!Ora
Korana
Khoe-Kwadi (Khoekhoe)
Korana (!Ora) ist eine vom Aussterben bedrohte Khoekhoe-Sprache der Nordkap-Provinz, die einst von viehzüchtenden Clans entlang der Flüsse Oranje und Vaal gesprochen wurde. Wie ihre Schwestersprache Nama verwendet sie vier Klick-Typen und besitzt geschlechtsmarkierte Person-Genus-Numerus-(PGN-)Klitika, bewahrt jedoch archaischen Khoekhoe-Wortschatz, der im modernen Nama verloren gegangen ist. Nur eine Handvoll älterer Personen, die sich noch erinnern, sind übrig.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Korana: 87 Kernwörter
Quellen
- Maingard, Louis F. (1962) Korana Folktales: Grammar and Texts. Witwatersrand University Press.
- Du Plessis, Menán (2018) Korana: An Outline of the Phonology and Grammar of an All-but-forgotten Khoekhoe Language. UCT Press, Cape Town.
- Du Plessis, Menán (2019) New Data Concerning the Khoekhoe Language Once Spoken by the Korana. South African Journal of African Languages 39(2).
- Glottolog: Korana
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Khoe-Kwadi (Khoekhoe)
| Bedeutung | Korana | Nama | Taa | Wichita | Yuchi | Luwisch | Aari |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | ǁammi /ǁamːi/ | ǁgam-i /ǁɡamːi/ | ǃqhàa /ǃqʰaː/ | kicʔa /kitsʔa/ | tse /tse/ | wār /waːr/ | noqa /noˈkʼa/ |
| Feuer | ǀʼaeb /ǀʔaeb/ | ǀae-s /ǀaes/ | ǀʼàã /ǀʼãː/ | heːcʔa /heːtsʔa/ | ʼyati /ʔjati/ | pāḫur /ˈpaːxur/ | noha /noˈha/ |
| Sonne | sores /sores/ | sores /sores/ | ǁʼân /ǁʼã/ | saːkhirʔa /saːkʰiɾʔa/ | tso /tso/ | 𔖖𔓚 /ˈtiwad/ | háy /haj/ |
| Mond | ǁxãb /ǁxãb/ | ǁkhâb /ǁkʰãːb/ | ǃqhàn /ǃqʰã/ | waːh /waːh/ | shafa /ʃafa/ | 𔓜𔒄𔗦 /ˈarmas/ | arfi /arfi/ |
| Stern | ǀʼamirob /ǀʔamirob/ | ǀgamiros /ǀɡamiros/ | ǃqʰái /ǃqʰái/ | hiːkwirikʔa /hiːkʷiɾikʔa/ | weʼyv /weʔjʌ̃/ | — /—/ | manka /ˈmanka/ |
| Nacht | thũxub /tʰũxub/ | tsuxub /tsuxub/ | ǃnoe /ǃnoe/ | ckhaːrʔa /tskʰaːɾʔa/ | pado /pado/ | — /—/ | tumi /tʼumi/ |
| Regen | tūs /tuːs/ | ǀnanub /ǀnanub/ | ǃkxʼôe /ǃkxʼoe/ | — | — | — | doobi /doːbi/ |
| Schnee | abas /abas/ | tsâmaros /tsãːmaros/ | — | hiraːʔa /hiɾaːʔa/ | sta /sta/ | — | — |
| Wind | ǂʼoab /ǂʔoab/ | ǂoab /ǂoab/ | ǂqhùe /ǂqʰue/ | niweʔeːrʔa /niweʔeːɾʔa/ | — | — | — |
| Erde | ǃhūb /ǃʰuːb/ | ǃhūb /ǃʰuːp/ | ǂkxʼûm /ǂkxʼum/ | — | — | tiyamma- /tijamma/ | fechʼe /feˈtʃʼe/ |
| Stein | ǀʼuis /ǀʔuis/ | ǀuib /ǀuib/ | — | — | — | assu- /ˈasːu/ | seeni /seːni/ |
| Berg | ǃareb /ǃareb/ | ǃhommi /ǃʰomːi/ | — | — | — | watti- /ˈwatːi/ | — |
| Meer | huriǁamma /huriǁamːa/ | hurib /hurib/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mutter | ĩs /ĩs/ | ǁgûs /ǁɡũːs/ | qáe /qae/ | eciyeːh /etsijeːh/ | ditsehæ /ditsehæ/ | anni- /ˈanni/ | inde /inde/ |
| Vater | abob /abob/ | ǁgûb /ǁɡũːb/ | a̰a /a̰a/ | taːtah /taːtah/ | dzetʼe /dzetʼe/ | 𔐞𔑣𔓯𔗔 /ˈtadis/ | baba /baba/ |
| Tochter | õas /õas/ | ôas /õas/ | — | — | — | duttariyati- /ˈdutːarijati/ | — |
| Ich | tita /tita/ | tita /titá/ | ń /ŋ̩/ | nacʔih /natsʔih/ | di /di/ | 𔐀 /ˈamu/ | ita /ʔiˈta/ |
| Du | sats /sats/ | sats /sats/ | a /aː/ | nasʔih /nasʔih/ | tse /tse/ | tu /tu/ | ahna /ahˈna/ |
| Wir | sada / sida /sada / sida/ | sada / sida /sada / sida/ | īh /iː/ | — /—/ | ʼõdi / nõdi /ʔõdi / nõdi/ | anzāš /ˈantsaːs/ | wota /woˈta/ |
| Name | ǀkxʼonna /ǀkxʼonːa/ | ǀons /ǀòns/ | ǀqʼûle /ǀʛûle/ | hissaːrʔa /hissaːɾʔa/ | tiʼe /tiʔe/ | 𔐓𔓇𔒄𔖪 /ˈalamantsa/ | naami /naːˈmi/ |
| Mensch | khoeb /kʰoeb/ | khoe-i /kʰoei/ | tâa /taː/ | ihaas /ihaas/ | — | ziti- /ˈtsiti/ | ed /ʔed/ |
| Kopf | mũǃʼãb /mũǃʔãb/ | danas /danas/ | ǀnàn /ǀnã/ | — | — | ḫarmaḫi- /ˈxarmaxi/ | mata /maˈta/ |
| Auge | mũb /mũb/ | mûs /mũːs/ | ǃʼûĩ /ǃʼũĩ/ | kirikʔa /kiɾikʔa/ | gochi /ɡotʃʰi/ | tawi- /ˈtawi/ | aafi /aːfi/ |
| Ohr | ǁnãub /ǁnãub/ | ǂgaes /ǂɡaes/ | — | — | — | tummant- /ˈtumːant/ | qaam /kʼaːm/ |
| Nase | ǂuib /ǂuib/ | ǂguis /ǂɡuis/ | — | — | — | — | nuki /ˈnuki/ |
| Mund | kxʼamma /kxʼamːa/ | am-s /ams/ | ǂûe /ǂue/ | — | — | āssa- /ˈaːsːa/ | afa /ʔaˈfa/ |
| Zahn | ǁũb /ǁũb/ | ǁgûb /ǁɡũːb/ | ǃxu /ǃχu/ | aːkʔa /aːkʔa/ | kẽ /kẽ/ | — /—/ | achʼi /atsʼi/ |
| Zunge | tamma /tamːa/ | nammi /namːi/ | ǃnani /ǃnani/ | hacʼa /hatsʔa/ | kʼẽka /kʼẽka/ | lāli- /ˈlaːli/ | adim /adim/ |
| Hand | ǃʼommi /ǃʔomːi/ | ǃom-mi /ǃomːi/ | ǀkxʼàa /ǀkxʼaː/ | iskʔa /iskʔa/ | weʼothæ /weʔotʰæ/ | 𔑁𔓯𔑶𔖸 /ˈistri/ | aani /ʔaːni/ |
| Fuß | ǂaib /ǂʔaib/ | ǂaidi /ǂaidi/ | ǂnùũ /ǂnũũ/ | asʔa /asʔa/ | wedithæ /weditʰæ/ | pāta- /ˈpaːta/ | duuti /duːti/ |
| Herz | ǂaob /ǂaob/ | ǂgaob /ǂɡaob/ | ǀqʼàn /ǀqʼã/ | sikicʔa /sikitsʔa/ | wethæ /wetʰæ/ | zārt- /tsaːrt/ | buudi /ˈbuːdi/ |
| Knochen | ǂxōb /ǂxoːb/ | ǂkhōb /ǂkʰoːb/ | ǂàã /ǂãã/ | kiːsʔa /kiːsʔa/ | weshʼe /weʃʼe/ | ḫāssa- /ˈxaːsːa/ | lefi /lefi/ |
| Blut | ǀʼaob /ǀʔaob/ | ǀaob /ǀaop/ | ǃxãu /ǃχãũ/ | waːckicʔa /waːtskitsʔa/ | wi /wi/ | āšḫar- /ˈaːsxar/ | qase /ˈkʼase/ |
| Liebe | ǀnām /ǀnaːm/ | ǀnam /ǀnam/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | azza- /ˈatsːa/ | — /—/ |
| Baum | hais /hais/ | hai-s /hais/ | ʼʘnàje /ʔʘnaje/ | tiyaːhkw /tijaːhkʷ/ | ʼya /ʔja/ | — /—/ | ahqe /ahːˈkʼe/ |
| Hund | arib /arib/ | arib /arib/ | ǂqhài /ǂqʰai/ | kiciyeːh /kitsijeːh/ | dzene /dzene/ | zuwana- /tsuˈwana/ | aksi /ˈʔaksi/ |
| Katze | — /—/ | ǀores /ǀores/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Fisch | ǁʼaub /ǁʔaub/ | ǁaub /ǁaub/ | ǀqhaa /ǀqʰaa/ | kaːcʔa /kaːtsʔa/ | shu /ʃu/ | — /—/ | toila /toila/ |
| Vogel | kxʼanis /kxʼanis/ | anis /anis/ | — | ichir /itsʰiɾ/ | — | — | afti /afti/ |
| Pferd | hāb /haːb/ | hāb /haːb/ | — | — | — | azzu- /ˈatsːu/ | — |
| Haus | kxʼommi /kxʼomːi/ | oms /oms/ | — /—/ | akhaːrʔa /akʰaːɾʔa/ | yufa /jufa/ | 𔔙𔐤𔖪 /ˈparnantsa/ | — /—/ |
| Milch | bīb /biːb/ | bis /bis/ | gǂqhèẽ /ɡǂqʰeẽ/ | — | — | — | — |
| Honig | danis /danis/ | danis /danis/ | — | — | — | malli- /ˈmalːi/ | — |
| Salz | ǂkxʼōb /ǂkxʼoːb/ | ǂōb /ǂoːp/ | — | — | — | — | sooq /soːkʼ/ |
| Wein | ǀkxʼabaǃxarib /ǀkxʼabaǃxarib/ | ǂauxûi-i /ǂauxũĩi/ | — | — | — | maddu- /ˈmatːu/ | — |
| Eisen | ǀkxʼurib /ǀkxʼurib/ | ǀurib /ǀurib/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Rad | ǃnaris /ǃnaris/ | ǀnūs /ǀnuːs/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Buch | ǂxanis /ǂxanis/ | ǂkhanis /ǂkʰanis/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Essen | ǂʼũ /ǂʔũ/ | ǂû /ǂũː/ | ʼâã /ʔãː/ | kaʔac /kaʔats/ | gothlæ /ɡoɬæ/ | ad- /ad/ | — /—/ |
| Trinken | kxʼā /kxʼaː/ | ā /aː/ | kxʼāhã /kxʼaːhã/ | kikʔa /kikʔa/ | pʼe /pʼe/ | ū- /uː/ | — /—/ |
| Schlafen | ǁʼom /ǁʔom/ | ǁom /ǁom/ | ʘân /ʘã/ | — | — | — | — |
| Eins | ǀui /ǀui/ | ǀgui /ǀɡui/ | ǂʼûã /ǂʼũã/ | chiʔass /tsʰiʔass/ | hitʼe /hitʼe/ | — /—/ | wollaq /ˈwolːakʼ/ |
| Zwei | ǀam /ǀam/ | ǀgam /ǀɡàm/ | ǂnûm /ǂûm/ | wic /wits/ | nõwe /nõwe/ | — /—/ | qasken /kʼasˈken/ |
| Drei | ǃnona /ǃnona/ | ǃnona /ǃnoná/ | ǁaeˀe /ǁaeʔe/ | taw /taw/ | nǫkæ /nõkæ/ | tarri- /ˈtarːi/ | makken /makːen/ |
| Vier | haka /haka/ | haka /haka/ | — | taːkwic /taːkʷits/ | — | māuwa- /ˈmaːuwa/ | oydi /ojdi/ |
| Fünf | koro /koro/ | koro /koro/ | — | — | chʼwahe /tʃʼwahe/ | panta /ˈpanta/ | donq /donkʼ/ |
| Hallo | — /—/ | matisâ /matisãː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Danke | — /—/ | aios /aios/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Gut | ǃãi /ǃãi/ | ǃgâib /ǃɡãĩb/ | — /—/ | acs /atss/ | sæle /sæle/ | 𔖢 /ˈwaːsu/ | laqami /lakʼaˈmi/ |
| Neu | ǀʼāsa /ǀʔaːsa/ | ǀasa /ǀasa/ | — | — | — | nāwa- /ˈnaːwa/ | killa /kilːˈa/ |
| Rot | ǀkxʼaba /ǀkxʼaba/ | ǀapa /ǀapa/ | ǀàa /ǀàa/ | kwhaːc /kʷʰaːts/ | tshyathla /tsʰjaɬa/ | — /—/ | zeymi /zejˈmi/ |
| Weiß | xati /xati/ | ǃuri /ǃuri/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Schwarz | ǂnū /ǂnuː/ | ǂnu /ǂnu/ | — | — | — | — | chʼelmi /tʃʼelˈmi/ |
| Grün | ǃkxʼam /ǃkxʼam/ | ǃgam /ǃɡam/ | ᶢǀa̤ʕi /ᶢǀa̤ʕi/ | — | — | — | — |
| Blau | ǃnoa /ǃnoa/ | ǃhoa /ǃʰoa/ | ᶢǀa̤ʕi /ᶢǀa̤ʕi/ | — | — | — | — |
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