Bahasa Indonesia

Indonesian

Austronesian

FamilyAustronesian Speakers~200M (~30M L1 + ~170M L2/national) ScriptLatin CountriesIndonesia Official inIndonesia Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3ind Glottocodeindo1316

Also known as: Indonesian, Bahasa Indonesia

Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) is the national language of Indonesia, with ~200M total speakers — primarily as L2 lingua franca across the archipelago's 700+ regional languages, with ~25-40M L1. It is a standardized form of Malay (Malayic Austronesian), sister to Standard Malay (ms) used in Malaysia/Brunei/Singapore. Adopted as the language of unification at the 1928 Sumpah Pemuda (Youth Pledge), it grew from the Riau-based market-Malay register rather than Javanese (the largest L1 community) — a deliberate political choice for ethnic neutrality. Latin orthography evolved through three reforms: van Ophuijsen 1901, Soewandi 1947, Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan 1972, the latter harmonized with Malaysian Rumi. SVO with extensive verbal affix system (meN-/di-/ber-/ter-/ke...an).

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Indonesian

Water

air

ˈair

Fire

api

api

Sun

matahari

matahari

Moon

bulan

bulan

Star

bintang

bintaŋ

Night

malam

ˈmalam

Rain

hujan

ˈhudʒan

Snow

salju

saldʒu

Wind

angin

ˈaŋin

Earth

tanah

tanah

Stone

batu

ˈbatu

Mountain

gunung

ɡuˈnuŋ

Sea

laut

ˈlaut

Mother

ibu

ibu

Father

ayah

ajah

Daughter

anak perempuan

anak pərəmpuan

I

saya

saja

You

kamu

kamu

We

kita / kami

kita / kami

Name

nama

nama

Person

orang

ˈoraŋ

Head

kepala

kəˈpala

Eye

mata

mata

Ear

telinga

təˈliŋa

Nose

hidung

hiˈduŋ

Mouth

mulut

ˈmulut

Tooth

gigi

ˈɡiɡi

Tongue

lidah

ˈlidah

Hand

tangan

taŋan

Foot

kaki

ˈkaki

Heart

hati

hati

Bone

tulang

ˈtulaŋ

Blood

darah

ˈdarah

Poop

pup

pup

Love

cinta

tʃinta

Tree

pohon

pohon

Dog

anjing

andʒiŋ

Cat

kucing

kutʃiŋ

Fish

ikan

ˈikan

Bird

burung

buruŋ

Butterfly

kupu-kupu

kupukupu

Egg

telur

təˈlur

Bear

beruang

bəruaŋ

Horse

kuda

ˈkuda

House

rumah

rumah

Milk

susu

susu

Honey

madu

ˈmadu

Salt

garam

ɡaram

Wine

anggur

aŋɡur

Rice

beras

bəˈras

Chocolate

coklat

ˈtʃoklat

Iron

besi

bəsi

Wheel

roda

roda

Silk

sutra

ˈsutra

Book

buku

ˈbuku

Eat

makan

makan

Drink

minum

minum

Sleep

tidur

tidur

One

satu

satu

Two

dua

dua

Three

tiga

tiɡa

Four

empat

əmpat

Five

lima

lima

Hundred

seratus

səratus

Hello

halo

ˈhalo

Thank you

terima kasih

tərima kasih

Good

baik

baiʔ

New

baru

ˈbaru

Red

merah

ˈmerah

White

putih

ˈputih

Black

hitam

ˈhitam

Green

hijau

ˈhidʒau

Blue

biru

ˈbiru

Cuckoo

kangkok

ˈkaŋkɔʔ

Woof

guk guk

ɡuk ɡuk

Cock-a-doodle-doo

kukuruyuk

kukuˈrujuʔ

Computer

komputer

kɔmˈputər

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi

ˈwifi

Sushi

susyi

suʃi

Tea

teh

tɛh

Coffee

kopi

ˈkopi

Sugar

gula

ˈɡula

Orange

jeruk

dʒəˈruk

Ninety-nine

sembilan puluh sembilan

səmbilan puluh səmbilan

Dopamine

dopamin

dopaˈmin

At sign

et

ɛt

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Austronesian

Meaning IndonesianMalayOld MalayMusiPapuan MalayNorth Moluccan MalayAmbon Malay
Water air /ˈair/ air /ˈair/ air /air/ ayek /ajek/ air /aer/ aer /aer/ aer /aer/
Fire api /api/ api /api/ api /api/ api /api/ api /ˈapi/ api /api/ api /api/
Sun matahari /matahari/ matahari /matahari/ matari /matari/ matahari /matahari/ matahari /mataˈhari/ matahari /matahari/ mata hari /mata hari/
Moon bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /ˈbulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulang /bulaŋ/
Star bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/
Night malam /ˈmalam/ malam /ˈmalam/ malam /malam/ malem /maləm/ malam /malam/ malam /malam/ malang /malaŋ/
Rain hujan /ˈhudʒan/ hujan /ˈhudʒan/ — ujan /uˈdʒan/ ujan /udʒan/ ujang /uˈdʒaŋ/ ujang /udʒaŋ/
Snow salju /saldʒu/ salji /saldʒi/ — — salju /saldʒu/ salju /saldʒu/ —
Page 1/11

Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Indonesian
Saya ingin mencoba setelan yang saya lihat di toko seberang hotel
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 で 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
我 想 试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 里 看到的 那套西装
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with languages in the same classification

Gusto nako sulayan ang suit nga nakita nako sa tindahan atbang sa hotel
Au via vakatovolei e dua na ivakatagedegede ka au raica e na sitoa e na otela
Makemake au e hoʻāʻo i kahi kamaʻa aʻu i ʻike ai ma kahi hale kūʻai ma mua o ka hōkele
Kayatko a padasan ti suit a nakitak iti tiendaan sangbay ti hotel
Indonesian
Saya ingin mencoba setelan yang saya lihat di toko seberang hotel

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