Pazeh
Austronesiana (Formosan, pianure occidentali)
Il kulon-pazeh è una lingua formosana dormiente del gruppo delle Pianure Occidentali, parlata nel Taiwan centrale intorno a Puli (Nantou). La sua ultima parlante L1 pienamente fluente, Pan Jin-yu, è morta nel 2010 all'età di 96 anni; gli sforzi di rivitalizzazione guidati dalla comunità proseguono. È notevole per aver conservato il contrasto alveolare/retroflesso del proto-austronesiano e un modello produttivo di riduplicazione Ca-.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in pazeh
Fonti
- Li, Paul Jen-kuei & Shigeru Tsuchida (2001/2002) Pazih Dictionary. Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Taipei.
- Li, Paul Jen-kuei & Shigeru Tsuchida (2002) Pazih Texts and Songs. Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica.
- Lin Ying-chin (2000) A Reference Grammar of Pazih. Academia Sinica.
- Glottolog: Kulon-Pazeh
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: Austronesiana (Formosan, pianure occidentali)
| Significato | Pazeh | Proto-austronesiano | Malese antico | Kavalan | Babuza | Itbayaten | Bunun |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | dalum /dalum/ | *daNum /daNum/ | air /air/ | zanum /zaˈnum/ | zalum /zalum/ | ranom /ranom/ | danum /danum/ |
| Fuoco | hapuy /hapuj/ | *Sapuy /Sapuy/ | api /api/ | ramaz /raˈmaz/ | chau /tʃau/ | hapoy /hapoj/ | sapuz /sapuz/ |
| Sole | rizax /ɾizax/ | *waRi /waRi/ | matari /matari/ | siban /siˈban/ | — /—/ | araw /araw/ | vali /vali/ |
| Luna | ilas /ilas/ | *bulaN /bulaN/ | bulan /bulan/ | buran /buˈran/ | zilias /siliəs/ | voxan /voɣan/ | buan /buan/ |
| Stella | mintol /mintol/ | *bituqen /bituqen/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bituqan /bituqan/ | botto /botːo/ | vitoen /vitoɨn/ | bintuhan /bintuhan/ |
| Notte | xinian /xinian/ | *beRŋi /beʀŋi/ | malam /malam/ | qabi /ʁabiʔ/ | bini /bini/ | aʼxep /aʔɣɨp/ | labian /labian/ |
| Pioggia | udan /udan/ | *quzaN /quzaN/ | — | uzan /uˈzan/ | oetas /utas/ | timoy /timoj/ | qudan /qudan/ |
| Neve | hahela /hahela/ | *SuReNa /SuReNa/ | — | suRna /suʁna/ | — | — | paav /paav/ |
| Vento | bari /baɾi/ | *bali /bali/ | — | bari /baˈri/ | barri /barːi/ | sarawsaw /sarawsaw/ | luvluv /luvluv/ |
| Terra | daxe /daxəʔ/ | *taneq /taneq/ | — | melanay /məɾaˈnaj/ | ta /ta/ | tana /tana/ | dalah /dalah/ |
| Pietra | batu /batu/ | *batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | btu /btu/ | bato /bato/ | vato /vato/ | batu /batu/ |
| Mare | awas /awas/ | *tenem /tenem/ | — | lazing /laziŋ/ | abas /abas/ | hawa /hawa/ | ning-av /ŋiŋʔav/ |
| Madre | ina /ina/ | *ina /ina/ | ibu /ibu/ | tina /ˈtina/ | nai /nai/ | ina /ina/ | tina /tina/ |
| Padre | aba /aba/ | *ama /ama/ | bapa /bapa/ | tama /ˈtama/ | tama /tama/ | ama /ama/ | tama /tama/ |
| Io | yaku /jaku/ | *aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | aiku /aiku/ | ka-ina /kaina/ | yaken /jakɨn/ | saikin /saikin/ |
| Tu | isiu /isiu/ | *iSu /iSu/ | kamu /kamu/ | aisu /aisu/ | ijo /ijo/ | ʼimo /ʔimo/ | suu /suʔu/ |
| Noi | ita / yami /ita / jami/ | *kita / *kami /kita / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | aita / aimi /aita / aimi/ | totto / namo /toto / namo/ | yaten / yamen /jatɨn / jamɨn/ | kata / kaimin /kata / kaimin/ |
| Nome | ngadan /ŋadan/ | *ŋajan /ŋajan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | nangan /naŋan/ | naan /naːn/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaan /ŋaan/ |
| Persona | saw /saw/ | *Cau /tsau/ | — | lazat /lazat/ | cho /tʃo/ | tawo /tawo/ | bunun /bunun/ |
| Testa | punu /punu/ | *quluh /quluh/ | — | uru /uʁu/ | oeno /uno/ | oxo /oɣo/ | bungu /buŋu/ |
| Occhio | daurik /dauɾik/ | *maCa /maCa/ | mata /mata/ | mata /maˈta/ | macha /matʃa/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Orecchio | sainga /saiŋa/ | *Caliŋa /tsaliŋa/ | — | kayal /kajal/ | charrina /tʃarːina/ | talinya /taliɲa/ | tainga /taiŋa/ |
| Naso | muzing /muziŋ/ | *ujuŋ /ujuŋ/ | — | unung /unuŋ/ | not /not/ | mohdan /mohdan/ | ngutus /ŋutus/ |
| Bocca | ahan /ahan/ | — | — | ngibiR /ŋibiʁ/ | ranied /ranied/ | vivih /vivih/ | ngulus /ŋulus/ |
| Dente | lepeng /ləpəŋ/ | *nipen /nipen/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | bangraw /baŋʁau/ | sien /sien/ | nyipen /ɲipɨn/ | nipun /nipun/ |
| Lingua | dahama /dahama/ | *Sema /Sema/ | lidah /lidah/ | rilam /ʁilam/ | tacira /tatsira/ | rila /rila/ | mamaʼ /mamaʔ/ |
| Mano | rima /ɾima/ | *lima /lima/ | tangan /taŋan/ | rima /riˈma/ | rima /rima/ | lima /lima/ | ima /ima/ |
| Piede | karaw /kaɾaw/ | *qaqay /qaqay/ | — | zapan /zaˈpan/ | asiel /asiel/ | ayi /aji/ | bantas /bantas/ |
| Cuore | baga /baɡa/ | *pusuq /pusuq/ | hati /hati/ | anem /aˈnəm/ | — /—/ | tawor /tawor/ | is-ang /isaŋ/ |
| Osso | bul /bul/ | *CuqelaN /CuqelaN/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tiran /tiʁan/ | ot /ot/ | toʼxang /toʔɣaŋ/ | tuhnaz /tuhnað/ |
| Sangue | damu /damu/ | *daRaq /daRaq/ | darah /darah/ | rinang /ʁinaŋ/ | taga /taɡa/ | raya /raja/ | haidang /haidaŋ/ |
| Amore | — /—/ | — /—/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | madaidaz /madaidaz/ |
| Albero | kahuy /kahuj/ | *kaSiw /kaSiw/ | kayu /kaju/ | kasuy /kaˈsuj/ | baron /baron/ | kayoh /kajoh/ | kahu /kahu/ |
| Cane | wazu /wazu/ | *asu /asu/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | wasu /waˈsu/ | mado /mado/ | tito /tito/ | asu /asu/ |
| Gatto | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ngiyaw /ŋiˈjaw/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ngingiyaw /ŋiŋijaw/ |
| Pesce | alaw /alaw/ | *Sikan /Sikan/ | ikan /ikan/ | baut /baut/ | ci /tsi/ | among /amoŋ/ | iskan /iskan/ |
| Uccello | ayam /ajam/ | *manuk /manuk/ | burung /buruŋ/ | alam /aˈɬam/ | mampa /mampa/ | kangkang /kaŋkaŋ/ | hazam /hazam/ |
| Uovo | batu pataru /batu pataɾu/ | *qiCeluR /qicəlur/ | — | tirur /tiʁuʁ/ | rini /rini/ | ittiiyoy /ittiijoj/ | lububunun /lububunun/ |
| Cavallo | gamay /ɡamaj/ | — | — | kebayu /kəbaju/ | — | — | tasasikis /tasasikis/ |
| Casa | xuma /xuma/ | *Rumaq /Rumaq/ | rumah /rumah/ | lepaw /ləˈpaw/ | don /don/ | vaxay /vaɣaj/ | lumaq /lumaq/ |
| Latte | nunuh /nunuh/ | — | susu /susu/ | — | — | — | susu /susu/ |
| Sale | pahah /pahah/ | *qasiRa /qasiRa/ | garam /ɡaram/ | zemiyan /zəmijan/ | sassi /sasi/ | asin /asin/ | hasila /hasila/ |
| Libro | babizu /babizu/ | — | — | sudad /sudad/ | bido /bido/ | — | patasan /patasan/ |
| Mangiare | mekan /məkan/ | *kaen /kaen/ | makan /makan/ | quman /quˈman/ | maan /maːn/ | koman /koman/ | maun /maun/ |
| Bere | mimaazip /mimaːzip/ | *inum /inum/ | minum /minum/ | mimum /miˈmum/ | minum /minum/ | ominom /ominom/ | muqun /muqun/ |
| Dormire | masuaw /masuaw/ | *tuduR /tuduR/ | tidur /tidur/ | mainep /maiˈnəp/ | summara /sumːara/ | makahicex /makahitʃɨɣ/ | masabah /masabah/ |
| Uno | adang /adaŋ/ | *isa /isa/ | sa /sa/ | issa /ˈissa/ | nata /nata/ | aʼsa /aʔsa/ | tasa /tasa/ |
| Due | dusa /dusa/ | *duSa /duSa/ | dua /dua/ | zusa /zusa/ | naroa /naroa/ | doha /doha/ | dusa /dusa/ |
| Tre | turu /tuɾu/ | *telu /telu/ | tlu /tlu/ | turu /tuɾu/ | torro /torːo/ | atlo /atlo/ | tau /tau/ |
| Quattro | supat /supat/ | *Sepat /səpat/ | mpat /əmpat/ | spat /spat/ | naspat /naspat/ | aʼpat /aʔpat/ | paat /paːt/ |
| Cinque | xasep /xasəp/ | *lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | rima /riˈma/ | nachab /natʃab/ | lima /lima/ | hima /hima/ |
| Cento | haten /hatən/ | *RaCus /RaCus/ | ratus /ratus/ | Rasibu /ʁasibu/ | — | omyatos /omjatos/ | saba /saba/ |
| Ciao | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | uninang /uninaŋ/ |
| Grazie | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | uninang /uninaŋ/ |
| Buono | — /—/ | — /—/ | baik /baik/ | nngi /nŋi/ | — /—/ | mapia /mapia/ | masial /masial/ |
| Nuovo | xias /xias/ | *baqeRuh /baqeRuh/ | — | tasu /tasu/ | bao /bao/ | vaʼyo /vaʔjo/ | bahlu /baɬu/ |
| Rosso | lubahing /lubahiŋ/ | *ma-iRaq /ma-iRaq/ | merah /merah/ | tebari /təbaʀi/ | makakas /makakas/ | mavayah /mavajah/ | madanghas /madaŋhas/ |
| Bianco | risilaw /ɾisilaw/ | *ma-putiq /maputiq/ | putih /putih/ | busar /busaʀ/ | mabukkas /mabukas/ | mahilak /mahilak/ | maduhlas /maduɬas/ |
| Nero | terehen /təɾəhən/ | *qeCeŋeN /qeCeŋeN/ | hitam /hitam/ | tengen /təŋən/ | makosum /makosum/ | mavaeng /mavaɨŋ/ | matahdung /matahduŋ/ |
| Verde | tululik /tululik/ | — | — | puli /puli/ | — | maharem /maharɨm/ | masanglav /masaŋlav/ |
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