Malagasy

Austronesian

FamilyAustronesian Speakers~25M ScriptLatin CountriesMadagascar Official inMadagascar Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3mlg

Malagasy is the national language of Madagascar, with ~25M speakers and the remarkable distinction of being a Western Austronesian language spoken 7,000 km from its nearest relatives. Linguistic and genetic evidence places its closest sister as Ma'anyan of southeastern Borneo, with Austronesian seafarers reaching Madagascar c. 350-550 CE — likely the longest single oceanic migration in human prehistory. The language has SVO order (typologically rare in Austronesian, where VOS is more common) with extensive Bantu, Arabic, and French loanword strata reflecting a millennium of Indian Ocean contact. Pre-Latin Sorabe (Arabic-derived) script preserved Antemoro scholarly tradition 16th-19th c.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Malagasy

Water

rano

ɾanu

Fire

afo

afu

Sun

masoandro

masuandɾu

Moon

volana

vulana

Star

kintana

ˈkintana

Night

alina

ˈalina

Rain

orana

uˈranə

Snow

oram-panala

uramˈpanala

Wind

rivotra

riˈvutʂ

Earth

tany

taniʲ

Stone

vato

ˈvatu

Mountain

tendrombohitra

tendrumˈbuhitʂa

Sea

ranomasina

ranuˈmasina

Mother

reny

ɾeni

Father

ray

ɾaj

Daughter

zanaka vavy

zanaka vavi

I

aho

ˈahu

You

ianao

iaˈnaw

We

isika / izahay

iˈsika / izaˈhaj

Name

anarana

aˈnarana

Person

olona

ˈulnə

Head

loha

ˈluha

Eye

maso

masu

Ear

sofina

sufʲinə

Nose

orona

uˈruna

Mouth

vava

ˈvavə

Tooth

nify

nifʲ

Tongue

lela

ˈlela

Hand

tanana

tanana

Foot

tongotra

tonɡotra

Heart

fo

fu

Bone

taolana

taˈulana

Blood

ra

ra

Poop

tay

taj

Love

fitiavana

fitiavana

Tree

hazo

hazu

Dog

alika

alika

Cat

saka

saka

Fish

fia

ˈfia

Bird

vorona

ˈvurunə

Butterfly

lolo

ˈlulu

Egg

atody

aˈtudʲ

Bear

bera

beɾa

Horse

soavaly

suaˈvali

House

trano

tɾanu

Milk

ronono

runun

Honey

tantely

tanˈtelʲ

Salt

sira

sirə

Wine

divay

divaj

Rice

vary

ˈvari

Chocolate

sôkôla

soˈkola

Iron

vy

vi

Wheel

kodia

kudia

Silk

landy

landʲ

Book

boky

ˈbuki

Eat

mihinana

mihinana

Drink

misotro

misutɾu

Sleep

matory

maˈturi

One

iray

iɾaj

Two

roa

ˈrua

Three

telo

ˈtelu

Four

efatra

ˈefatʂə

Five

dimy

dimʲ

Hundred

zato

ˈzatu

Hello

manao ahoana

manau ahuana

Thank you

misaotra

misautɾa

Good

tsara

tsaɾa

New

vaovao

vawˈvaw

Red

mena

ˈmena

White

fotsy

ˈfutsɨ

Black

mainty

ˈmaintɨ

Green

maitso

maˈitsu

Blue

manga

ˈmaŋɡa

Cuckoo

kankafotra

kankaˈfutʂə

Computer

solosaina

suluˈsajna

Tea

dite

ditə

Coffee

kafe

kaˈfe

Sugar

siramamy

siraˈmami

Orange

voasary

vuˈsarʲ

Ninety-nine

sivy amby sivifolo

sivʲ ambʲ siviˈfulu

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Austronesian

Meaning MalagasyOld MalayMalayIndonesianNgajuMusiTetum
Water rano /ɾanu/ air /air/ air /ˈair/ air /ˈair/ danum /danum/ ayek /ajek/ bee /beː/
Fire afo /afu/ api /api/ api /api/ api /api/ apui /apui/ api /api/ ahi /ahi/
Sun masoandro /masuandɾu/ matari /matari/ matahari /matahari/ matahari /matahari/ matanandau /matanandau/ matahari /matahari/ loron /loɾon/
Moon volana /vulana/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ fulan /fulan/
Star kintana /ˈkintana/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ bintang /bintaŋ/ fitun /ˈfitun/
Night alina /ˈalina/ malam /malam/ malam /ˈmalam/ malam /ˈmalam/ hamalem /hamaləm/ malem /maləm/ kalan /kalan/
Rain orana /uˈranə/ — hujan /ˈhudʒan/ hujan /ˈhudʒan/ ujan /udʒan/ ujan /uˈdʒan/ udan /ˈudan/
Snow oram-panala /uramˈpanala/ — salji /saldʒi/ salju /saldʒu/ salju /saldʒu/ — neve /ˈnɛvɛ/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Malagasy
Te hitsapa ny akanjo izay hitako tao amin'ny fivarotana manandrify ny hotely aho
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 で 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
我 想 试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 里 看到的 那套西装
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with languages in the same classification

Gusto nako sulayan ang suit nga nakita nako sa tindahan atbang sa hotel
Au via vakatovolei e dua na ivakatagedegede ka au raica e na sitoa e na otela
Makemake au e hoʻāʻo i kahi kamaʻa aʻu i ʻike ai ma kahi hale kūʻai ma mua o ka hōkele
Kayatko a padasan ti suit a nakitak iti tiendaan sangbay ti hotel
Malagasy
Te hitsapa ny akanjo izay hitako tao amin'ny fivarotana manandrify ny hotely aho

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