diutisk
Alto tedesco antico
indoeuropeo (Germanica, occidentale) · varietà storica / nascosta
L’alto tedesco antico è la fase più antica dell’alto tedesco (ca. 750–1050) e si distingue dalle lingue germaniche occidentali vicine grazie alla seconda rotazione consonantica (t→z/ts, p→pf/f, k→ch, ecc.). Tra le opere rappresentative figurano l’Hildebrandslied e il Liber Evangeliorum di Otfrido di Weißenburg.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in alto tedesco antico
Fonti
- Braune & Reiffenstein (2004) — Althochdeutsche Grammatik
- Glottolog: Old High German
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: indoeuropeo (Germanica, occidentale)
| Significato | Alto tedesco antico | Medio alto tedesco | Sassone antico | Antico frisone | Walser | Tedesco vallesano | Tedesco dell'epoca di Lutero |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | wazzar /ˈwatsar/ | wazzer /ˈwatser/ | watar /ˈwatar/ | wetir /wetir/ | Wasser /vasːər/ | Wasser /ʋasːər/ | Wasser /ˈvasːər/ |
| Fuoco | fiur /fiur/ | viur /viur/ | fiur /fiur/ | fiur /fjuːɾ/ | Für /fyːr/ | Fyyr /fyːr/ | Fewr /ˈfɔɪ̯ər/ |
| Sole | sunna /ˈsunna/ | sunne /ˈzunːə/ | sunna /ˈsunːa/ | sunne /sunːe/ | Sunna /sʊnːa/ | Sunna /ˈsʊnːa/ | Sonne /ˈzɔnə/ |
| Luna | māno /ˈmaːno/ | mâne /ˈmaːnə/ | māno /ˈmaːno/ | mōna /moːnɑ/ | Maa /maː/ | Mánu /ˈmaːnʊ/ | Mond /moːnt/ |
| Stella | sterno /ˈsterno/ | sterne /ˈstɛrnə/ | sterro /ˈsterro/ | stera /ˈstɛra/ | Stärn /ʃtærn/ | Stäru /ˈʃtæru/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ |
| Notte | naht /naxt/ | naht /naxt/ | naht /naxt/ | nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ |
| Pioggia | regan /ˈreɡan/ | regen /ˈreɡən/ | regan /reɣan/ | rein /rɛin/ | Räge /rɛɡə/ | Räge /rɛɡə/ | Regen /ˈreːɡən/ |
| Neve | snēo /sneːo/ | snē /sneː/ | snēo /ˈsneːo/ | snē /sneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ |
| Vento | wint /wint/ | wint /wɪnt/ | wind /wind/ | wind /wind/ | Wind /vind/ | Wind /ʋind/ | Wind /vɪnt/ |
| Terra | erda /ˈɛrda/ | erde /ˈɛrdə/ | ertha /erθa/ | irthe /irθe/ | Ärd /ærd/ | Ärde /ɛrdə/ | Erde /ˈeːrdə/ |
| Pietra | stein /stein/ | stein /stɛin/ | stēn /steːn/ | stēn /steːn/ | Stei /ʃtai/ | Stei /ʃtɛi/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ |
| Montagna | berg /berɡ/ | berc /bɛrk/ | berg /berɡ/ | berch /berx/ | — | Bäärg /bæːrɡ/ | Berg /bɛrk/ |
| Mare | meri /ˈmeri/ | mer /mɛr/ | seo /ˈseːo/ | sē /seː/ | — | Meer /meːr/ | Meer /meːr/ |
| Madre | muoter /ˈmuotɛr/ | muoter /ˈmuoːtər/ | modar /ˈmoːdar/ | moder /moːdeɾ/ | Müeter /myə̯tər/ | Mu̜eter /ˈmuə̯tər/ | Mutter /ˈmʊtər/ |
| Padre | fater /ˈfatɛr/ | vater /ˈfatər/ | fader /ˈfadər/ | feder /fedeɾ/ | Atti /atːi/ | Vattär /ˈfatːær/ | Vater /ˈfaːtər/ |
| Figlia | tohter /ˈtoxtɛr/ | tohter /ˈtoxtər/ | dohtar /ˈdoxtar/ | dochter /ˈdoxteɾ/ | Techter /ˈtɛxtər/ | Techter /ˈtɛxtər/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtər/ |
| Io | ih /ix/ | ich /ix/ | ik /ik/ | ik /ik/ | ich /ix/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ |
| Tu | du /duː/ | dû /duː/ | thu /θuː/ | thū /θuː/ | du /du/ | du /du/ | du /duː/ |
| Noi | wir /wir/ | wir /wir/ | wī /wiː/ | wī /wiː/ | wir /vir/ | wier /ʋiər/ | wir /viːr/ |
| Nome | namo /ˈnamo/ | name /ˈnamə/ | namo /ˈnamo/ | nama /ˈnama/ | Name /ˈnamə/ | Namu /ˈnamu/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ |
| Persona | mennisco /ˈmenːisko/ | mensch /mɛnʃ/ | man /man/ | manniska /ˈmanːiska/ | — | Mänsch /mænʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ |
| Testa | houbit /ˈhoubit/ | houbet /ˈhoubət/ | hōbid /ˈhoːβid/ | hāved /ˈhaːved/ | — | Chopf /xopf/ | Heubt /hɔɪ̯pt/ |
| Occhio | ouga /ˈouɡa/ | ouge /ˈouɡə/ | ōga /ˈoːɡa/ | āge /aːɣe/ | Oug /oʊɡ/ | Oig /ɔɪ̯ɡ/ | Aug /aʊk/ |
| Orecchio | ōra /ˈoːra/ | ōre /ˈoːrə/ | ōra /ˈoːra/ | are /ˈaːrə/ | Oor /oːr/ | Oor /oːr/ | Ohr /oːr/ |
| Naso | nasa /nasa/ | nase /nazə/ | nasa /nasa/ | nose /nozə/ | Nasu /ˈnaːsu/ | Nase /ˈnaːsə/ | Nase /ˈnaːzə/ |
| Bocca | mund /munt/ | munt /munt/ | mūth /muːθ/ | mūth /muːθ/ | — | Muul /muːl/ | Mund /mʊnt/ |
| Dente | zand /tsand/ | zan /tsan/ | tand /tand/ | tōth /toːθ/ | Zan /tsan/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ |
| Lingua | zunga /ˈtsuŋɡa/ | zunge /ˈtsuŋɡə/ | tunga /ˈtuŋɡa/ | tunge /ˈtuŋɡe/ | Zungu /tsuŋːu/ | Zunga /ˈtsuŋa/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ |
| Mano | hant /hant/ | hant /hant/ | hand /hand/ | hond /hond/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hand/ | Handt /hant/ |
| Piede | fuoz /fuo̯s/ | vuoz /ˈvuo̯s/ | fōt /foːt/ | fōt /foːt/ | Fuess /fuəs/ | Füess /fyəs/ | Fus /fuːs/ |
| Cuore | herza /ˈhertsa/ | herze /ˈhertsə/ | herta /ˈherta/ | herte /heɾte/ | Hërz /hɛrts/ | Härz /hærts/ | Hertz /hɛrts/ |
| Osso | bein /bein/ | bein /bein/ | bēn /beːn/ | bēn /beːn/ | Bei /bei/ | Chnoche /ˈxnɔxə/ | Bein /baɪn/ |
| Sangue | bluot /bluot/ | bluot /bluot/ | blōd /bloːd/ | blōd /bloːd/ | Bluet /bluət/ | Bluet /bluət/ | Blut /bluːt/ |
| Cacca | mist /mist/ | schîze /ʃiːtsə/ | — | skern /skern/ | — | — | Dreck /drɛk/ |
| Amore | minna /ˈminna/ | minne /ˈminːə/ | minnea /ˈminːea/ | minne /minːe/ | Liebi /liə̯bi/ | Liebi /ˈliə̯bi/ | Liebe /ˈliːbə/ |
| Albero | boum /boum/ | boum /boum/ | bōm /boːm/ | bām /baːm/ | Boum /boʊm/ | Boum /bɔʊ̯m/ | Bawm /baʊm/ |
| Cane | hunt /hunt/ | hunt /hunt/ | hund /hund/ | hund /hund/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hung /hʊŋk/ | Hund /hʊnt/ |
| Gatto | kazza /ˈkatsa/ | katze /ˈkatsə/ | katta /ˈkatːa/ | katte /katːe/ | Chatz /xats/ | Chatza /ˈxatsa/ | Katze /ˈkatsə/ |
| Pesce | fisc /fisk/ | visch /viʃ/ | fisk /fisk/ | fisk /fisk/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ |
| Uccello | fogal /ˈfoɡal/ | vogel /ˈfoɡəl/ | fugal /ˈfuɡal/ | fugel /ˈfuɡəl/ | — | Vogol /ˈfoɡol/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡəl/ |
| Farfalla | fifaltra /ˈfifaltra/ | vīvalter /ˈfiːfalter/ | fīfoldara /ˈfiːfoldara/ | — | Pfiifoltra /ˈpfiːfoltra/ | — | Pfeifholter /ˈpfaɪfhɔltər/ |
| Uovo | ei /ɛi/ | ei /ɛi/ | ei /ɛi/ | ei /ɛi/ | — | — | Ey /aɪ̯/ |
| Orso | bero /ˈbero/ | ber /bɛr/ | bero /ˈbero/ | — | Bèèr /bɛːr/ | Bärr /bær/ | Bär /bɛːr/ |
| Cavallo | ros /ros/ | ros /rɔs/ | hros /hros/ | hors /hors/ | — | — | Pferd /pfeːrt/ |
| Casa | hūs /huːs/ | hûs /huːs/ | hūs /huːs/ | hūs /huːs/ | Hus /huːs/ | Hus /huːs/ | Hauß /haʊs/ |
| Latte | miluh /ˈmilux/ | milch /milç/ | miluk /ˈmiluk/ | melok /ˈmelok/ | — | — | Milch /mɪlç/ |
| Miele | honag /ˈhonaɡ/ | honec /ˈhonɛk/ | huneg /ˈhunɛɣ/ | hunich /ˈhunix/ | — | — | Honig /ˈhoːnɪk/ |
| Sale | salz /salts/ | salz /salts/ | salt /salt/ | salt /salt/ | Salz /salts/ | Salz /salts/ | Saltz /zalts/ |
| Vino | wīn /wiːn/ | wīn /viːn/ | wīn /wiːn/ | wīn /wiːn/ | Wii /viː/ | Wii /ʋiː/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ |
| Ferro | īsarn /ˈiːsarn/ | īsen /ˈiːzən/ | īsarn /ˈiːsarn/ | īsern /ˈiːsern/ | Ise /ˈiːsə/ | Ise /ˈiːsə/ | Eisen /ˈaɪzən/ |
| Ruota | rad /rat/ | rat /rat/ | rath /raθ/ | hwēl /hweːl/ | — | — | Rad /raːt/ |
| Seta | sīda /ˈsiːda/ | sîde /ˈsiːdə/ | — | — | — | — | Seide /ˈzaɪdə/ |
| Libro | buoh /buox/ | buoch /buox/ | bōk /boːk/ | bōk /boːk/ | — | — | Buch /buːx/ |
| Mangiare | ezzan /ˈetsan/ | ezzen /ˈetsən/ | etan /ˈetan/ | eta /etɑ/ | ässe /æsə/ | ässu /ˈæsːʊ/ | essen /ˈɛsːən/ |
| Bere | trinkan /ˈtrinkan/ | trinken /ˈtrinkən/ | drinkan /ˈdrinkan/ | drinka /dɾinkɑ/ | trinke /trɪŋkə/ | trichu /ˈtrɪxʊ/ | trincken /ˈtrɪŋkən/ |
| Dormire | slāfan /ˈslɑːfan/ | slāfen /ˈslɑːfən/ | slāpan /ˈslɑːpan/ | slēpa /ˈsleːpa/ | schlaafe /ʃlaːfə/ | schlaaffu /ˈʃlaːfʊ/ | schlaffen /ˈʃlafən/ |
| Uno | ein /ein/ | ein /ein/ | ēn /eːn/ | ān /aːn/ | eins /æɪ̯ns/ | eis /æɪ̯s/ | eyn /aɪ̯n/ |
| Due | zwei /tswei/ | zwei /tsweɪ/ | twēne /ˈtweːne/ | twā /twaː/ | zwei /tsʋei/ | zwei /tsvɛi/ | zwey /tsvaɪ/ |
| Tre | drī /driː/ | drî /driː/ | thrie /θriː/ | thrē /θreː/ | drii /driː/ | drii /driː/ | drei /draɪ/ |
| Quattro | fior /fioːr/ | vier /fiːr/ | fiuwar /ˈfiuwar/ | fiuwer /ˈfiuwer/ | vieri /ˈfiːri/ | vier /fiər/ | vier /fiːr/ |
| Cinque | fimf /fimf/ | vünf /fynf/ | fīf /fiːf/ | fīf /fiːf/ | füüf /fyːf/ | füüf /fyːf/ | fünff /fʏnf/ |
| Cento | hunt /hunt/ | hundert /ˈhundərt/ | hund /hund/ | hundred /hundred/ | — | — | hundert /ˈhʊndərt/ |
| Ciao | heil /heil/ | gegrüezet /ɡəˈɡryːətsət/ | heil /heil/ | heil /heil/ | Grüössi /ɡryə̯sːi/ | Tagwol /ˈtaɡʋol/ | Gott zum Gruß /ɡɔt tsʊm ɡruːs/ |
| Grazie | danc /daŋk/ | danc /daŋk/ | thank /θaŋk/ | thank /θank/ | Vergelts Gott /fɛrɡɛlts ɡot/ | Vergälts Gott /fɛrɡælts ɡot/ | Danck /daŋk/ |
| Buono | guot /ɡuot/ | guot /ɡuoːt/ | gōd /ɡoːd/ | gōd /ɡoːd/ | guet /ɡuə̯t/ | güet /ɡyə̯t/ | gut /ɡuːt/ |
| Nuovo | niuwi /ˈniuwi/ | niuwe /ˈniuwə/ | niuwi /ˈniuwi/ | nī /niː/ | — | niww /niw/ | new /nɔɪ̯/ |
| Rosso | rōt /roːt/ | rôt /roːt/ | rōd /roːd/ | rād /raːd/ | rot /rot/ | rot /rot/ | rot /roːt/ |
| Bianco | wīz /wiːts/ | wīz /viːts/ | hwīt /hwiːt/ | hwīt /hwiːt/ | wiiss /viːs/ | wiiss /viːs/ | weis /vaɪ̯s/ |
| Nero | swarz /swarts/ | swarz /svarts/ | swart /swart/ | swart /swart/ | — | schwarz /ʃvarts/ | schwartz /ʃvarts/ |
| Verde | gruoni /ɡruoni/ | grüene /ɡryənə/ | grōni /ˈɡroːni/ | grēne /ˈɡreːne/ | grüe /ɡryə̯/ | grie /ɡriə/ | grün /ɡryːn/ |
| Blu | blāo /blaːo/ | blā /blaː/ | blāo /blaːo/ | wêden /ˈweːdən/ | — | — | blau /blaʊ/ |
| Cuculo | gouh /ˈɡou̯x/ | gouch /ˈɡou̯x/ | gôk /ɡoːk/ | — | Gugger /ˈɡʊɡər/ | Gugger /ˈɡʊɡər/ | gukuk /ˈɡʊkʊk/ |
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