Aldfrysk
Antico frisone
indoeuropeo · varietà storica / nascosta
L'antico frisone era la lingua germanica occidentale dei Frisoni dal ca. 1100 al ca. 1500, l'antenato storico del frisone occidentale moderno (fy), del frisone del Saterland (stq) e del frisone settentrionale (frr). È lingua sorella dell'inglese antico (ang) all'interno del sottogruppo anglo-frisone, e il legame frisone-inglese è uno dei più stretti all'interno del germanico — l'antico frisone e l'inglese antico condividono il secondo schiarimento anglo-frisone (metafonia anteriore), la perdita della nasale germanica occidentale davanti alle fricative e numerosi elementi lessicali. Ricostruito principalmente a partire dal codice giuridico Skeltana-Riucht e da altri manoscritti medievali. Dopo la fine del XV secolo, l'antico frisone si evolse gradualmente nel frisone medio e poi nelle varietà frisoni moderne.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in antico frisone
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: indoeuropeo
| Significato | Antico frisone | Sassone antico | Anglosassone | Inglese medio | Alto tedesco antico | Gotico | Svedese |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | wetir /wetir/ | watar /ˈwatar/ | wæter /wæter/ | water /watər/ | wazzar /ˈwatsar/ | 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 /wɑtoː/ | vatten /vatːɛn/ |
| Fuoco | fiur /fjuːɾ/ | fiur /fiur/ | fȳr /fyːr/ | fyr /fyːr/ | fiur /fiur/ | 𐍆𐍉𐌽 /foːn/ | eld /ɛld/ |
| Sole | sunne /sunːe/ | sunna /ˈsunːa/ | sunne /sunːe/ | sonne /sɔnːə/ | sunna /ˈsunna/ | 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌽𐍉 /sunːoː/ | sol /suːl/ |
| Luna | mōna /moːnɑ/ | māno /ˈmaːno/ | mōna /moːnɑ/ | mone /moːnə/ | māno /ˈmaːno/ | 𐌼𐌴𐌽𐌰 /meːnɑ/ | måne /moːnɛ/ |
| Stella | stera /ˈstɛra/ | sterro /ˈsterro/ | steorra /ˈsteorːɑ/ | sterre /ˈstɛrːə/ | sterno /ˈsterno/ | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 /stɛrnoː/ | stjärna /ˈɧæːɳa/ |
| Notte | nacht /naxt/ | naht /naxt/ | niht /niçt/ | night /nixt/ | naht /naxt/ | 𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 /naxts/ | natt /natː/ |
| Pioggia | rein /rɛin/ | regan /reɣan/ | regn /rejn/ | reyn /rɛin/ | regan /ˈreɡan/ | 𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌽 /riɡn/ | regn /rɛŋn/ |
| Neve | snē /sneː/ | snēo /ˈsneːo/ | snāw /snɑːw/ | snow /snɔu/ | snēo /sneːo/ | 𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍃 /snɛːws/ | snö /snøː/ |
| Vento | wind /wind/ | wind /wind/ | wind /wind/ | wind /wind/ | wint /wint/ | 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐍃 /winds/ | vind /vɪnd/ |
| Terra | irthe /irθe/ | ertha /erθa/ | eorðe /eorðe/ | erthe /ɛrθə/ | erda /ˈɛrda/ | 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰 /ɛrθa/ | jord /juːrd/ |
| Pietra | stēn /steːn/ | stēn /steːn/ | stān /stɑːn/ | ston /stɔːn/ | stein /stein/ | 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 /stɛːns/ | sten /steːn/ |
| Montagna | berch /berx/ | berg /berɡ/ | beorg /beorɡ/ | mountayne /ˈmuːntain/ | berg /berɡ/ | 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌹 /ˈfɛrɡuni/ | berg /bærj/ |
| Mare | sē /seː/ | seo /ˈseːo/ | sǣ /sæː/ | see /sɛː/ | meri /ˈmeri/ | 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹 /ˈmareː/ | hav /hɑːv/ |
| Madre | moder /moːdeɾ/ | modar /ˈmoːdar/ | mōdor /moːdor/ | moder /moːdər/ | muoter /ˈmuotɛr/ | 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹 /aiθiː/ | mamma /mamːa/ |
| Padre | feder /fedeɾ/ | fader /ˈfadər/ | fæder /fæder/ | fader /faːdər/ | fater /ˈfatɛr/ | 𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌰 /ɑtːɑ/ | pappa /papːa/ |
| Figlia | dochter /ˈdoxteɾ/ | dohtar /ˈdoxtar/ | dohtor /ˈdoxtor/ | doughter /ˈdouxtər/ | tohter /ˈtoxtɛr/ | 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌰𐍂 /dɔːhtar/ | dotter /ˈdɔtːɛr/ |
| Io | ik /ik/ | ik /ik/ | ic /itʃ/ | I /iː/ | ih /ix/ | 𐌹𐌺 /ik/ | jag /jɑːɡ/ |
| Tu | thū /θuː/ | thu /θuː/ | þū /θuː/ | thou /θuː/ | du /duː/ | 𐌸𐌿 /θuː/ | du /dʉː/ |
| Noi | wī /wiː/ | wī /wiː/ | wē /weː/ | we /weː/ | wir /wir/ | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 /wiːs/ | vi /viː/ |
| Nome | nama /ˈnama/ | namo /ˈnamo/ | nama /ˈnɑma/ | name /ˈnaːmə/ | namo /ˈnamo/ | 𐌽𐌰𐌼𐍉 /nɑmoː/ | namn /namn/ |
| Persona | manniska /ˈmanːiska/ | man /man/ | mann /mɑnn/ | man /man/ | mennisco /ˈmenːisko/ | 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰 /ˈmanːa/ | människa /ˈmɛnːɪɧa/ |
| Testa | hāved /ˈhaːved/ | hōbid /ˈhoːβid/ | hēafod /ˈhæːɑvod/ | hed /hɛːd/ | houbit /ˈhoubit/ | 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌸 /ˈhɔːβiθ/ | huvud /ˈhʉːvɵd/ |
| Occhio | āge /aːɣe/ | ōga /ˈoːɡa/ | ēage /æːɑɣe/ | eye /iːə/ | ouga /ˈouɡa/ | 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉 /ɑuɣoː/ | öga /øːɡa/ |
| Orecchio | are /ˈaːrə/ | ōra /ˈoːra/ | ēare /æːɑre/ | ere /ɛːrə/ | ōra /ˈoːra/ | 𐌰𐌿𐍃𐍉 /ˈau̯soː/ | öra /øːra/ |
| Naso | nose /nozə/ | nasa /nasa/ | nosu /nozu/ | nose /nɔːzə/ | nasa /nasa/ | — | näsa /ˈnɛːsa/ |
| Bocca | mūth /muːθ/ | mūth /muːθ/ | mūþ /muːθ/ | mouth /muːθ/ | mund /munt/ | 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 /munθs/ | mun /mɵn/ |
| Dente | tōth /toːθ/ | tand /tand/ | tōþ /toːθ/ | tooth /toːθ/ | zand /tsand/ | 𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌿𐍃 /tunθus/ | tand /tand/ |
| Lingua | tunge /ˈtuŋɡe/ | tunga /ˈtuŋɡa/ | tunge /ˈtuŋɡe/ | tonge /ˈtɔŋɡə/ | zunga /ˈtsuŋɡa/ | 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 /tuŋɡoː/ | tunga /ˈtɵŋa/ |
| Mano | hond /hond/ | hand /hand/ | hand /hɑnd/ | hand /hand/ | hant /hant/ | 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃 /hɑndus/ | hand /hand/ |
| Piede | fōt /foːt/ | fōt /foːt/ | fōt /foːt/ | fot /foːt/ | fuoz /fuo̯s/ | 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐍃 /foːtus/ | fot /fuːt/ |
| Cuore | herte /heɾte/ | herta /ˈherta/ | heorte /ˈheorte/ | herte /hɛrtə/ | herza /ˈhertsa/ | 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍉 /hɛrtoː/ | hjärta /ˈjæʈːa/ |
| Osso | bēn /beːn/ | bēn /beːn/ | bān /bɑːn/ | bon /bɔːn/ | bein /bein/ | — /—/ | ben /beːn/ |
| Sangue | blōd /bloːd/ | blōd /bloːd/ | blōd /bloːd/ | blood /bloːd/ | bluot /bluot/ | 𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌸 /bloːθ/ | blod /bluːd/ |
| Cacca | skern /skern/ | — | tord /tord/ | tord /tord/ | mist /mist/ | 𐍃𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌰 /ˈsmarna/ | bajs /bajs/ |
| Amore | minne /minːe/ | minnea /ˈminːea/ | lufu /luvu/ | love /ˈluvə/ | minna /ˈminna/ | 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰 /friɑθwɑ/ | kärlek /ɕæːɭɛk/ |
| Albero | bām /baːm/ | bōm /boːm/ | trēow /treːow/ | tre /treː/ | boum /boum/ | 𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃 /bɑɣms/ | träd /trɛːd/ |
| Cane | hund /hund/ | hund /hund/ | hund /hund/ | hound /huːnd/ | hunt /hunt/ | 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃 /hunds/ | hund /hɵnd/ |
| Gatto | katte /katːe/ | katta /ˈkatːa/ | catt /kɑtt/ | catte /katːə/ | kazza /ˈkatsa/ | — /—/ | katt /katː/ |
| Pesce | fisk /fisk/ | fisk /fisk/ | fisc /fisk/ | fisch /fiʃ/ | fisc /fisk/ | 𐍆𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 /fisks/ | fisk /fɪsk/ |
| Uccello | fugel /ˈfuɡəl/ | fugal /ˈfuɡal/ | fugol /ˈfuɣol/ | brid /brid/ | fogal /ˈfoɡal/ | 𐍆𐌿𐌲𐌻𐍃 /fuɡls/ | fågel /ˈfoːɡɛl/ |
| Uovo | ei /ɛi/ | ei /ɛi/ | ǣġ /æːj/ | ey /ɛiː/ | ei /ɛi/ | — | ägg /ɛɡː/ |
| Cavallo | hors /hors/ | hros /hros/ | hors /hors/ | hors /hɔrs/ | ros /ros/ | — | häst /hɛst/ |
| Casa | hūs /huːs/ | hūs /huːs/ | hūs /huːs/ | hous /huːs/ | hūs /huːs/ | 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌽 /rɑzn/ | hus /hʉːs/ |
| Latte | melok /ˈmelok/ | miluk /ˈmiluk/ | meoluc /ˈmeoluk/ | milk /milk/ | miluh /ˈmilux/ | 𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌿𐌺𐍃 /miluks/ | mjölk /mjœlk/ |
| Miele | hunich /ˈhunix/ | huneg /ˈhunɛɣ/ | hunig /ˈhunij/ | hony /ˈhɔni/ | honag /ˈhonaɡ/ | 𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌸 /miliθ/ | honung /ˈhoːnɵŋ/ |
| Sale | salt /salt/ | salt /salt/ | sealt /sæɑlt/ | salt /salt/ | salz /salts/ | 𐍃𐌰𐌻𐍄 /salt/ | salt /salt/ |
| Vino | wīn /wiːn/ | wīn /wiːn/ | wīn /wiːn/ | wyn /wiːn/ | wīn /wiːn/ | 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 /wiːn/ | vin /viːn/ |
| Ferro | īsern /ˈiːsern/ | īsarn /ˈiːsarn/ | īsern /ˈiːsern/ | iren /ˈiːrən/ | īsarn /ˈiːsarn/ | 𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽 /iːsarn/ | järn /jæːɳ/ |
| Ruota | hwēl /hweːl/ | rath /raθ/ | hwēol /ˈhweːol/ | whel /hweːl/ | rad /rat/ | — | hjul /juːl/ |
| Libro | bōk /boːk/ | bōk /boːk/ | bōc /boːk/ | bok /boːk/ | buoh /buox/ | 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐍉𐍃 /ˈboːkoːs/ | bok /buːk/ |
| Mangiare | eta /etɑ/ | etan /ˈetan/ | etan /etɑn/ | eten /eːtən/ | ezzan /ˈetsan/ | 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 /mɑtjɑn/ | äta /ɛːta/ |
| Bere | drinka /dɾinkɑ/ | drinkan /ˈdrinkan/ | drincan /drinkɑn/ | drinken /ˈdrinkən/ | trinkan /ˈtrinkan/ | 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌽 /driŋkɑn/ | dricka /drɪkːa/ |
| Dormire | slēpa /ˈsleːpa/ | slāpan /ˈslɑːpan/ | slǣpan /slæːpɑn/ | slepen /ˈslɛːpən/ | slāfan /ˈslɑːfan/ | 𐍃𐌻𐌴𐍀𐌰𐌽 /sleːpan/ | sova /ˈsuːva/ |
| Uno | ān /aːn/ | ēn /eːn/ | ān /aːn/ | oon /oːn/ | ein /ein/ | 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 /ains/ | en /eːn/ |
| Due | twā /twaː/ | twēne /ˈtweːne/ | twā /twɑː/ | two /twɔː/ | zwei /tswei/ | 𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌹 /twai/ | två /tvoː/ |
| Tre | thrē /θreː/ | thrie /θriː/ | þrī /θriː/ | thre /θreː/ | drī /driː/ | 𐌸𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 /θriːs/ | tre /treː/ |
| Quattro | fiuwer /ˈfiuwer/ | fiuwar /ˈfiuwar/ | fēower /ˈfeːower/ | four /four/ | fior /fioːr/ | 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂 /fidwoːr/ | fyra /ˈfyːra/ |
| Cinque | fīf /fiːf/ | fīf /fiːf/ | fīf /fiːf/ | fyve /fiːvə/ | fimf /fimf/ | 𐍆𐌹𐌼𐍆 /fimf/ | fem /fɛmː/ |
| Cento | hundred /hundred/ | hund /hund/ | hund /hund/ | hundred /ˈhundrəd/ | hunt /hunt/ | 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳 /hund/ | hundra /ˈhɵndra/ |
| Ciao | heil /heil/ | heil /heil/ | wes hāl /wes haːl/ | hail /hɛːl/ | heil /heil/ | 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃 /hails/ | hej /hɛj/ |
| Grazie | thank /θank/ | thank /θaŋk/ | þanc /θɑnk/ | thank /θank/ | danc /daŋk/ | 𐌸𐌰𐌲𐌺𐍃 /θɑŋks/ | tack /takː/ |
| Buono | gōd /ɡoːd/ | gōd /ɡoːd/ | gōd /ɡoːd/ | good /ɡoːd/ | guot /ɡuot/ | 𐌲𐍉𐌸𐍃 /ɡoːθs/ | bra /brɑː/ |
| Nuovo | nī /niː/ | niuwi /ˈniuwi/ | nīwe /ˈniːwe/ | newe /ˈniuə/ | niuwi /ˈniuwi/ | 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌹𐍃 /ˈniujis/ | ny /nyː/ |
| Rosso | rād /raːd/ | rōd /roːd/ | rēad /ræːɑd/ | reed /reːd/ | rōt /roːt/ | 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 /rɔːθs/ | röd /røːd/ |
| Bianco | hwīt /hwiːt/ | hwīt /hwiːt/ | hwīt /ʍiːt/ | whit /hwiːt/ | wīz /wiːts/ | 𐍈𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 /ʍiːts/ | vit /viːt/ |
| Nero | swart /swart/ | swart /swart/ | blæc /blæk/ | blak /blak/ | swarz /swarts/ | 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃 /swarts/ | svart /svart/ |
| Verde | grēne /ˈɡreːne/ | grōni /ˈɡroːni/ | grēne /ɡreːne/ | grene /ɡreːnə/ | gruoni /ɡruoni/ | — | grön /ɡrøːn/ |
| Blu | wêden /ˈweːdən/ | blāo /blaːo/ | hǣwen /hæːwen/ | bleu /blɛu̯/ | blāo /blaːo/ | — | blå /bloː/ |
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