Kanhgág
Lingua kaingang
Macro-Jê (meridionale Jê)
Il kaingang (ISO 639-3: kgp), autonimo Kanhgág, è una lingua jê meridionale del ceppo macro-jê e una delle lingue indigene più parlate del Brasile: circa 27.000 persone la usano (censimento 2022) in una trentina di terre indigene degli stati meridionali del Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná e San Paolo. La sua fonologia è nota per l'armonia nasale: la nasalità si propaga nella parola, così che le occlusive sonore si realizzano come consonanti nasali o prenasalizzate a seconda delle vocali vicine. Si scrive con un'ortografia a base latina messa a punto da Ursula Wiesemann per la scuola e la traduzione biblica, il cui dizionario kaingang-portoghese resta il riferimento lessicale.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in lingua kaingang
café
Fonti
- UT Austin Hunter-Gatherer Language Database #91 (Kaingáng), based on U. Wiesemann’s documentation
- Wiesemann, Ursula (2011) Dicionário Kaingang–Português Português–Kaingang (Editora Evangélica Esperança)
- Speaker count: IBGE 2022 Census
- Glottolog kain1272; ISO 639-3 kgp
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: Macro-Jê (meridionale Jê)
| Significato | Lingua kaingang | Lingua yanomami | Lingua dâw | Lingua baniwa | Lingua makushi | Lingua karajá | Lingua nivaclé |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | goj /ŋoj/ | maũ ũ /maũ ũ/ | nǝ̌x /nə̌x/ | óoni /óoni/ | tuna /tuna/ | be /be/ | inɔʔt /inɔʔt/ |
| Fuoco | pĩ /pĩ/ | koa wakə /koa wakə/ | bohõ̂ /bohõ̂/ | ttídzee /t̪ídzee/ | apóó /apóó/ | heɔtɨ /heɔtɨ/ | itɔx /itɔx/ |
| Sole | rã /ɾã/ | motʰoka /motʰoka/ | xɨtɨ̂m /xɨtɨ̂m/ | kámoi /kámoi/ | wéi /wéi/ | tʃuu /tʃuu/ | xunkuklaʔj /xunkuklaʔj/ |
| Luna | kysã /kɨsã/ | peɾipo /peɾipo/ | xɨtɨ̂m /xɨtɨ̂m/ | kéeri /kéeɻi/ | kapói /kapói/ | ahãdu /ahãdu/ | xiweʔkla /xiweʔkla/ |
| Stella | krĩg /kɾĩŋ/ | ʃitikaɾi /ʃitikaɾi/ | mʼæ̃̌h /mʼæ̃̌h/ | hiwírhi /hiwíɻhi/ | sírikɨ́ /sírikɨ́/ | taina /taina/ | katiʔs /katiʔs/ |
| Notte | kuty /kutɨ/ | titi ha /titi ha/ | cem /cem/ | déepi /déepi/ | ewaron /ewaron/ | ruu /ruu/ | tuɬ /tuɬ/ |
| Pioggia | ta /ta/ | maː /maː/ | doɟ /doɟ/ | íidza /íidza/ | konoʔ /konoʔ/ | biu /biu/ | tʃanu /tʃanu/ |
| Neve | kukryr kó /kukɾɨɾ ko/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | jekleʃe /jekleʃe/ |
| Vento | kãka /kãka/ | watoɾi /watoɾi/ | hǒt /hǒt/ | káwaaɺe /káwaaɺe/ | aʔsitun /aʔsitun/ | ɨhɨ /ɨhɨ/ | ɬawiʔm /ɬawiʔm/ |
| Terra | ga /ŋa/ | maʃitʰa /maʃitʰa/ | cax /cax/ | híipai /híipai/ | non /non/ | — /—/ | kotsxaʔt /kotsxaʔt/ |
| Pietra | pó /pɔ/ | maa ma /maa ma/ | pǎʃ /pǎʃ/ | hiipada /hiipada/ | tɨʔ /tɨʔ/ | mɨna /mɨna/ | utex /utex/ |
| Montagna | pãnónh /pãnɔɲ/ | hehu /hehu/ | — | hidzápa /hidzápa/ | wɨʔ /wɨʔ/ | hãwãlɔ /hãwãlɔ/ | utejuk /utejuk/ |
| Mare | goj kafã tũ /ŋoj kaɸã tũ/ | — | — | — | pɨranna /pɨranːa/ | — | ɬkatsʼi towkojtsa /ɬkatsʼi towkojtsa/ |
| Madre | mỹnh /mə̃ɲ/ | najə /najə/ | mɛ̃ʔ /mɛ̃ʔ/ | hádoa /hádoa/ | maʔmá /maʔmá/ | adi /adi/ | mimi /mimi/ |
| Padre | panh /pãɲ/ | hajə /hajə/ | ʔǐp /ʔǐp/ | hániɻi /hániɻi/ | paʔpá /paʔpá/ | təbɨ /təbɨ/ | tata /tata/ |
| Figlia | kósin fi /kɔsin ɸi/ | — | — | — | yensi /jensi/ | deei /deːi/ | ɔse /ɔse/ |
| Io | inh /ʔĩɲ/ | ja /ja/ | ʔãh /ʔãh/ | nhóa /nhóa/ | urɨ /urɨ/ | dʒiarɨ̃ /dʒiarɨ̃/ | jiwaatʃa /jiwaatʃa/ |
| Tu | ã /ʔã/ | wa /wa/ | ʔãm /ʔãm/ | phía /pʰía/ | ámɨrɨ́ /ámɨrɨ́/ | kai /kai/ | awaatʃa /awaatʃa/ |
| Noi | ẽg /ʔẽŋ/ | pəmakə /pəmakə/ | ʔid /ʔid/ | wha /wha/ | uurɨʔnɨkon / anna /uurɨʔnɨkon / anna/ | dʒiarɨ̃ boho /dʒiarɨ̃ boho/ | kaswaatʃa / jiwaatʃeeɬ /kaswaatʃa / jiwaatʃeeɬ/ |
| Nome | jiji /jiji/ | wãhã /wãhã/ | xǎt /xǎt/ | iipítana /iipítana/ | yeseʔ /jeseʔ/ | ni /ni/ | ej /ej/ |
| Persona | kanhgág /kaɲŋəŋ/ | jãnõmãmɨ /jãnõmãmɨ/ | — | newíki /newíki/ | pemonkon /pemoŋkoŋ/ | inɨ /inɨ/ | niwakle /niwakle/ |
| Testa | krĩ /kɾĩ/ | he /he/ | nũh /nũh/ | hiwída /hiwída/ | puʔpai /puʔpai/ | rati /rati/ | ʃatitʃ /ʃatitʃ/ |
| Occhio | kanẽ /kanẽ/ | mamo /mamo/ | tɨm /tɨm/ | thi /thi/ | énu /énu/ | rue /rue/ | tɔsex /tɔsex/ |
| Orecchio | nĩgrẽg /nĩŋɾẽŋ/ | jɨmɨkakɨ /jɨmɨkakɨ/ | xũ̂j /xũ̂j/ | héeni /héeni/ | pana /pana/ | nohõti /nohõti/ | kfeʔ /kfeʔ/ |
| Naso | nĩjẽ /nĩjẽ/ | hu /hu/ | tôɟ /tôɟ/ | hitáko /hitáko/ | yeuna /jeuna/ | deiãsɨ̃ /deiãsɨ̃/ | naʔʃ /naʔʃ/ |
| Bocca | jẽnky /jẽnkɨ/ | kahikɨ /kahikɨ/ | nɔ̃h /nɔ̃h/ | nóma /nóma/ | mutá /mutá/ | irɨ /irɨ/ | aʃi /aʃi/ |
| Dente | jã /jã/ | nakɨ /nakɨ/ | tǝg /təɡ/ | eétsha /eétʃa/ | yé /jé/ | dʒuu /dʒuu/ | tsewte /tsewte/ |
| Lingua | nũnẽ /nũnẽ/ | aka /aka/ | nɔ̃hkæ̂d /nɔ̃hkæ̂d/ | eenéne /eenéne/ | nu /nu/ | dɔrɔtɔ /dɔrɔtɔ/ | tʃʼakletʃ /tʃʼakletʃ/ |
| Mano | nĩgé /nĩŋɛ/ | imɨkɨ /imɨkɨ/ | ʃôb /ʃôb/ | káapi /káapi/ | míá /míá/ | debɔ /debɔ/ | pɔʔkɔt /pɔʔkɔt/ |
| Piede | pẽn /pẽn/ | mamikɨ /mamikɨ/ | cɨ̌m /cɨ̌m/ | híipa /híipa/ | puu /puu/ | wa /wa/ | foʔ /foʔ/ |
| Cuore | fe ror /ɸɛ ɾoɾ/ | koko pata /koko pata/ | hæ̃g tôj /hæ̃ɡ tôj/ | kaale /kaaɺe/ | yewan /jewan/ | telesõ /telesõ/ | ɬiʔwte /ɬiʔwte/ |
| Osso | kuka /kuka/ | ũ /ũ/ | kɛg /kɛɡ/ | áapi /áapi/ | yeʔpɨ /jeʔpɨ/ | ti /ti/ | nuʔ /nuʔ/ |
| Sangue | kyvénh /kɨwɛɲ/ | ĩjə̃ĩjə̃pə /ĩjə̃ĩjə̃pə/ | jɨ̂w /jɨ̂w/ | iiránaa /iiɻánaa/ | mɨ́ŋ /mɨ́ŋ/ | hãləbu /hãləbu/ | wojej /wojej/ |
| Cacca | jãfa /jãˈɸa/ | ʃi /ʃi/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Amore | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | saʔnama /saʔnama/ | luu /luu/ | — /—/ |
| Albero | ka /ka/ | hii hi /hii hi/ | təg /təɡ/ | háiko /háiko/ | yéi /jéi/ | ɔwɔru /ɔwɔru/ | aʔkxutajuk /aʔkxutajuk/ |
| Cane | hoghog /hoŋhoŋ/ | tʰãɾi /tʰãɾi/ | jãm /jãm/ | tsíino /tsíino/ | areimaraaká /areimaraaká/ | idʒɔrɔsa /idʒɔrɔsa/ | nuʔu /nuʔu/ |
| Gatto | mĩg sĩ /mĩŋ sĩ/ | mɨʃɨ /mɨʃɨ/ | — /—/ | pitsána /pitsána/ | pisana /pisana/ | hãloeni /hãloeni/ | tanuk /tanuk/ |
| Pesce | pirã /piɾã/ | juɾi /juɾi/ | hãːp /hãːp/ | kóphe /kúpʰe/ | moróʔ /moróʔ/ | ətora /ətora/ | saxetʃ /saxetʃ/ |
| Uccello | sẽsĩ /sɛ̃sĩ/ | seimɨ /seimɨ/ | təwə́t /təwə́t/ | áadaro /áadaɻo/ | toron /toron/ | nawii /nawii/ | ɔxɔklɔ /ɔxɔklɔ/ |
| Farfalla | toto /toto/ | uwãuwãmɨ /uwãuwãmɨ/ | mem /mem/ | makálo /makálo/ | peppeʔ /pepːeʔ/ | otʃiʃa /otʃiʃa/ | wosok /wosok/ |
| Uovo | o /o/ | natʰe /natʰe/ | tɨ̌p /tɨ̌p/ | éewhe /éewhe/ | pomói /pomói/ | si /si/ | ɬʃajkʼu /ɬʃajkʼu/ |
| Cavallo | kãvãru /kãvãɾu/ | — | — | — | kaware /kaware/ | awaru /awaru/ | kuwɔju /kuwɔju/ |
| Casa | ĩn /ʔĩn/ | ʃapono /ʃapono/ | tɔp /tɔp/ | pántti /pánt̪i/ | wɨttɨ /wɨttɨ/ | heto /heto/ | xpɔjitʃ /xpɔjitʃ/ |
| Latte | leite /lejte/ | suhe upə /suhe upə/ | — | — | paaka manatɨ yekku /paaka manatɨ jekːu/ | howɨ̃sɨ /howɨ̃sɨ/ | tsʼoʔs /tsʼoʔs/ |
| Miele | mỹg /mɨ̃ŋ/ | puu /puu/ | — | doni /doni/ | wan /wan/ | bədi /bədi/ | akɔjetʃ /akɔjetʃ/ |
| Sale | sa /sa/ | saju /saju/ | — | íiwi /íiwi/ | pan /pan/ | dʒɨra /dʒɨra/ | naʔpkutax /naʔpkutax/ |
| Vino | vĩjũ /wĩjũ/ | — | — | — | wuku /wuku/ | vĩĩ /vĩĩ/ | ɔtxajetax tʼiʔ /ɔtxajetax tʼiʔ/ |
| Riso | aronh /aɾoɲ/ | atoɾoso /atoɾoso/ | — | — | arosi /arosi/ | maiʃəmo /maiʃəmo/ | — |
| Ferro | — /—/ | — | — | — | — | — | klesaniɬ /klesaniɬ/ |
| Ruota | jyryryn /jɨɾɨˈɾɨn/ | — | — | — | tararan pisaʔsaʔ /tararan pisaʔsaʔ/ | — | tononontax ɬafoʔ /tononontax ɬafoʔ/ |
| Seta | seda /seda/ | — | — | — | seeta /seeta/ | — | — |
| Libro | vẽnh rá /wẽɲ ɾə/ | ɾipɾo /ɾipɾo/ | — | — | kaareta /kaareta/ | tɨɨrəti /tɨɨrəti/ | watkʼisxajanatʃ /watkʼisxajanatʃ/ |
| Mangiare | ko /ko/ | ijaɨ /ijaɨ/ | wæ̂d /wæ̂d/ | íiñha /íiɲha/ | entamoʔka /entamoʔka/ | roʃi /roʃi/ | tux /tux/ |
| Bere | kron /kɾõn/ | koaɨ /koaɨ/ | ʔǝg /ʔəɡ/ | íira /íiɻa/ | enɨrɨ /enɨrɨ/ | õ /õ/ | jɔʔ /jɔʔ/ |
| Dormire | nũr /nũɾ/ | miõ /miõ/ | ʔã̂ /ʔã̂/ | ímaa /ímaa/ | wetun /wetun/ | õrõ /õrõ/ | mɔʔ /mɔʔ/ |
| Uno | pir /piɾ/ | tahiapɨ /tahiapɨ/ | mʼæ̃ʔ /mʼæ̃ʔ/ | aapa /aapa/ | tiwíŋ /tiwíŋ/ | sohodʒi /sohodʒi/ | weʔɬa /weʔɬa/ |
| Due | régre /ɾɛŋɾe/ | hoɾohopɨ /hoɾohopɨ/ | tɨ̌m /tɨ̌m/ | dzáma /dzáma/ | sáákɨné /sáákɨné/ | inatʃi /inatʃi/ | napuʔ /napuʔ/ |
| Tre | tãgtũ /tãŋtũ/ | jãmi /jãmi/ | mũtwáp /mũtwáp/ | madali /madali/ | séúruné /séúruné/ | inataõ /inataõ/ | puʔxaʔna /puʔxaʔna/ |
| Quattro | vẽnh kãgra /wẽɲ kãŋɾa/ | — | — | — | saakɨrɨrɨ /saakɨrɨrɨ/ | inaubiɔwa /inaubiɔwa/ | jitʃatxuɬ /jitʃatxuɬ/ |
| Cinque | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | miaʔtaikin /miaʔtaikin/ | iruɨre /iruɨre/ | weʔɬanɔxeʃ /weʔɬanɔxeʃ/ |
| Ciao | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Grazie | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Buono | há /hə/ | totihitawə /totihitawə/ | jæ̃̂w /jæ̃̂w/ | mátsia /mátsia/ | morɨ /morɨ/ | awi /awi/ | is /is/ |
| Nuovo | tãg /tãŋ/ | tute /tute/ | — | éemi /éemi/ | amenan /amenan/ | itɨ̃mɨra /itɨ̃mɨra/ | nitʃʼa /nitʃʼa/ |
| Rosso | kusũg /kusũŋ/ | wakə /wakə/ | nô /nô/ | íirai /íiɻai/ | suyú /sujú/ | isɔ /isɔ/ | juk /juk/ |
| Bianco | kupri /kupɾi/ | au /au/ | hô /hô/ | háale /háaɺe/ | áímutun /áímutun/ | ura /ura/ | klim /klim/ |
| Nero | sá /sə/ | iʃi /iʃi/ | câ /câ/ | íitta /íit̪a/ | arikkɨtun /arikːɨtun/ | iləbɨ /iləbɨ/ | jakut /jakut/ |
| Verde | tánh /təɲ/ | ɾijə /ɾijə/ | mɨ̃̂ /mɨ̃̂/ | hípole /hípole/ | rora /rora/ | tyre /tɨ̃re/ | nipewajʃi /nipewajʃi/ |
| Blu | tánh /təɲ/ | — | — | — | rora /rora/ | tyre /tɨ̃re/ | jaka /jaka/ |
| Cuculo | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Bau bau | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Computer | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Sushi | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Tè | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Caffè | café | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Zucchero | asuka /aʃuka/ | — | — | — | — | — | tʃʼiʃi /tʃʼiʃi/ |
| Arancia | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Dopamina | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Chiocciola (@) | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
Pagina 1/10
Apri la mappa interattiva: Word Map · HanMap · Name Map · Word Order · Tree
Parte di LangMap — un progetto di visualizzazione linguistica. Questo è un riepilogo statico e scansionabile; le mappe interattive offrono audio di pronuncia, filtri e una vista globo.
Realizzato da Heuron Inc. · GitHub · cho@heuron.com · Home LangMap