailya /snatʃailja/ | mąsi chok /mãsi tʃok/ |
| Buono | niwhong /nɪwhoŋ/ | nizoonh /nizoːnh/ | nzhǫǫ /nʒõː/ | yáʼátʼééh /jɑ́ʔɑ́tʼéːh/ | acs /atss/ | nezuʼ /nezuʔ/ | nezų /nezũ/ |
| Rosso | łitsʼ /ɬitsʼ/ | nełtseeyh /neɬtseːjh/ | łichíí /ɬitʃíː/ | łichííʼ /ɬìtʃʰíːʔ/ | kwhaːc /kʷʰaːts/ | delqʼun /delqʼun/ | delkʼoz /delkʼoz/ |
| Bianco | łiqay /ɬɪqɑj/ | — | łigai /ɬiɡai/ | łigai /ɬìkɑ̀ì/ | — | ʼulhyul /ʔuɬjul/ | delgai /delɡai/ |
| Verde | łitsow /ɬitsow/ | — | dotłʼizh /dotɬʼiʒ/ | dootłʼizh /tòːtɬʼìʒ/ | — | dultlʼuz /dutɬʼuz/ | dzeretłʼes látʼį /dzeretɬʼes látʼĩ/ |
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