Khoekhoegowab
Nama
Khoe-Kwadi (Khoisan)
Nama (Khoekhoegowab) ist die größte Khoisan-Sprache und die meistgesprochene Klicklaut-Sprache der Khoe-(Khoisan-)Familie – auch wenn Bantusprachen wie Zulu und Xhosa weit mehr Sprecher haben, deren Sprache phonemische Klicklaute enthält. Sie ist die Amtssprache der Khoekhoe und der Damara in Namibia und der Provinz Nordkap in Südafrika. Nama besitzt vier phonemische Klicklauttypen – ǀ (dental), ǁ (lateral), ǂ (alveopalatal), ǃ (postalveolar) – und wird herkömmlich mit Klicksymbolen im IPA-Stil geschrieben. Nama ist eine anerkannte Nationalsprache Namibias und trägt Rundfunkmedien, Schulunterricht sowie eine Tradition der Bibelübersetzung.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Nama: 87 Kernwörter
kofi-i
Quellen
- Khoekhoegowab Bible 2020 (KKG20), Bible Society of Namibia, bible.com version 548; Wiktionary Khoekhoe entries (ǁaub, ǀapa, ǀgôas, ǃgam)
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Khoe-Kwadi (Khoisan)
| Bedeutung | Nama | Korana | Taa | Hausa | Hiri Motu | Motu | Atoni |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | ǁgam-i /ǁɡamːi/ | ǁammi /ǁamːi/ | ǃqhàa /ǃqʰaː/ | ruwa /ɾuwaː/ | ranu /ɾanu/ | ranu /ɾanu/ | oe /oe/ |
| Feuer | ǀae-s /ǀaes/ | ǀʼaeb /ǀʔaeb/ | ǀʼàã /ǀʼãː/ | wuta /wuta/ | lahi /lahi/ | lahi /lahi/ | ai /ai/ |
| Sonne | sores /sores/ | sores /sores/ | ǁʼân /ǁʼã/ | rana /ɾaːnaː/ | dina /dina/ | dina /dina/ | manas /manas/ |
| Mond | ǁkhâb /ǁkʰãːb/ | ǁxãb /ǁxãb/ | ǃqhàn /ǃqʰã/ | wata /wata/ | hua /hua/ | hua /hua/ | fun /fun/ |
| Stern | ǀgamiros /ǀɡamiros/ | ǀʼamirob /ǀʔamirob/ | ǃqʰái /ǃqʰái/ | tauraro /tauraːro/ | hisiu /hisiu/ | hisiu /hisiu/ | kfu /kfuʔ/ |
| Nacht | tsuxub /tsuxub/ | thũxub /tʰũxub/ | ǃnoe /ǃnoe/ | dare /dare/ | hanuaboi /hanuaboi/ | hanuaboi /hanuaboi/ | fai /fai/ |
| Regen | ǀnanub /ǀnanub/ | tūs /tuːs/ | ǃkxʼôe /ǃkxʼoe/ | ruwan sama /ɾuwan sama/ | medu /medu/ | medu /medu/ | ulan /ˈulan/ |
| Schnee | tsâmaros /tsãːmaros/ | abas /abas/ | — | dusar ƙanƙara /dusaɾ kʼankʼara/ | sinou /sinou/ | — | — |
| Wind | ǂoab /ǂoab/ | ǂʼoab /ǂʔoab/ | ǂqhùe /ǂqʰue/ | iska /ˈiska/ | lai /lai/ | lai /lai/ | anin /anin/ |
| Erde | ǃhūb /ǃʰuːp/ | ǃhūb /ǃʰuːb/ | ǂkxʼûm /ǂkxʼum/ | ƙasa /kʼasaː/ | tano /tano/ | tano /tano/ | afu /afu/ |
| Stein | ǀuib /ǀuib/ | ǀʼuis /ǀʔuis/ | — | dutse /ˈdutse/ | nadi /ˈnadi/ | nadi /nadi/ | fatu /fatu/ |
| Berg | ǃhommi /ǃʰomːi/ | ǃareb /ǃareb/ | — | tsauni /tsauniː/ | ororo /ororo/ | ororo /oɾoɾo/ | nuʼaf /nuʔaf/ |
| Meer | hurib /hurib/ | huriǁamma /huriǁamːa/ | — | teku /teːku/ | davara /davara/ | davara /davara/ | tasi /tasi/ |
| Mutter | ǁgûs /ǁɡũːs/ | ĩs /ĩs/ | qáe /qae/ | uwa /uwaː/ | sina /sina/ | sinana /sinana/ | ainaf /ainaf/ |
| Vater | ǁgûb /ǁɡũːb/ | abob /abob/ | a̰a /a̰a/ | uba /ubaː/ | tama /tama/ | tamana /tamana/ | amat /amat/ |
| Tochter | ôas /õas/ | õas /õas/ | — | ʼya /ʔja/ | natuna kekeni /natuna kekeni/ | natuna kekenina /natuna kekenina/ | anfeto /anfeto/ |
| Ich | tita /titá/ | tita /tita/ | ń /ŋ̩/ | ni /niː/ | lau /lau/ | lau /lau/ | au /au/ |
| Du | sats /sats/ | sats /sats/ | a /aː/ | kai /kai/ | oi /oi/ | oi /oi/ | ho /ho/ |
| Wir | sada / sida /sada / sida/ | sada / sida /sada / sida/ | īh /iː/ | mu /muː/ | ita / ai /ita / ai/ | ita / ai /ita / ai/ | hit / hai /hit / hai/ |
| Name | ǀons /ǀòns/ | ǀkxʼonna /ǀkxʼonːa/ | ǀqʼûle /ǀʛûle/ | suna /suːnaː/ | ladana /laˈdana/ | ladana /ladana/ | kanan /ˈkanan/ |
| Mensch | khoe-i /kʰoei/ | khoeb /kʰoeb/ | tâa /taː/ | mutum /mutum/ | taunimanima /taunimanima/ | taunimanima /taunimanima/ | atoni /atoni/ |
| Kopf | danas /danas/ | mũǃʼãb /mũǃʔãb/ | ǀnàn /ǀnã/ | — | kwarana /kʷarana/ | kwara /kʷaɾa/ | nakaf /nakaf/ |
| Auge | mûs /mũːs/ | mũb /mũb/ | ǃʼûĩ /ǃʼũĩ/ | ido /idoː/ | matana /matana/ | matana /matana/ | matan /matan/ |
| Ohr | ǂgaes /ǂɡaes/ | ǁnãub /ǁnãub/ | — | kunne /kunːe/ | taiana /taiana/ | taiana /taiana/ | luken /luken/ |
| Nase | ǂguis /ǂɡuis/ | ǂuib /ǂuib/ | — | hanci /hantʃi/ | udubaubauna /udubaubauna/ | udu-baubau /udubaubau/ | pana /pana/ |
| Mund | am-s /ams/ | kxʼamma /kxʼamːa/ | ǂûe /ǂue/ | baki /baːkiː/ | uduna /uduna/ | udu /udu/ | fefan /fefan/ |
| Zahn | ǁgûb /ǁɡũːb/ | ǁũb /ǁũb/ | ǃxu /ǃχu/ | haƙori /hakʼoːriː/ | isena /isena/ | ise /ise/ | nisi /nisi/ |
| Zunge | nammi /namːi/ | tamma /tamːa/ | ǃnani /ǃnani/ | harshe /harʃeː/ | mala /mala/ | mala /mala/ | maaʼ /maːʔ/ |
| Hand | ǃom-mi /ǃomːi/ | ǃʼommi /ǃʔomːi/ | ǀkxʼàa /ǀkxʼaː/ | hannu /hanːu/ | ima /ima/ | ima /ima/ | ʼniman /ʔniman/ |
| Fuß | ǂaidi /ǂaidi/ | ǂaib /ǂʔaib/ | ǂnùũ /ǂnũũ/ | ƙafa /kʼáfàː/ | ae /ae/ | ae /ae/ | haef /haef/ |
| Herz | ǂgaob /ǂɡaob/ | ǂaob /ǂaob/ | ǀqʼàn /ǀqʼã/ | zuciya /zutʃija/ | kudouna /kudouna/ | kudouna /kudouna/ | nesa /nesa/ |
| Knochen | ǂkhōb /ǂkʰoːb/ | ǂxōb /ǂxoːb/ | ǂàã /ǂãã/ | ƙashi /kʼaʃiː/ | turia /turia/ | turia /turia/ | nuʼi /nuʔi/ |
| Blut | ǀaob /ǀaop/ | ǀʼaob /ǀʔaob/ | ǃxãu /ǃχãũ/ | jini /dʒìníː/ | rara /rara/ | rara /rara/ | naʼ /naʔ/ |
| Liebe | ǀnam /ǀnam/ | ǀnām /ǀnaːm/ | — /—/ | ƙauna /kʼauna/ | lalokau /lalokau/ | lalokau /lalokau/ | nekat /nekat/ |
| Baum | hai-s /hais/ | hais /hais/ | ʼʘnàje /ʔʘnaje/ | bishiya /biʃija/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | hau /hau/ |
| Hund | arib /arib/ | arib /arib/ | ǂqhài /ǂqʰai/ | kare /kaɾe/ | sisia /sisia/ | sisia /sisia/ | asu /asu/ |
| Katze | ǀores /ǀores/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | kyanwa /kʲanwa/ | pusi /pusi/ | gosi /ɡosi/ | meo /meo/ |
| Fisch | ǁaub /ǁaub/ | ǁʼaub /ǁʔaub/ | ǀqhaa /ǀqʰaa/ | kifi /kiːfiː/ | gwarume /ɡʷaɾume/ | gwarume /ɡʷaɾume/ | ikaʼ /ikaʔ/ |
| Vogel | anis /anis/ | kxʼanis /kxʼanis/ | — | tsuntsu /tsúntsúː/ | manu /manu/ | manu /ˈmanu/ | kolo /kolo/ |
| Ei | ǃupus /ǃupus/ | — | ᶢǂúã /ᶢǂũã/ | ƙwai /kʼʷai/ | gatoi /ɡatoi/ | gatoi /ɡatoi/ | teko /teko/ |
| Bär | bēr-i /beːri/ | — | — | beyar /bejar/ | bea /bea/ | bea /bea/ | — |
| Pferd | hāb /haːb/ | hāb /haːb/ | — | doki /ˈdoːki/ | hosi /hosi/ | hosi /hosi/ | bikase /bikase/ |
| Haus | oms /oms/ | kxʼommi /kxʼomːi/ | — /—/ | gida /ɡida/ | ruma /ɾuma/ | ruma /ɾuma/ | ume /ume/ |
| Milch | bis /bis/ | bīb /biːb/ | gǂqhèẽ /ɡǂqʰeẽ/ | madara /madara/ | rata /rata/ | rata /rata/ | susu /susu/ |
| Honig | danis /danis/ | danis /danis/ | — | zuma /zuma/ | — | bada ranuna /bada ɾanuna/ | oni /oni/ |
| Salz | ǂōb /ǂoːp/ | ǂkxʼōb /ǂkxʼoːb/ | — | gishiri /ɡiʃiri/ | damena /damena/ | damena /damena/ | masiʼ /masiʔ/ |
| Wein | ǂauxûi-i /ǂauxũĩi/ | ǀkxʼabaǃxarib /ǀkxʼabaǃxarib/ | — | ruwan inabi /ɾuwan inabi/ | uaina /uaina/ | vine ranuna /vine ɾanuna/ | — |
| Eisen | ǀurib /ǀurib/ | ǀkxʼurib /ǀkxʼurib/ | — | ƙarfe /kʼarfe/ | auri /ˈauɾi/ | auri /ˈauɾi/ | besi /besi/ |
| Rad | ǀnūs /ǀnuːs/ | ǃnaris /ǃnaris/ | — | wili /wiːliː/ | uili /uili/ | ava-keikei /avakeikei/ | — |
| Seide | saib /saib/ | — | — | alharini /alhaˈriːni/ | siliki /siliki/ | — | sutra /sutra/ |
| Buch | ǂkhanis /ǂkʰanis/ | ǂxanis /ǂxanis/ | — | littafi /ˈlitːafi/ | buka /ˈbuka/ | buka /buka/ | sulat /sulat/ |
| Essen | ǂû /ǂũː/ | ǂʼũ /ǂʔũ/ | ʼâã /ʔãː/ | ci /tʃiː/ | ania /ania/ | aniani /aniani/ | ah /ah/ |
| Trinken | ā /aː/ | kxʼā /kxʼaː/ | kxʼāhã /kxʼaːhã/ | sha /ʃaː/ | inua /inua/ | inuinu /inuinu/ | ninu /ninu/ |
| Schlafen | ǁom /ǁom/ | ǁʼom /ǁʔom/ | ʘân /ʘã/ | yi barci /ji bartʃiː/ | mahuta /maˈhuta/ | mahuta /maˈhuta/ | tup /tup/ |
| Eins | ǀgui /ǀɡui/ | ǀui /ǀui/ | ǂʼûã /ǂʼũã/ | ɗaya /ɗaja/ | ta /ta/ | ta /ta/ | mese /mese/ |
| Zwei | ǀgam /ǀɡàm/ | ǀam /ǀam/ | ǂnûm /ǂûm/ | biyu /biju/ | rua /rua/ | rua /rua/ | nua /ˈnua/ |
| Drei | ǃnona /ǃnoná/ | ǃnona /ǃnona/ | ǁaeˀe /ǁaeʔe/ | uku /ʔúkù/ | toi /toi/ | toi /toi/ | tenu /tenu/ |
| Vier | haka /haka/ | haka /haka/ | — | huɗu /huɗu/ | hani /hani/ | hani /hani/ | ha /ha/ |
| Fünf | koro /koro/ | koro /koro/ | — | biyar /bijar/ | ima /ima/ | ima /ima/ | nim /nim/ |
| Hundert | kaidisi /kaidisi/ | — | — | ɗari /ɗari/ | handred /handred/ | sinahu /sinahu/ | natun /natun/ |
| Hallo | matisâ /matisãː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | sannu /sanːu/ | namona /namona/ | namo gida /namo ɡida/ | neut /neut/ |
| Danke | aios /aios/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | na gode /na ɡode/ | tanikiu /tanikiu/ | oi namo /oi namo/ | neno biluk /neno biluk/ |
| Gut | ǃgâib /ǃɡãĩb/ | ǃãi /ǃãi/ | — /—/ | nagari /naɡaɾi/ | namo /namo/ | namo /namo/ | malaek /malaek/ |
| Neu | ǀasa /ǀasa/ | ǀʼāsa /ǀʔaːsa/ | — | sabo /saːboː/ | matamata /matamata/ | matamata /matamata/ | feʼu /feʔu/ |
| Rot | ǀapa /ǀapa/ | ǀkxʼaba /ǀkxʼaba/ | ǀàa /ǀàa/ | ja /dʒaː/ | kakakaka /kakakaka/ | kakakaka /kakakaka/ | mtasaʼ /mtasaʔ/ |
| Weiß | ǃuri /ǃuri/ | xati /xati/ | — | fari /faːriː/ | kurokuro /kurokuro/ | kurokuro /kurokuro/ | mutiʼ /mutiʔ/ |
| Schwarz | ǂnu /ǂnu/ | ǂnū /ǂnuː/ | — | baƙi /bakʼiː/ | korema /korema/ | koremakorema /koɾemakoɾema/ | metan /metan/ |
| Grün | ǃgam /ǃɡam/ | ǃkxʼam /ǃkxʼam/ | ᶢǀa̤ʕi /ᶢǀa̤ʕi/ | kore /ˈkoːre/ | gadoka gadoka /ɡadoka ɡadoka/ | gadokagadoka /ɡadokaɡadoka/ | mateʼ /mateʔ/ |
| Blau | ǃhoa /ǃʰoa/ | ǃnoa /ǃnoa/ | ᶢǀa̤ʕi /ᶢǀa̤ʕi/ | shuɗi /ʃuːɗiː/ | gadoka gadoka /ɡadoka ɡadoka/ | gadokagadoka /ɡadokaɡadoka/ | — |
| Computer | komputers /komputers/ | — | — | kwamfuta /kʷamfuta/ | kompiuta /kompiuta/ | kompiuta /kompiuta/ | — |
| Kaffee | kofi-i | — | — | kofi /koːfiː/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | — |
| 99 | khoesedisikhoeseǀa /kʰoesedisikʰoeseǀa/ | — | — | casaʼin da tara /tʃasaʔin da tara/ | — | — | boʼsio am sio /boʔsio am sio/ |
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