Bɔrɔ
Bororo
Makro-Jê (Zweig Bororo)
Bororo (Boe Wadáru) ist die einzige noch lebende Sprache der bororoischen Familie, die häufig der größeren Macro-Jê-Gruppierung zugerechnet wird. Sie wird von etwa 1.000–1.500 Bororo in mehreren indigenen Territorien und Dörfern im brasilianischen Mato Grosso gesprochen. Bororo besitzt eine reiche Personenmarkierung, Alternationen der stamminitialen Konsonanten und überwiegend Subjekt-Objekt-Verb-Stellung; geschrieben wird es in einer lateinisch basierten Orthografie. Die meisten Angehörigen der ethnischen Gruppe sprechen die Sprache noch, und viele Kinder lernen sie, doch der Gebrauch des Portugiesischen nimmt besonders unter Jüngeren und in einigen Siedlungen zu. Glottolog stuft Bororo daher als bedroht und im Sprachwechsel begriffen, nicht aber als ausgestorben ein.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Bororo: 87 Kernwörter
Quellen
- Ferraz Gerardi, Fabrício & Tiago Tresoldi. 2023. Lexical Database of Bororoan, v0.9.5 (CLDF; Bororo forms from Crowell 1979 and Nonato 2008)
- Pao Kurireu Bataru Kurireu (Bororo Bible), bible.com version 2518
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Makro-Jê (Zweig Bororo)
| Bedeutung | Bororo | Pemón | Karib | Akawaio-Sprache | Kabuverdianu | Ladino | Embu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | pobo /pobo/ | tuna /tuna/ | tuna /tuna/ | tuna /tuna/ | agu /aɡu/ | agua /aɣwa/ | manjĩ /maɲdʒe/ |
| Feuer | joru /dʒoɾu/ | apok /apok/ | wàto /wahto/ | apok /apok/ | fogu /foɡu/ | fuego /fweɣo/ | mwaki /mwaki/ |
| Sonne | meri /meɾi/ | wei /wei/ | weju /weju/ | wïi /wɨi/ | sol /sɔl/ | sol /sol/ | riũa /ɾioa/ |
| Mond | ari /aɾi/ | kapüi /kapɨi/ | nuno /nuno/ | kapïi /kapɨi/ | lua /lua/ | luna /luna/ | mweri /mwɛɾi/ |
| Stern | kuieje /kuiedʒe/ | chirikö /tʃiɾikə/ | siriko /siɾiko/ | sirikɨ /siɾikɨ/ | strela /ˈstɾelɐ/ | estreya /esˈtɾeja/ | njata /ɲdʒata/ |
| Nacht | boečo /boetʃo/ | ewaron /ewaɾon/ | koko /koko/ | ewarupɨ /ewaɾupɨ/ | noti /ˈnoti/ | noche /ˈnotʃe/ | ũtukũ /otuko/ |
| Regen | bubutu /bubutu/ | konok /konok/ | konopo /konopo/ | — | txuba /ˈtʃubɐ/ | luvia /luvja/ | mbura /mbura/ |
| Wind | bakuru /bakuɾu/ | aʼchitun /aʔtʃitun/ | pepeito /pepeito/ | aʼsetun /aʔsetun/ | bentu /ˈbentu/ | viento /ˈvjento/ | rũkũngi /ɾokoŋɡi/ |
| Erde | moto /moto/ | non /non/ | nono /nono/ | non /non/ | téra /tera/ | tierra /tjera/ | mũthetu /moðɛtu/ |
| Stein | tori /toɾi/ | ötök /ətək/ | topu /topu/ | tɨʼ /tɨʔ/ | pedra /ˈpɛdɾɐ/ | piedra /ˈpjeðɾa/ | ĩthiga /eðiɡa/ |
| Berg | tori kurireu /toɾi kuɾiɾew/ | wük /wɨk/ | wypy /wɨpɨ/ | wïʼ /wɨʔ/ | monti /ˈmõti/ | montanya /monˈtaɲa/ | kĩrĩma /keɾema/ |
| Meer | pobo maereu /pobo maeɾew/ | — | parana /paɾana/ | parau /paɾau/ | mar /maɾ/ | mar /maɾ/ | ĩria /eɾia/ |
| Mutter | muga /mɨɡa/ | mamã /mamɑ̃/ | sano /sano/ | saŋ /saŋ/ | mai /maj/ | madre /madɾe/ | nyanya /ɲaɲa/ |
| Vater | iogwa /ioɡwa/ | papai /papai/ | papa /papa/ | papai /papai/ | pai /paj/ | padre /padɾe/ | vava /βaβa/ |
| Tochter | onaregody aredy /onaɾeɡodɨ aɾedɨ/ | ensi /ensi/ | emyiry /emɨiɾɨ/ | ensi /ensi/ | fidja /ˈfidʒɐ/ | ija /iʒa/ | mwarĩ /mwaɾe/ |
| Ich | imi /imi/ | yuurö /juːɾə/ | au /au/ | urɨ /uɾɨ/ | mi /mi/ | yo /jo/ | nie /niɛ/ |
| Du | aki /aki/ | amörö /aməɾə/ | amoro /amoɾo/ | amɨrɨ /amɨɾɨ/ | bu /bu/ | tu /tu/ | we /wɛ/ |
| Wir | pagi / cegi /paɡi / tʃeɡi/ | urönokon / ina /uɾənokon / ina/ | kʉʼkaron / naʼna /kəʔkaɾon / naʔna/ | urɨʼnokon / ina /uɾɨʔnokon / ina/ | nos /nɔs/ | mozotros /moˈzotros/ | tue /tuɛ/ |
| Name | ie /ie/ | itesek /itesek/ | eeti /eːti/ | eseʼ /eseʔ/ | nómi /ˈnɔmi/ | nombre /ˈnombɾe/ | rĩĩtwa /ɾeːtwa/ |
| Kopf | ao /ao/ | pupai /pupai/ | upuʼpo /upuʔpo/ | puʼpai /puʔpai/ | kabésa /kaˈbɛsɐ/ | kavesa /kaˈvesa/ | kĩongo /keɔŋɡɔ/ |
| Auge | joku /dʒoku/ | enu /enu/ | enu /enu/ | enu /enu/ | odju /odʒu/ | ojo /oʒo/ | riitho /ɾiːðɔ/ |
| Ohr | bija /bidʒa/ | pana /pana/ | panari /panari/ | pana /pana/ | oredja /oˈɾedʒɐ/ | oreja /oˈɾeʒa/ | gũtũ /ɡoto/ |
| Nase | eno /eno/ | yeuna /jeuna/ | anàta /anahta/ | enna /enna/ | naris /naˈɾis/ | nariz /naˈɾiz/ | ĩniũrũ /enioɾo/ |
| Zahn | o /o/ | ye /je/ | yerï /jelə/ | ɨ /ɨ/ | denti /ˈdenti/ | diente /ˈdjente/ | ĩgego /eɡɛɡɔ/ |
| Zunge | eru /eɾu/ | unu /unu/ | nuru /nuɾu/ | ani /ani/ | lingua /ˈliŋɡwa/ | lingua /ˈliŋɡwa/ | rũrĩmĩ /roɾeme/ |
| Hand | kera /keɾa/ | yenna /jenːa/ | aina /aina/ | emiyaʼ /emijaʔ/ | mon /mɔ̃/ | mano /mano/ | kĩvoko /keβɔkɔ/ |
| Fuß | ewure /ewɨɾe/ | pʉta /pɨta/ | pupu /pupu/ | pïta /pɨta/ | pé /pɛ/ | pie /pje/ | kũgũrũ /koɡoro/ |
| Herz | bapo /bapo/ | sïköpoka /sikəpoka/ | emanga /emaŋɡa/ | ewan /ewan/ | korason /korasɔ̃/ | korasón /koɾason/ | ngoro /ŋɡɔɾɔ/ |
| Knochen | ra /ɾa/ | epʉ /epɨ/ | yepo /jepo/ | eʼpï /eʔpɨ/ | ósu /ˈɔsu/ | gueso /ˈɡweso/ | ĩvĩndĩ /evende/ |
| Blut | ku /ku/ | mün /mɨn/ | mʉnʉ /mənə/ | mïn /mɨn/ | sangi /ˈsɐ̃ɡi/ | sangre /ˈsaŋɡɾe/ | nthakame /nðakamɛ/ |
| Kacke | pe /pe/ | watö /watə/ | — | — | kaka /ˈkakɐ/ | kaka /ˈkaka/ | — |
| Liebe | — /—/ | kemenü /kemenɨ/ | kataneko /kataneko/ | — /—/ | amor /amor/ | amor /amoɾ/ | wendo /wɛndɔ/ |
| Baum | i /i/ | yöi /jəi/ | wewe /wewe/ | yïi /jɨi/ | arvi /arvi/ | árvol /aɾvol/ | mũtĩ /mote/ |
| Hund | arigao /aɾiɡao/ | arimaraka /aɾimaɾaka/ | pero /peɾo/ | pero /peɾo/ | katxor /katʃɔr/ | perro /pero/ | ngui /ŋɡui/ |
| Katze | gato /ɡato/ | pichana /pitʃana/ | meu /meu/ | — /—/ | gatu /ɡatu/ | gato /ɡato/ | nyau /ɲau/ |
| Fisch | karo /kaɾo/ | morok /moɾok/ | woto /woto/ | moro /moɾo/ | pexi /ˈpeʃi/ | peshe /ˈpeʃe/ | nthamaki /nðamaki/ |
| Vogel | kiogo /kioɡo/ | toron /toɾon/ | tonoro /tonoɾo/ | toron /toɾon/ | pásaru /pasaɾu/ | pásharo /paʃaɾo/ | gĩconi /ɡetʃɔni/ |
| Schmetterling | baragadu /baɾaɡadu/ | wakau /wakau/ | palanpalan /palanpalan/ | wagau /waɡau/ | borboléta /boɾboˈlɛtɐ/ | papiyon /papiˈjon/ | — |
| Ei | ba /ba/ | pumoi /pumoi/ | iʼmo /iʔmo/ | pïmoi /pɨmoi/ | ovu /ˈovu/ | guevo /ˈɡwevo/ | ĩtumbĩ /etumbe/ |
| Pferd | kuwaru /kuwaɾu/ | kaware /kawaɾe/ | kaware /kawaɾe/ | kaware /kawaɾe/ | kabalu /kaˈbalu/ | kavayo /kaˈvajo/ | mbarathi /mbaɾaði/ |
| Haus | bai /bai/ | tapüi /tapɨi/ | paty /pati/ | — /—/ | kaza /kaza/ | kaza /kaza/ | nyomba /ɲɔmba/ |
| Milch | mokuru kuru /mokuɾu kuɾu/ | — | manaty aikuru /manatɨ aikuɾu/ | — | leti /ˈleti/ | leche /ˈletʃe/ | ĩriia /eɾiːa/ |
| Honig | meiawe eweguru /meiawe eweɡuɾu/ | wan /wan/ | wano /wano/ | teusan /teusan/ | mel /mɛl/ | miel /mjel/ | ũũkĩ /oːke/ |
| Salz | sal /sal/ | inönek /inənek/ | wajo /wajo/ | waiyo /waijo/ | sal /sal/ | sal /sal/ | cumbĩ /tʃumbe/ |
| Wein | vinho /ˈviɲu/ | vino /bino/ | winu /winu/ | waain /waːin/ | vinhu /ˈviɲu/ | vino /ˈvino/ | ndivei /ndiβei/ |
| Eisen | meriri /meɾiɾi/ | ipotü /ipotɨ/ | siparari /sipaɾaɾi/ | waʼka pun /waʔka pun/ | féru /ˈfɛɾu/ | fierro /ˈfjero/ | cuma /tʃuma/ |
| Buch | bapera /bapeɾa/ | — | kareta /kaɾeta/ | kareta /kaɾeta/ | livru /ˈlivɾu/ | livro /ˈlivɾo/ | ĩvuku /evuku/ |
| Essen | ko /ko/ | manepotaro /manepotaɾo/ | onökö /onøkø/ | — /—/ | kume /kume/ | komer /komeɾ/ | kũrĩa /koɾea/ |
| Trinken | kudu /kudɨ/ | atü /atɨ/ | ëne /ɘne/ | ensi /ensi/ | bebe /bebe/ | bever /beveɾ/ | kũnyua /koɲua/ |
| Schlafen | nudu /nudu/ | — | ònyky /ohnɨkɨ/ | — | durmi /ˈduɾmi/ | durmir /durˈmir/ | kũmama /komama/ |
| Eins | mito /mito/ | taukin /taukin/ | o:wi /oːwi/ | tikin /tikin/ | un /un/ | uno /uno/ | ĩmwe /emwɛ/ |
| Zwei | pobe /pobe/ | saköne /sakəne/ | oko /oko/ | asaʼrɨ /asaʔɾɨ/ | dos /dos/ | dos /dos/ | igĩrĩ /iɡeɾe/ |
| Drei | pobe metia bokware /pobe metia bokwaɾe/ | eseurau /eseuɾau/ | oruwa /oɾuwa/ | osorïwau /osoɾɨwau/ | tres /tɾes/ | tres /tɾes/ | ithatũ /iðato/ |
| Vier | pobe puibiji /pobe puibidʒi/ | saköröroʼne /sakəɾəɾoʔne/ | okupaen /okupaen/ | — | kuatru /ˈkwatru/ | kuatro /ˈkwatɾo/ | inya /iɲa/ |
| Fünf | ikera aboudure /ikeɾa abowduɾe/ | — | ainatone /ainatone/ | — | sinku /ˈsiŋku/ | sinko /ˈsiŋko/ | ithano /iðanɔ/ |
| Hundert | cem /sẽj̃/ | — | ainatone-kariʼna /ainatone kaɾiʔna/ | — | sen /sen/ | sien /sjen/ | ĩgana /eɡana/ |
| Hallo | are /aɾe/ | apî /api/ | mary /maɾi/ | kapon /kapon/ | ola /ɔla/ | shalom /ʃalom/ | wĩ mwaro /we mwaɾɔ/ |
| Danke | iya /ija/ | waküpe man /wakɨpe man/ | irombo /iɾombo/ | tenki /tenki/ | obrigadu /obriɡadu/ | grasias /ɡɾasjas/ | — /—/ |
| Gut | pemegareu /pemeɡaɾew/ | mïratö /miɾatə/ | epoja /epoja/ | wagï /waɡɨ/ | bon /bɔ̃/ | bueno /bweno/ | mwaro /mwaɾɔ/ |
| Neu | maiwu /maiwu/ | amennak /amenːak/ | asery /aseɾɨ/ | emennaʼ /emennaʔ/ | novu /ˈnovu/ | muevo /ˈmwevo/ | gĩcerũ /ɡetʃɛɾo/ |
| Rot | kujagureu /kuʒaɡuɾew/ | suweyu /suweju/ | tapyre /tapɨɾe/ | suweyu /suweju/ | burmedju /buɾˈmɛdʒu/ | kolorado /koloˈɾado/ | ndune /ndunɛ/ |
| Weiß | kigadureu /kiɡaduɾew/ | aimutun /aimutun/ | tamuʼne /tamuʔne/ | aimuʼnan /aimuʔnan/ | branku /ˈbɾɐ̃ku/ | blanko /ˈblaŋko/ | njerũ /ndʒɛɾo/ |
| Grün | kaworureu /kawoɾuɾew/ | rorape /ɾoɾape/ | — | — | verdi /ˈveɾdi/ | vedre /ˈveðɾe/ | — |
| Blau | kaworu /kawoɾu/ | — | tupulu /tupulu/ | — | azul /aˈzul/ | mavi /maˈvi/ | vururu /βuɾuɾu/ |
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