Sa'an Sàvǐ Sa San Juan Mixtepec
Mixteco di Mixtepec
oto-mangue (Mixtecan)
Il mixteco di Mixtepec (Sa'an Sàvǐ Sa San Juan Mixtepec, «la parlata del popolo della pioggia di San Juan Mixtepec») è una delle numerose varietà mixteche della Sierra Sur di Oaxaca, in Messico. La macrolingua mixteca (mix) comprende circa 50 varietà mutuamente non intelligibili distribuite nella regione della Mixteca, dove ogni «lingua» è in realtà un insieme di dialetti imparentati. Il mixtepec è nello specifico la varietà del municipio di San Juan Mixtepec, distinta dal prestigioso mixteco di Tlaxiaco, dal mixteco di Yucunany e da altri. Le varietà mixteche condividono tratti tonali otomangui (3-4 toni, a livello di sillaba), costruzioni classificatore-nome e un ricco lessico per il tessile mixteco (huipil, ikat) e l'iconografia precolombiana (codice Vindobonensis Mexicanus 1).
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in mixteco di Mixtepec
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: oto-mangue (Mixtecan)
| Significato | Mixteco di Mixtepec | Mixteco | Mixteco di Metlatónoc | Wichita | Tojolabal | Navajo | Lingua crow |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | chikuii /tʃīkʷíî/ | ndute /ndute/ | tiakuii /cakʷiː/ | kicʔa /kitsʔa/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | tó /tʰó/ | bilé /bilé/ |
| Fuoco | ñuʼu /ɲṹʔũ̀/ | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | heːcʔa /heːtsʔa/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | kǫʼ /kʰõ̀ʔ/ | bilée /biléː/ |
| Sole | nikanchii /nìkàndʒīǐ/ | nikandii /nikandiː/ | ñuʼù /ɲuʔù/ | saːkhirʔa /saːkʰiɾʔa/ | kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ | jóhonaaʼéí /tʃóhònàːʔéí/ | áxxaashe /áχːaːʃe/ |
| Luna | yoo /jóó/ | yoo /joː/ | yoo /joː/ | waːh /waːh/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ | tłʼéhonaaʼéí /tɬʼéhònɑ̀ːʔéí/ | bilítaache /bilítaːtʃe/ |
| Stella | chuun /tʃũ̀ũ̀/ | kimi /kimi/ | kimi /kimi/ | hiːkwirikʔa /hiːkʷiɾikʔa/ | kʼanal /kʼanal/ | sǫʼ /sõ̀ʔ/ | ihké /ihké/ |
| Notte | chikuaa /tʃikʷaː/ | chikuaa /tʃikʷaː/ | ñuu /ɲuː/ | ckhaːrʔa /tskʰaːɾʔa/ | aʼkwal /aʔkʷal/ | tłʼééʼ /tɬʼéːʔ/ | óotchia /óːttʃia/ |
| Pioggia | savi /sàví/ | savi /saβi/ | savi /saβi/ | — | — | níłtsą́ /níɬtsʰɑ̃́/ | xaleé /χaleé/ |
| Neve | yuva /jùvá/ | — | nieve /njeβe/ | hiraːʔa /hiɾaːʔa/ | sakal kʼinal /sakal kʼinal/ | yas /jɑ̀s/ | bíia /bíːa/ |
| Vento | tachi /tatʃi/ | tachi /tatʃi/ | tachi /tatʃi/ | niweʔeːrʔa /niweʔeːɾʔa/ | ikʼ /ʔikʼ/ | níyol /níjol/ | huché /hutʃé/ |
| Terra | ñuʼú /ɲùʔú/ | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | — | luʼum /luʔum/ | łeezh /ɬèːʒ/ | awé /awé/ |
| Pietra | yuú /jùú/ | yuu /juː/ | yuu /juu/ | — | ton /ton/ | tsé /tsʰé/ | biiá /biːá/ |
| Montagna | yukú /júkú/ | yuku /juku/ | iku /iku/ | — | wits /wits/ | dził /tsìɬ/ | awaxaawé /awaχaːwé/ |
| Madre | maa /māā/ | nana /nana/ | siʼi /siʔi/ | eciyeːh /etsijeːh/ | nan /nan/ | shimá /ʃimá/ | isahké /isahké/ |
| Padre | tata /táta/ | tatá /tatá/ | tatá /tatá/ | taːtah /taːtah/ | tat /tat/ | shizhéʼé /ʃiʒéʔé/ | iilápxe /iːlápχe/ |
| Io | ruʼu /ɾuʔu/ | ruʼu /ɾuʔu/ | yuʼu /juʔu/ | nacʔih /natsʔih/ | keʼn /keʔn/ | shí /ʃí/ | bíi /bíː/ |
| Tu | yóʼó /jóʔó/ | yoʼo /joʔo/ | yoʼo /joʔo/ | nasʔih /nasʔih/ | weʼn /weʔn/ | ni /nì/ | díi /díː/ |
| Noi | yóʼó / ruʼu /jóʔó / ɾuʔu/ | yóʼó / ruʼu /jóʔó / ɾuʔu/ | yóʼó / yuʼu /jóʔó / juʔu/ | — /—/ | keʼntik / keʼntikon /keʔntik / keʔntikon/ | nihí /nihí/ | balee /baleː/ |
| Nome | sivi /siβi/ | sɨvɨ /sɨβɨ/ | sivi /siβi/ | hissaːrʔa /hissaːɾʔa/ | bʼiʼil /ɓiʔil/ | ázhiʼ /ʔáʒìʔ/ | dáashe /dáːʃe/ |
| Persona | nivi /niβi/ | yivi /jiβi/ | yuvi /juβi/ | ihaas /ihaas/ | winkil /winkil/ | diné /tìné/ | bilaxpáake /bilaχpáːke/ |
| Testa | xini /ʃìní/ | xini /ʃini/ | xini /ʃini/ | — | ʼolom /ʔolom/ | atsiitsʼiin /ʔɑ̀tsʰìːtsʼìːn/ | aashúua /aːʃúːa/ |
| Occhio | ntuchinuu /ndùtʃínũ̀ṹ/ | nduchi /ndutʃi/ | nduchi /ndutʃi/ | kirikʔa /kiɾikʔa/ | satej /sateh/ | anááʼ /ʔanáːʔ/ | ishté /iʃté/ |
| Orecchio | soʼo /sòʔō/ | soho /soho/ | soʼo /soʔo/ | — | chikin /tʃikin/ | ajaaʼ /ʔɑ̀tʃɑ̀ːʔ/ | ahpé /ahpé/ |
| Naso | xichi /ʃìtʃì/ | yuxijni /juʃihni/ | sitin /sitin/ | — | niʼ /niʔ/ | áchį́į́h /ʔɑ́tʃʰĩ́ːh/ | apé /apé/ |
| Bocca | yuʼu /juʔú/ | yuʼu /juʔu/ | — | — | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | azééʼ /ʔɑ̀zéːʔ/ | íia /íːa/ |
| Dente | nuʼun /nũ̀ʔṹ/ | nuʼu /nuʔu/ | nuʼu /nuʔu/ | aːkʔa /aːkʔa/ | ex /eʃ/ | awooʼ /ʔɑ̀wòːʔ/ | iiá /iːá/ |
| Lingua | yaa /jàá/ | yaa /jaː/ | yaa /jaː/ | hacʼa /hatsʔa/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | atsooʼ /atsoːʔ/ | déeshe /déːʃe/ |
| Mano | ntaʼa /ndāʔá/ | ndaʼa /ndaʔa/ | ndaʼa /ndaʔa/ | iskʔa /iskʔa/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | álaʼ /ʔɑ́lɑ̀ʔ/ | isché /istʃé/ |
| Piede | tsaʼa /tsaʔá/ | — | xaʼa /ʃaʔa/ | asʔa /asʔa/ | ok /ok/ | akeeʼ /ʔàkʰèːʔ/ | iché /itʃé/ |
| Cuore | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | sikicʔa /sikitsʔa/ | altzil /altsil/ | ajéí /ʔɑ̀tʃéí/ | daasé /daːsé/ |
| Osso | kicheʼe /kītʃéʔé/ | yiki /jiki/ | iki /iki/ | kiːsʔa /kiːsʔa/ | bakel /ɓakel/ | tsʼin /tsʼìn/ | hulé /hulé/ |
| Sangue | nii /nìí/ | niñi /nĩɲĩ/ | nii /niː/ | waːckicʔa /waːtskitsʔa/ | chikʼel /tʃikʼel/ | dił /tìɬ/ | íile /íːle/ |
| Cacca | siʼvi /siʔβi/ | yiʼvi /jiʔβi/ | — | — | kʼoy /kʼoj/ | chąąʼ /tʃʰɑ̃̀ːʔ/ | peelé /peːlé/ |
| Amore | kúu ini /kúu ini/ | kundáʼú ini /kundáʔú ini/ | kunduu ini /kundúː iniʔ/ | — /—/ | skʼana /skʼana/ | ayóóʼánóshʼní /ʔɑ̀jóːʔɑ́nóʃʔní/ | íchisshe /ítʃiʃːe/ |
| Albero | yutu /jút̪ù/ | yutu /jutu/ | itun /itun/ | tiyaːhkw /tijaːhkʷ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | tsin /tsʰìn/ | balapáale /balapáːle/ |
| Cane | tina /tǐnà/ | tina /tina/ | tina /tina/ | kiciyeːh /kitsijeːh/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | łééchąąʼí /ɬéːtʃʰɑ̃̀ːʔí/ | bishké /biʃké/ |
| Gatto | vilu /vilu/ | vilú /βilú/ | vilu /βilu/ | — /—/ | mis /mis/ | mósí /mósí/ | iishpíiwishke /iːʃpíːwiʃke/ |
| Pesce | chaka /tʃàká/ | chaka /tʃaka/ | tyaka /caka/ | kaːcʔa /kaːtsʔa/ | chay /tʃaj/ | łóóʼ /ɬóːʔ/ | buá /buá/ |
| Uccello | saa /sàà/ | saa /saː/ | saa /saa/ | ichir /itsʰiɾ/ | yal chan /jal tʃan/ | tsídii /tsʰítìː/ | dakáake /dakáːke/ |
| Farfalla | tikuaa /tikʷaː/ | tikuva /tikuβa/ | — | — | pejpen /pehpen/ | kʼaalógii /kʼɑ̀ːlókìː/ | bilítaashisshe /bilítaːʃiʃːe/ |
| Uovo | ntivi /nt̪ìví/ | ndivi /ndiβi/ | ndivi /ndiβi/ | nikwiːkʔa /nikʷiːkʔa/ | nolobʼ /noloɓ/ | ayęęzhii /ʔɑ̀jẽ̀ːʒìː/ | — |
| Cavallo | kiti /kìt̪ǐ/ | kuayu /kʷaju/ | kuayu /kʷaju/ | — | kawu /kawu/ | łį́į́ʼ /ɬĩ́ːʔ/ | iichíile /iːtʃíːle/ |
| Casa | veʼe /veʔe/ | veʼe /βeʔe/ | veʼe /βeʔe/ | akhaːrʔa /akʰaːɾʔa/ | naj /nah/ | hooghan /hòːɣɑ̀n/ | ashé /aʃé/ |
| Latte | xikui /ʃikʷi/ | lechu /letʃu/ | chichin /tʃitʃin/ | — | lech /letʃ/ | abeʼ /ʔɑ̀pèʔ/ | áachiwile /áːtʃiwile/ |
| Miele | ntuxi /ndǔʃì/ | nduxi /nduʃi/ | ñuñu /ɲuɲu/ | — | chab /tʃaɓ/ | tsísʼná bitłʼizh /tsʰísʔnɑ́ pìtɬʼìʒ/ | — |
| Sale | iín /ĩĩ́/ | ñii /ɲiː/ | ñii /ɲiː/ | — | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | áshįįh /ʔáʃĩːh/ | awaxóose /awaχóːse/ |
| Mangiare | katsi /kàtsí/ | kasi /kasi/ | kuxi /kuʃi/ | kaʔac /kaʔats/ | waʼel /waʔel/ | yishą́ /jiʃã́/ | duushé /duːʃé/ |
| Bere | koʼo /kóʔo/ | koʼo /koʔo/ | koʼo /koʔo/ | kikʔa /kikʔa/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | yishdlą́ /jiʃtɬã́/ | isshíia /iʃːíːa/ |
| Dormire | kusu /kùsù/ | kixi /kiʃi/ | kixi /kiʃi/ | — | wayel /wajel/ | ałhosh /ʔɑ̀ɬhòʃ/ | hiláwe /hiláwe/ |
| Uno | in /ĩĩ/ | in /ĩ/ | iʼin /iʔin/ | chiʔass /tsʰiʔass/ | jun /hun/ | tʼááłáʼí /tʼɑ́ːɬɑ́ʔí/ | hawáte /hawáːte/ |
| Due | uvi /uvi/ | uvi /uβi/ | uu /uː/ | wic /wits/ | chabʼ /tʃaɓ/ | naaki /nɑ̀ːkʰì/ | dúupe /dúːpe/ |
| Tre | uni /ùnì/ | uni /uni/ | uni /ùnì/ | taw /taw/ | oxe /oʃe/ | tááʼ /tʰáːʔ/ | dáawiia /dáːwiːa/ |
| Quattro | kumi /kùmǐ/ | kumi /kumi/ | kuun /kũũ/ | taːkwic /taːkʷits/ | chane /tʃane/ | dį́įʼ /tĩ́ːʔ/ | shoopé /ʃoːpé/ |
| Cinque | uʼun /ũ̀ʔũ̀/ | uʼun /ũʔũ/ | uʼun /ũʔũ/ | — | joʼe /hoʔe/ | ashdlaʼ /ʔɑ̀ʃtɬɑ̀ʔ/ | chiaxxó /tʃiaχːó/ |
| Ciao | nasáa /nasáː/ | nasáa /nasáː/ | saʼa /saʔa/ | — /—/ | lekilukʼ /lekilukʼ/ | yáʼátʼééh /jɑ́ʔɑ́tʼéːh/ | kahée /kahéː/ |
| Grazie | tachuʼun /tatʃuʔun/ | tachuʼun /tatʃuʔũ/ | tatuʼun /tatuʔun/ | — /—/ | yuj /juh/ | ahéheeʼ /ʔɑ̀héhèːʔ/ | ahóoh /ahóːh/ |
| Buono | vaʼa /vàʔā/ | vaʼa /βaʔa/ | vaʼa /βaʔa/ | acs /atss/ | lek /lek/ | yáʼátʼééh /jɑ́ʔɑ́tʼéːh/ | ítche /íttʃe/ |
| Nuovo | tsaa /tsáà/ | jaa /haː/ | xaa /ʃaː/ | — | yajkʼachil /jahkʼatʃil/ | ániid /ʔɑ́nìːt/ | hilaaké /hilaːké/ |
| Rosso | kuaʼa /kwáʔà/ | kuaʼa /kʷaʔa/ | kwaʼa /kʷaʔa/ | kwhaːc /kʷʰaːts/ | chak /tʃak/ | łichííʼ /ɬìtʃʰíːʔ/ | hísshe /híʃːe/ |
| Bianco | kwitsi /kʷitsi/ | kuijin /kʷihĩ/ | — | — | sak /sak/ | łigai /ɬìkɑ̀ì/ | chía /tʃía/ |
| Nero | nchaʼi /ntʃaʔi/ | jnuu /hnuː/ | ndiaa /ndiaː/ | — | kʼikʼ /kʼikʼ/ | łizhin /ɬìʒìn/ | shipíte /ʃipíte/ |
| Verde | kuii /kwìjí/ | kuii /kʷiː/ | kuii /kʷiː/ | — | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | dootłʼizh /tòːtɬʼìʒ/ | shúa /ʃúa/ |
| Caffè | kafe /káfe/ | — | café /kaˈfe/ | — | kajpe /kahpe/ | gohwééh /kòhʷéːh/ | — |
| Zucchero | asukar /asúkàr/ | — | azúcar /aˈsukaɾ/ | — | sakal askal /sakal ʔaskal/ | áshįįh łikan /ʔáʃĩːh ɬikɑn/ | — |
| Arancia | tikuaa /tikwàá/ | — | naranja /naˈɾaŋxa/ | — | naranja /naranha/ | chʼil łitsxooí /tʃʼil ɬitsʰxoːí/ | — |
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