Tu'un Sávi
Mixteco di Metlatónoc
oto-mangue (Mixtecan)
Il mixteco di Metlatónoc (autonimo Tu'un Sávi, «la parola del popolo della pioggia») è una varietà mixteca della regione di La Montaña, nel Guerrero orientale, in Messico, con circa 25.000 parlanti. Appartiene al complesso linguistico mixteco della famiglia otomangue e condivide l'ascendenza con le decine di varietà mixteche mutuamente incomprensibili parlate in Oaxaca, Guerrero e Puebla. Come tutto il mixteco, è tonale (3 toni contrastivi) e presenta il caratteristico stile poetico mixteco a distici impiegato nell'oratoria rituale. I parlanti di Metlatónoc subiscono una forte pressione migratoria — molti sono braccianti agricoli stagionali nel Messico settentrionale e in California, USA, dove formano un'importante comunità indigena diasporica organizzata sotto il Frente Indígena de Organizaciones Binacionales (FIOB).
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in mixteco di Metlatónoc
chocolate
computadora
té
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: oto-mangue (Mixtecan)
| Significato | Mixteco di Metlatónoc | Mixteco | Mixteco di Mixtepec | Wichita | Zapoteco | Tojolabal | Nahuatl di Guerrero |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | tiakuii /cakʷiː/ | ndute /ndute/ | chikuii /tʃīkʷíî/ | kicʔa /kitsʔa/ | nisa /nisa/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | atl /atɬ/ |
| Fuoco | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼu /ɲṹʔũ̀/ | heːcʔa /heːtsʔa/ | gui /ɡi/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ |
| Sole | ñuʼù /ɲuʔù/ | nikandii /nikandiː/ | nikanchii /nìkàndʒīǐ/ | saːkhirʔa /saːkʰiɾʔa/ | gubidxa /ɡubidʒa/ | kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ | tonajli /tonahli/ |
| Luna | yoo /joː/ | yoo /joː/ | yoo /jóó/ | waːh /waːh/ | beeu /beːu/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ | metztli /metstɬi/ |
| Stella | kimi /kimi/ | kimi /kimi/ | chuun /tʃũ̀ũ̀/ | hiːkwirikʔa /hiːkʷiɾikʔa/ | béleguí /beleɡiʔ/ | kʼanal /kʼanal/ | sitlalin /siˈtɬalin/ |
| Notte | ñuu /ɲuː/ | chikuaa /tʃikʷaː/ | chikuaa /tʃikʷaː/ | ckhaːrʔa /tskʰaːɾʔa/ | gueela /ɡeːla/ | aʼkwal /aʔkʷal/ | yowalli /jowalːi/ |
| Pioggia | savi /saβi/ | savi /saβi/ | savi /sàví/ | — | nisaguié /nisaɡie/ | — | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ |
| Neve | nieve /njeβe/ | — | yuva /jùvá/ | hiraːʔa /hiɾaːʔa/ | nieve /njebe/ | sakal kʼinal /sakal kʼinal/ | nieve /ˈnjebe/ |
| Vento | tachi /tatʃi/ | tachi /tatʃi/ | tachi /tatʃi/ | niweʔeːrʔa /niweʔeːɾʔa/ | bi /bi/ | ikʼ /ʔikʼ/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ |
| Terra | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼú /ɲùʔú/ | — | yu /ju/ | luʼum /luʔum/ | tlajli /tɬahli/ |
| Pietra | yuu /juu/ | yuu /juː/ | yuú /jùú/ | — | guie /ɡie/ | ton /ton/ | tetl /teːtɬ/ |
| Montagna | iku /iku/ | yuku /juku/ | yukú /júkú/ | — | dani /dani/ | wits /wits/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ |
| Mare | tyañuʼu /caɲuʔu/ | nducha mar /ndutʃa mar/ | — | — | nisadoʼ /nisadoʔ/ | niwan paman jaʼ /niwan paman haʔ/ | mar /mar/ |
| Madre | siʼi /siʔi/ | nana /nana/ | maa /māā/ | eciyeːh /etsijeːh/ | jñaa /xɲaː/ | nan /nan/ | nanan /nanan/ |
| Padre | tatá /tatá/ | tatá /tatá/ | tata /táta/ | taːtah /taːtah/ | bixhoze /biʃoze/ | tat /tat/ | tatah /tatah/ |
| Figlia | seʼe ñaʼa /seʔe ɲaʔa/ | seʼe siʼi /seʔe siʔi/ | — | — | xiñi dxaapa /ʃiɲi dʒaːpa/ | ʼixukil /ʔiʃukil/ | nochpoch /ˈnotʃpotʃ/ |
| Io | yuʼu /juʔu/ | ruʼu /ɾuʔu/ | ruʼu /ɾuʔu/ | nacʔih /natsʔih/ | naa /naːʔ/ | keʼn /keʔn/ | nejua /neˈwa/ |
| Tu | yoʼo /joʔo/ | yoʼo /joʔo/ | yóʼó /jóʔó/ | nasʔih /nasʔih/ | liiʼ /liːʔ/ | weʼn /weʔn/ | tejua /teˈwa/ |
| Noi | yóʼó / yuʼu /jóʔó / juʔu/ | yóʼó / ruʼu /jóʔó / ɾuʔu/ | yóʼó / ruʼu /jóʔó / ɾuʔu/ | — /—/ | laanu / laadu /laːnu / laːdu/ | keʼntik / keʼntikon /keʔntik / keʔntikon/ | tejuamej /teˈwameh/ |
| Nome | sivi /siβi/ | sɨvɨ /sɨβɨ/ | sivi /siβi/ | hissaːrʔa /hissaːɾʔa/ | lá /la/ | bʼiʼil /ɓiʔil/ | tocaitl /toˈkaitɬ/ |
| Persona | yuvi /juβi/ | yivi /jiβi/ | nivi /niβi/ | ihaas /ihaas/ | binni /binːi/ | winkil /winkil/ | tlacatl /ˈtɬakatɬ/ |
| Testa | xini /ʃini/ | xini /ʃini/ | xini /ʃìní/ | — | ique /ike/ | ʼolom /ʔolom/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ |
| Occhio | nduchi /ndutʃi/ | nduchi /ndutʃi/ | ntuchinuu /ndùtʃínũ̀ṹ/ | kirikʔa /kiɾikʔa/ | lú /lú/ | satej /sateh/ | ixtololo /iʃtololo/ |
| Orecchio | soʼo /soʔo/ | soho /soho/ | soʼo /sòʔō/ | — | diaga /diaɡa/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | nacas /nakas/ |
| Naso | sitin /sitin/ | yuxijni /juʃihni/ | xichi /ʃìtʃì/ | — | xii /ʃiː/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ |
| Dente | nuʼu /nuʔu/ | nuʼu /nuʔu/ | nuʼun /nũ̀ʔṹ/ | aːkʔa /aːkʔa/ | laya /laja/ | ex /eʃ/ | tlan /tɬan/ |
| Lingua | yaa /jaː/ | yaa /jaː/ | yaa /jàá/ | hacʼa /hatsʔa/ | ludxi /ludʒi/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | nenepil /nenepil/ |
| Mano | ndaʼa /ndaʔa/ | ndaʼa /ndaʔa/ | ntaʼa /ndāʔá/ | iskʔa /iskʔa/ | na /naʔ/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ |
| Piede | xaʼa /ʃaʔa/ | — | tsaʼa /tsaʔá/ | asʔa /asʔa/ | ñee /ɲeː/ | ok /ok/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ |
| Cuore | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | sikicʔa /sikitsʔa/ | ladxi /ladʒi/ | altzil /altsil/ | yojlotl /johlotɬ/ |
| Osso | iki /iki/ | yiki /jiki/ | kicheʼe /kītʃéʔé/ | kiːsʔa /kiːsʔa/ | dxita /dʒita/ | bakel /ɓakel/ | omitl /omitɬ/ |
| Sangue | nii /niː/ | niñi /nĩɲĩ/ | nii /nìí/ | waːckicʔa /waːtskitsʔa/ | rini /rini/ | chikʼel /tʃikʼel/ | yestli /jestɬi/ |
| Amore | kunduu ini /kundúː iniʔ/ | kundáʼú ini /kundáʔú ini/ | kúu ini /kúu ini/ | — /—/ | ranaxhii /ɾanaʃiː/ | skʼana /skʼana/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ |
| Albero | itun /itun/ | yutu /jutu/ | yutu /jút̪ù/ | tiyaːhkw /tijaːhkʷ/ | yaga /jaɡa/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | kojtli /kohtɬi/ |
| Cane | tina /tina/ | tina /tina/ | tina /tǐnà/ | kiciyeːh /kitsijeːh/ | biʼcuʼ /biʔkuʔ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintɬi/ |
| Gatto | vilu /βilu/ | vilú /βilú/ | vilu /vilu/ | — /—/ | mistuu /mistuː/ | mis /mis/ | miston /miston/ |
| Pesce | tyaka /caka/ | chaka /tʃaka/ | chaka /tʃàká/ | kaːcʔa /kaːtsʔa/ | benda /benda/ | chay /tʃaj/ | michin /mitʃin/ |
| Uccello | saa /saa/ | saa /saː/ | saa /sàà/ | ichir /itsʰiɾ/ | maniʼ huiiniʼ /maniʔ wiːniʔ/ | yal chan /jal tʃan/ | tototl /ˈtototɬ/ |
| Uovo | ndivi /ndiβi/ | ndivi /ndiβi/ | ntivi /nt̪ìví/ | nikwiːkʔa /nikʷiːkʔa/ | dxita bere /dʒita bere/ | nolobʼ /noloɓ/ | totoltetl /totolˈtetɬ/ |
| Orso | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | — | — | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /ˈoso/ |
| Cavallo | kuayu /kʷaju/ | kuayu /kʷaju/ | kiti /kìt̪ǐ/ | — | maniʼ /maniʔ/ | kawu /kawu/ | caballo /kaˈbajo/ |
| Casa | veʼe /βeʔe/ | veʼe /βeʔe/ | veʼe /veʔe/ | akhaːrʔa /akʰaːɾʔa/ | lidxi /lidʒi/ | naj /nah/ | kajli /kahli/ |
| Latte | chichin /tʃitʃin/ | lechu /letʃu/ | xikui /ʃikʷi/ | — | leche /letʃe/ | lech /letʃ/ | leche /ˈletʃe/ |
| Miele | ñuñu /ɲuɲu/ | nduxi /nduʃi/ | ntuxi /ndǔʃì/ | — | dxiña yaga /dʒiɲa jaɡa/ | chab /tʃaɓ/ | necutli /neˈkutɬi/ |
| Sale | ñii /ɲiː/ | ñii /ɲiː/ | iín /ĩĩ́/ | — | zidi /zidi/ | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | istatl /istatɬ/ |
| Vino | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /βino/ | — | — | vinu /binu/ | yaalel tzʼusub /jaːlel tsʼusub/ | vino /ˈbino/ |
| Cioccolato | chocolate | — | — | — | dxuladi /dʒuladi/ | tsʼanubʼal kakaw /tsʼanuɓal kakaw/ | chikolatl /tʃikoˈlatɬ/ |
| Ferro | kaa /kaː/ | kaa /kaː/ | — | — | guiibaʼ /ɡiːbaʔ/ | takʼin /takʼin/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ |
| Ruota | llanta /janta/ | — | — | — | rueeda /ɾweːda/ | rweda /rweda/ | — |
| Libro | tutu /tutu/ | tutu /tutu/ | — | — | guiʼchi /ɡiʔtʃi/ | juʼun /huʔun/ | libro /ˈlibro/ |
| Mangiare | kuxi /kuʃi/ | kasi /kasi/ | katsi /kàtsí/ | kaʔac /kaʔats/ | ro /ɾo/ | waʼel /waʔel/ | tlakua /tɬakʷa/ |
| Bere | koʼo /koʔo/ | koʼo /koʔo/ | koʼo /kóʔo/ | kikʔa /kikʔa/ | ge /ɡe/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | koni /koni/ |
| Dormire | kixi /kiʃi/ | kixi /kiʃi/ | kusu /kùsù/ | — | rasi /ɾasi/ | wayel /wajel/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ |
| Uno | iʼin /iʔin/ | in /ĩ/ | in /ĩĩ/ | chiʔass /tsʰiʔass/ | tobi /tobi/ | jun /hun/ | ce /se/ |
| Due | uu /uː/ | uvi /uβi/ | uvi /uvi/ | wic /wits/ | chupa /tʃupa/ | chabʼ /tʃaɓ/ | ome /ˈome/ |
| Tre | uni /ùnì/ | uni /uni/ | uni /ùnì/ | taw /taw/ | chonna /tʃonːa/ | oxe /oʃe/ | yeyi /jeji/ |
| Quattro | kuun /kũũ/ | kumi /kumi/ | kumi /kùmǐ/ | taːkwic /taːkʷits/ | tapa /tapa/ | chane /tʃane/ | nahui /nawi/ |
| Cinque | uʼun /ũʔũ/ | uʼun /ũʔũ/ | uʼun /ũ̀ʔũ̀/ | — | gaayuʼ /ɡaːjuʔ/ | joʼe /hoʔe/ | makuijli /makʷihli/ |
| Cento | ciento /sjento/ | iin cientu /ĩː sjentu/ | — | — | gayuaa /ɡajuaː/ | joʼ winkeʼ /hoʔ winkeʔ/ | ciento /ˈsjento/ |
| Ciao | saʼa /saʔa/ | nasáa /nasáː/ | nasáa /nasáː/ | — /—/ | padixhe /padiʃe/ | lekilukʼ /lekilukʼ/ | panolti /panolti/ |
| Grazie | tatuʼun /tatuʔun/ | tachuʼun /tatʃuʔũ/ | tachuʼun /tatʃuʔun/ | — /—/ | xtiozenu /ʃtjozenu/ | yuj /juh/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ |
| Buono | vaʼa /βaʔa/ | vaʼa /βaʔa/ | vaʼa /vàʔā/ | acs /atss/ | nazaaca /nazaːka/ | lek /lek/ | kuajli /kʷahli/ |
| Nuovo | xaa /ʃaː/ | jaa /haː/ | tsaa /tsáà/ | — | nacubi /nakubi/ | yajkʼachil /jahkʼatʃil/ | yencuic /ˈjenkʷik/ |
| Rosso | kwaʼa /kʷaʔa/ | kuaʼa /kʷaʔa/ | kuaʼa /kwáʔà/ | kwhaːc /kʷʰaːts/ | xiñaʼ /ʃiɲaʔ/ | chak /tʃak/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ |
| Nero | ndiaa /ndiaː/ | jnuu /hnuː/ | nchaʼi /ntʃaʔi/ | — | nayaaseʼ /najaːseʔ/ | kʼikʼ /kʼikʼ/ | capotztic /kaˈpotstik/ |
| Verde | kuii /kʷiː/ | kuii /kʷiː/ | kuii /kwìjí/ | — | naberde /naberde/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | xoxojki /ʃoˈʃohki/ |
| Blu | kuii /kʷiː/ | — | — | — | azul /asul/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | azul /aˈsul/ |
| Computer | computadora | — | — | — | computadora /komputadoɾa/ | computadora /komputadora/ | computadora /komputaˈdora/ |
| Tè | té | — | — | — | — | té /te/ | té /te/ |
| Caffè | café /kaˈfe/ | — | kafe /káfe/ | — | — | kajpe /kahpe/ | café /kaˈfe/ |
| Zucchero | azúcar /aˈsukaɾ/ | — | asukar /asúkàr/ | — | dxiña /dʒiɲa/ | sakal askal /sakal ʔaskal/ | azúcar /aˈsukar/ |
| Arancia | naranja /naˈɾaŋxa/ | — | tikuaa /tikwàá/ | — | naranja /naɾanxa/ | naranja /naranha/ | naranja /naˈranxa/ |
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