Runa simi
Quechua clásico
Quechua · variedad histórica / oculta
El quechua clásico (Runa simi) era la lingua franca del Imperio Inca (Tawantinsuyu) en los siglos 15-16. Los incas no tenían escritura propiamente dicha sino que usaban khipus (cordones anudados). El quechua de Cuzco moderno es la variedad viva más cercana.
Dónde se habla
87 palabras esenciales en quechua clásico
Fuentes
- Santo Tomas, Domingo de (1560) Grammatica o arte de la lengua general de los indios de los reynos del Peru. Valladolid
Palabras comparadas
Comparación con otras lenguas de la misma clasificación: Quechua
| Significado | Quechua clásico | Quechua cuzqueño | Quechua ayacuchano | Quechua | Aimara | Jaqaru | Pintupi-luritja |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agua | unu /unu/ | unu /unu/ | yaku /jaku/ | yaku /jaku/ | uma /uma/ | uma /uma/ | kapi /kapi/ |
| Fuego | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | waru /waɻu/ |
| Sol | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | tjintu /cintu/ |
| Luna | killa /kiʎa/ | killa /kiʎa/ | killa /kiʎa/ | killa /kiʎa/ | phaxsi /pʰaχsi/ | paxshi /paχʃi/ | pira /piɻa/ |
| Estrella | quyllur /qojʎur/ | quyllur /ˈqojʎur/ | quyllur /ˈqujʎuɾ/ | quyllur /ˈqujʎuɾ/ | warawara /waɾawaɾa/ | waraxa /waɾaχa/ | kililpi /kiˈlilpi/ |
| Noche | tuta /tuta/ | tuta /tuta/ | tuta /tuta/ | tuta /tuta/ | aruma /aruma/ | aruma /aruma/ | munga /muŋa/ |
| Lluvia | para /para/ | para /ˈpara/ | para /ˈpaɾa/ | para /ˈpaɾa/ | jallu /ˈxaʎu/ | jallu /haʎu/ | — |
| Nieve | ritʼi /ɾitʼi/ | ritʼi /ritʼi/ | rasu /ɾasu/ | ritʼi /ɾitʼi/ | khunu /kʰunu/ | khunu /kʰunu/ | — |
| Viento | wayra /ˈwajra/ | wayra /ˈwajɾa/ | wayra /ˈwajɾa/ | wayra /ˈwajɾa/ | thaya /ˈtʰaja/ | wawya /wawja/ | walpa /walpa/ |
| Tierra | allpa /alʲpa/ | allpa /alʲpa/ | allpa /aʎpa/ | allpa /aʎpa/ | uraqi /uɾaqi/ | — | manta /manta/ |
| Piedra | rumi /rumi/ | rumi /ˈɾumi/ | rumi /ˈɾumi/ | rumi /ˈɾumi/ | qala /ˈqala/ | qala /qala/ | puḻi /puɭi/ |
| Montaña | urqu /orqo/ | urqu /urqu/ | urqu /uɾqu/ | urqu /ˈuɾqu/ | qullu /quʎu/ | qaaqa /qaːqa/ | puḻi katu /puɭi katu/ |
| Mar | mama qucha /mama qotʃa/ | mama qucha /mama qutʃa/ | lamar qucha /lamaɾ qutʃa/ | mama qucha /mama ˈqutʃa/ | lamara /lamara/ | — | yuru /juɻu/ |
| Madre | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | ngunytju /ŋuɲcu/ |
| Padre | yaya /jaja/ | tayta /tajta/ | tayta /tajta/ | tayta /tajta/ | tata /tata/ | awki /awki/ | mama /mama/ |
| Hija | ususi /ususi/ | ususi /uˈsusi/ | ususi /uˈsusi/ | ususi /uˈsusi/ | phucha /pʰutʃa/ | — | yuṉṯalpa /juɳʈalpa/ |
| Yo | ñuqa /ɲoqa/ | ñuqa /ˈɲoqa/ | ñuqa /ˈɲuqa/ | ñuqa /ˈɲuqa/ | naya /naja/ | na /na/ | ngayulu /ŋajulu/ |
| Tú | qam /qam/ | qan /qan/ | qam /qam/ | qam /qam/ | juma /xuma/ | juma /huma/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ |
| Nosotros | ñuqanchik / ñuqayku /ɲoqantʃik / ɲoqajku/ | ñuqanchis / ñuqayku /ɲoˈqantʃis / ɲoˈqajku/ | ñuqanchik / ñuqayku /ɲuˈqantʃik / ɲuˈqajku/ | ñuqanchik / ñuqayku /ɲuˈqantʃik / ɲuˈqajku/ | jiwasa / nanaka /xiwasa / nanaka/ | jiwsa /hiwsa/ | nganana /ŋanaɳa/ |
| Nombre | suti /suti/ | suti /ˈsuti/ | suti /ˈsuti/ | suti /ˈsuti/ | suti /suti/ | shutyi /ʃuci/ | yini /jini/ |
| Persona | runa /runa/ | runa /runa/ | runa /ɾuna/ | runa /ˈɾuna/ | jaqi /xaqi/ | jaqi /haqi/ | yanangu /janaŋu/ |
| Cabeza | uma /uma/ | uma /uma/ | uma /uma/ | uma /ˈuma/ | pʼiqi /pʼiqi/ | nampʼa /nampʼa/ | kata /kata/ |
| Ojo | ñawi /ɲawi/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | nayra /najɾa/ | nayra /najɾa/ | kuru /kuɻu/ |
| Oreja | rinri /ɾinri/ | rinri /rinri/ | rinri /ɾinɾi/ | rinri /ɾinɾi/ | jinchu /xintʃu/ | jinchu /hintʃu/ | pina /pina/ |
| Nariz | sinqa /siŋqa/ | sinqa /ˈsɛnqa/ | sinqa /ˈsinqa/ | sinqa /ˈsinqa/ | nasa /ˈnasa/ | nasa /nasa/ | mulya /muʎa/ |
| Boca | simi /simi/ | simi /simi/ | simi /simi/ | simi /ˈsimi/ | laka /ˈlaka/ | — | tjaa /caː/ |
| Diente | kiru /kiɾu/ | kiru /kiɾu/ | kiru /kiɾu/ | kiru /kiɾu/ | lakʼa /lakʼa/ | shimi /ʃimi/ | katiti /katiti/ |
| Lengua | qallu /qaʎu/ | qallu /qaʎu/ | qallu /qaʎu/ | qallu /qaʎu/ | laxra /laχra/ | naxra /naχra/ | tjalinypa /caliɲpa/ |
| Mano | maki /maki/ | maki /maki/ | maki /maki/ | maki /maki/ | ampara /ampaɾa/ | ampara /ampaɾa/ | mara /maɻa/ |
| Pie | chaki /tʃaki/ | chaki /tʃaki/ | chaki /tʃaki/ | chaki /tʃaki/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | tjina /cina/ |
| Corazón | sunqu /suŋqu/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | chuyma /tʃujma/ | kurasunha /kuɾasunha/ | kututu /kututu/ |
| Hueso | tullu /tuʎu/ | tullu /tuʎu/ | tullu /tuʎu/ | tullu /tuʎu/ | chʼakha /tʃʼakʰa/ | tsʼaaka /tsʼaːka/ | tarrka /taɾka/ |
| Sangre | yawar /jawar/ | yawar /jawar/ | yawar /jawaɾ/ | yawar /jawaɾ/ | wila /wila/ | wila /wila/ | milkali /milkali/ |
| Caca | aka /ˈaka/ | aka /aka/ | aka /aka/ | aka /aka/ | jama /xama/ | — | kuna /kuna/ |
| Amor | munay /munaj/ | munay /munaj/ | kuyay /kujaj/ | munay /munaj/ | munasiña /munasiɲa/ | munasiña /munasiɲa/ | mukulya /mukuʎa/ |
| Árbol | sachʼa /satʃʼa/ | sachʼa /satʃʼa/ | sacha /satʃa/ | sacha /satʃa/ | quqa /quqa/ | arbuli /aɾbuli/ | punu /punu/ |
| Perro | allqu /aʎqu/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | anu /anu/ | hallqʼu /haʎqʼu/ | papa /papa/ |
| Gato | misi /misi/ | misi /misi/ | michi /mitʃi/ | misi /misi/ | phisi /pʰisi/ | phishi /pʰiʃi/ | pusi /pusi/ |
| Pez | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | piitji /piːʈi/ |
| Pájaro | pisqu /pisqu/ | pisqu /pisqu/ | pisqu /pisqu/ | pisqu /pisqu/ | jamachʼi /xamatʃʼi/ | chʼipi /tʃʼipi/ | tjuḻpu /cuɭpu/ |
| Mariposa | pillpintu /piʎpintu/ | pillpintu /piʎpintu/ | pillpintu /piʎpintu/ | pillpintu /piʎpintu/ | pilpintu /pilpintu/ | — | pintapinta /pintapinta/ |
| Huevo | runtu /ɾuntu/ | runtu /runtu/ | runtu /ɾuntu/ | runtu /ˈɾuntu/ | kʼawna /kʼawna/ | nuru /nuɾu/ | ngampu /ŋampu/ |
| Oso | ukumari /ukumaɾi/ | ukuku /ukuku/ | ukumari /ukumaɾi/ | ukumari /ukumaɾi/ | jukumari /xukumaɾi/ | — | piiya /piːja/ |
| Casa | wasi /wasi/ | wasi /wasi/ | wasi /wasi/ | wasi /wasi/ | uta /uta/ | uta /uta/ | ngurra /ŋuɾa/ |
| Leche | ñukñu /ɲukɲu/ | lichi /litʃi/ | lichi /litʃi/ | lichi /ˈlitʃi/ | millkʼi /miʎkʼi/ | — | mimi /mimi/ |
| Miel | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | miski /miski/ | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | — | ngalypuru /ŋaʎpuɻu/ |
| Sal | kachi /katʃi/ | kachi /ˈkatʃi/ | kachi /ˈkatʃi/ | kachi /ˈkatʃi/ | jayu /ˈxaju/ | katyi /kaci/ | paṉṯu /paɳʈu/ |
| Hierro | qʼillay /qʼiʎaj/ | fierro /ˈfjero/ | fierro /ˈfjeɾo/ | qʼillay /ˈqʼiʎaj/ | qillaya /qiʎaja/ | — | yayina /jajina/ |
| Libro | qillqa /qiʎqa/ | liwru /liwru/ | libru /libɾu/ | liwru /ˈliwɾu/ | panka /panka/ | — | piipa /piːpa/ |
| Comer | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ | mikuy /mikuj/ | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ | manqʼaña /manqʼaɲa/ | paluña /paluɲa/ | ngalkuni /ŋalkuni/ |
| Beber | upyay /upjaj/ | upyay /upjaj/ | upyay /upjaj/ | upyay /upjaj/ | umaña /umaɲa/ | umaña /umaɲa/ | tjikini /cikini/ |
| Dormir | puñuy /puɲuj/ | puñuy /puˈɲuj/ | puñuy /puˈɲuj/ | puñuy /puˈɲuj/ | ikiña /iˈkiɲa/ | ikiña /iˈkiɲa/ | kunkunpa /kunkunpa/ |
| Uno | huk /huk/ | huk /huk/ | huk /huk/ | huk /huk/ | maya /maja/ | maya /maja/ | kutju /kucu/ |
| Dos | iskay /iskaj/ | iskay /ˈiskaj/ | iskay /ˈiskaj/ | iskay /ˈiskaj/ | paya /paja/ | paxa /paχa/ | kutjarra /kucaɾa/ |
| Tres | kimsa /kimsa/ | kinsa /kinsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | tjirripala /ciripala/ |
| Cuatro | tawa /tawa/ | tawa /tawa/ | tawa /tawa/ | tawa /tawa/ | pusi /pusi/ | pushi /puʃi/ | puupala /puːpala/ |
| Cinco | pichqa /pitʃqa/ | pichqa /ˈpitʃqa/ | pichqa /ˈpitʃqa/ | pichqa /ˈpitʃqa/ | phisqa /ˈpʰisqa/ | pichqa /pitʃqa/ | payipala /pajipala/ |
| Cien | pachak /patʃak/ | pachak /ˈpatʃak/ | pachak /patʃak/ | pachak /ˈpatʃak/ | pataka /pataka/ | pachak /patʃak/ | yantaṯa /jantaʈa/ |
| Hola | rimaykullayki /rimajkuʎajki/ | rimaykullayki /rimajkuʎajki/ | napaykullayki /napajkuʎajki/ | allillanchu /aʎiʎantʃu/ | kamisaki /kamisaki/ | kamishti /kamiʃti/ | palya /paʎa/ |
| Gracias | añay /aɲaj/ | añay /aɲaj/ | añay /aɲaj/ | sulpayki /sulpajki/ | yuspagara /juspaɣaɾa/ | yuspaa /juspaː/ | palya /paʎa/ |
| Bueno | allin /aʎin/ | allin /aʎin/ | allin /aʎin/ | allin /aʎin/ | suma /suma/ | shuma /ʃuma/ | palya /paʎa/ |
| Nuevo | musuq /mosoq/ | musuq /musuq/ | musuq /musuq/ | musuq /ˈmusuq/ | machaqa /matʃaqa/ | machaqa /matʃaqa/ | kuwarritja /kuwaɾica/ |
| Rojo | puka /puka/ | puka /puka/ | puka /puka/ | puka /puka/ | wila /wila/ | chukapa /tʃukapa/ | yulpa /julpa/ |
| Blanco | yuraq /juraq/ | yuraq /ˈjuɾaq/ | yuraq /ˈjuɾaq/ | yuraq /ˈjuɾaq/ | janqʼu /ˈxaɴqʼu/ | janqʼu /hanqʼu/ | piranpa /piɾanpa/ |
| Negro | yana /jana/ | yana /jana/ | yana /jana/ | yana /jana/ | chʼiyara /tʃʼijara/ | tsʼirara /tsʼiɾaɾa/ | maru /maɻu/ |
| Verde | qumir /qomir/ | qʼumir /qʼumir/ | qumir /qumiɾ/ | qʼomer /qʼomeɾ/ | chʼuxña /tʃʼuxɲa/ | — | kuriinwana /kuɻiːnwana/ |
| Azul | anqas /anqas/ | anqas /aŋqas/ | anqas /aŋqas/ | anqas /aŋqas/ | larama /laɾama/ | — | puluuwana /puluːwana/ |
| Computadora | yupana /juˈpana/ | computadora /komputaˈdora/ | computadora /komputaˈdoɾa/ | antañiqiq /antaɲiqiq/ | atamiri /atamiɾi/ | — | — |
| 99 | isqun chunka isqunniyuq /isqun tʃunka isqunnijuq/ | isqun chunka isqunniyuq /ˈisqun ˈtʃunka isqunniˈjuq/ | isqun chunka isqunniyuq /isqun tʃunka isqunnijuq/ | isqun chunka isqunniyuq /isqun tʃunka isqunnijuq/ | llätunka tunka llätunkani /ʎaːtunka tunka ʎaːtunkani/ | — | — |
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