Tu'un Sávi
Mixteco
oto-mangue (Mixtecan)
Il mixteco (tu'un savi, "lingua della pioggia") è un complesso di decine di varietà spesso reciprocamente non intelligibili, parlato nella regione della Mixteca nel sud del Messico. Tutte sono lingue tonali con fino a quattro toni fonemici.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in mixteco
Fonti
- cover row drawn from several varieties; the largest share matches Santiago Yosondúa Mixtec (Bible, bible.com 741: sɨvɨ, yuxijni, jnuu, kuijin, ruʼu, nducha mar) with Western Alta / Guerrero forms (ndute, kimi, soho, nikandii). Checked against: Yosondúa Bible (bible.com 741, mpm), San Miguel el Grande NT (bible.com 858, mig), Silacayoapan NT (bible.com 254, mks), ASJP Mixtec doculects (Mixteco de Yosondúa, Atatláhuca, Silacayoapan, Northern Tlaxiaco and ~70 others)
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: oto-mangue (Mixtecan)
| Significato | Mixteco | Mixteco di Metlatónoc | Mixteco di Mixtepec | Tojolabal | Wichita | Zapoteco | Futunano orientale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | ndute /ndute/ | tiakuii /cakʷiː/ | chikuii /tʃīkʷíî/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | kicʔa /kitsʔa/ | nisa /nisa/ | vai /vai/ |
| Fuoco | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼu /ɲṹʔũ̀/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | heːcʔa /heːtsʔa/ | gui /ɡi/ | afi /afi/ |
| Sole | nikandii /nikandiː/ | ñuʼù /ɲuʔù/ | nikanchii /nìkàndʒīǐ/ | kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ | saːkhirʔa /saːkʰiɾʔa/ | gubidxa /ɡubidʒa/ | laʻā /laʔaː/ |
| Luna | yoo /joː/ | yoo /joː/ | yoo /jóó/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ | waːh /waːh/ | beeu /beːu/ | māsina /maːsina/ |
| Stella | kimi /kimi/ | kimi /kimi/ | chuun /tʃũ̀ũ̀/ | kʼanal /kʼanal/ | hiːkwirikʔa /hiːkʷiɾikʔa/ | béleguí /beleɡiʔ/ | fetuʻu /fetuʔu/ |
| Notte | chikuaa /tʃikʷaː/ | ñuu /ɲuː/ | chikuaa /tʃikʷaː/ | aʼkwal /aʔkʷal/ | ckhaːrʔa /tskʰaːɾʔa/ | gueela /ɡeːla/ | pō /poː/ |
| Pioggia | savi /saβi/ | savi /saβi/ | savi /sàví/ | — | — | nisaguié /nisaɡie/ | ʻua /ʔua/ |
| Vento | tachi /tatʃi/ | tachi /tatʃi/ | tachi /tatʃi/ | ikʼ /ʔikʼ/ | niweʔeːrʔa /niweʔeːɾʔa/ | bi /bi/ | matagi /mataŋi/ |
| Terra | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼu /ɲuʔu/ | ñuʼú /ɲùʔú/ | luʼum /luʔum/ | — | yu /ju/ | kele /kele/ |
| Pietra | yuu /juː/ | yuu /juu/ | yuú /jùú/ | ton /ton/ | — | guie /ɡie/ | maka /maka/ |
| Montagna | yuku /juku/ | iku /iku/ | yukú /júkú/ | wits /wits/ | — | dani /dani/ | maʻuga /maʔuŋa/ |
| Mare | nducha mar /ndutʃa mar/ | tyañuʼu /caɲuʔu/ | — | niwan paman jaʼ /niwan paman haʔ/ | — | nisadoʼ /nisadoʔ/ | moana /moana/ |
| Madre | nana /nana/ | siʼi /siʔi/ | maa /māā/ | nan /nan/ | eciyeːh /etsijeːh/ | jñaa /xɲaː/ | tinana /tinana/ |
| Padre | tatá /tatá/ | tatá /tatá/ | tata /táta/ | tat /tat/ | taːtah /taːtah/ | bixhoze /biʃoze/ | tamana /tamana/ |
| Figlia | seʼe siʼi /seʔe siʔi/ | seʼe ñaʼa /seʔe ɲaʔa/ | — | ʼixukil /ʔiʃukil/ | — | xiñi dxaapa /ʃiɲi dʒaːpa/ | taʻine /taʔine/ |
| Io | ruʼu /ɾuʔu/ | yuʼu /juʔu/ | ruʼu /ɾuʔu/ | keʼn /keʔn/ | nacʔih /natsʔih/ | naa /naːʔ/ | au /au/ |
| Tu | yoʼo /joʔo/ | yoʼo /joʔo/ | yóʼó /jóʔó/ | weʼn /weʔn/ | nasʔih /nasʔih/ | liiʼ /liːʔ/ | koe /koe/ |
| Noi | yóʼó / ruʼu /jóʔó / ɾuʔu/ | yóʼó / yuʼu /jóʔó / juʔu/ | yóʼó / ruʼu /jóʔó / ɾuʔu/ | keʼntik / keʼntikon /keʔntik / keʔntikon/ | — /—/ | laanu / laadu /laːnu / laːdu/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ |
| Nome | sɨvɨ /sɨβɨ/ | sivi /siβi/ | sivi /siβi/ | bʼiʼil /ɓiʔil/ | hissaːrʔa /hissaːɾʔa/ | lá /la/ | igoa /iŋoa/ |
| Persona | yivi /jiβi/ | yuvi /juβi/ | nivi /niβi/ | winkil /winkil/ | ihaas /ihaas/ | binni /binːi/ | tagata /taŋata/ |
| Testa | xini /ʃini/ | xini /ʃini/ | xini /ʃìní/ | ʼolom /ʔolom/ | — | ique /ike/ | ʻulu /ʔulu/ |
| Occhio | nduchi /ndutʃi/ | nduchi /ndutʃi/ | ntuchinuu /ndùtʃínũ̀ṹ/ | satej /sateh/ | kirikʔa /kiɾikʔa/ | lú /lú/ | mata /mata/ |
| Orecchio | soho /soho/ | soʼo /soʔo/ | soʼo /sòʔō/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | — | diaga /diaɡa/ | taliga /taliŋa/ |
| Naso | yuxijni /juʃihni/ | sitin /sitin/ | xichi /ʃìtʃì/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | — | xii /ʃiː/ | isu /isu/ |
| Bocca | yuʼu /juʔu/ | — | yuʼu /juʔú/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | — | ruaa /ɾuaː/ | gutu /ŋutu/ |
| Dente | nuʼu /nuʔu/ | nuʼu /nuʔu/ | nuʼun /nũ̀ʔṹ/ | ex /eʃ/ | aːkʔa /aːkʔa/ | laya /laja/ | nifo /nifo/ |
| Lingua | yaa /jaː/ | yaa /jaː/ | yaa /jàá/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | hacʼa /hatsʔa/ | ludxi /ludʒi/ | ʻalelo /ʔalelo/ |
| Mano | ndaʼa /ndaʔa/ | ndaʼa /ndaʔa/ | ntaʼa /ndāʔá/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | iskʔa /iskʔa/ | na /naʔ/ | lima /lima/ |
| Cuore | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | altzil /altsil/ | sikicʔa /sikitsʔa/ | ladxi /ladʒi/ | mafu /mafu/ |
| Osso | yiki /jiki/ | iki /iki/ | kicheʼe /kītʃéʔé/ | bakel /ɓakel/ | kiːsʔa /kiːsʔa/ | dxita /dʒita/ | ivi /ivi/ |
| Sangue | niñi /nĩɲĩ/ | nii /niː/ | nii /nìí/ | chikʼel /tʃikʼel/ | waːckicʔa /waːtskitsʔa/ | rini /rini/ | toto /toto/ |
| Cacca | yiʼvi /jiʔβi/ | — | siʼvi /siʔβi/ | kʼoy /kʼoj/ | — | guiʼ /ɡiʔ/ | taʻe /taʔe/ |
| Amore | kundáʼú ini /kundáʔú ini/ | kunduu ini /kundúː iniʔ/ | kúu ini /kúu ini/ | skʼana /skʼana/ | — /—/ | ranaxhii /ɾanaʃiː/ | alofa /alofa/ |
| Albero | yutu /jutu/ | itun /itun/ | yutu /jút̪ù/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | tiyaːhkw /tijaːhkʷ/ | yaga /jaɡa/ | lāʻakau /laːʔakau/ |
| Cane | tina /tina/ | tina /tina/ | tina /tǐnà/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | kiciyeːh /kitsijeːh/ | biʼcuʼ /biʔkuʔ/ | kulī /kuliː/ |
| Gatto | vilú /βilú/ | vilu /βilu/ | vilu /vilu/ | mis /mis/ | — /—/ | mistuu /mistuː/ | pūsi /puːsi/ |
| Pesce | chaka /tʃaka/ | tyaka /caka/ | chaka /tʃàká/ | chay /tʃaj/ | kaːcʔa /kaːtsʔa/ | benda /benda/ | ika /ika/ |
| Uccello | saa /saː/ | saa /saa/ | saa /sàà/ | yal chan /jal tʃan/ | ichir /itsʰiɾ/ | maniʼ huiiniʼ /maniʔ wiːniʔ/ | manu /manu/ |
| Farfalla | tikuva /tikuβa/ | — | tikuaa /tikʷaː/ | pejpen /pehpen/ | — | biguidiʼ /biɡidiʔ/ | pepe /pepe/ |
| Uovo | ndivi /ndiβi/ | ndivi /ndiβi/ | ntivi /nt̪ìví/ | nolobʼ /noloɓ/ | nikwiːkʔa /nikʷiːkʔa/ | dxita bere /dʒita bere/ | fua /fua/ |
| Orso | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | — | oso /oso/ | — | oso /oso/ | uluso /uluso/ |
| Cavallo | kuayu /kʷaju/ | kuayu /kʷaju/ | kiti /kìt̪ǐ/ | kawu /kawu/ | — | maniʼ /maniʔ/ | ōsi /oːsi/ |
| Casa | veʼe /βeʔe/ | veʼe /βeʔe/ | veʼe /veʔe/ | naj /nah/ | akhaːrʔa /akʰaːɾʔa/ | lidxi /lidʒi/ | fale /fale/ |
| Latte | lechu /letʃu/ | chichin /tʃitʃin/ | xikui /ʃikʷi/ | lech /letʃ/ | — | leche /letʃe/ | — |
| Miele | nduxi /nduʃi/ | ñuñu /ɲuɲu/ | ntuxi /ndǔʃì/ | chab /tʃaɓ/ | — | dxiña yaga /dʒiɲa jaɡa/ | — |
| Sale | ñii /ɲiː/ | ñii /ɲiː/ | iín /ĩĩ́/ | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | — | zidi /zidi/ | paʻatai /paʔatai/ |
| Vino | vino /βino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | — | yaalel tzʼusub /jaːlel tsʼusub/ | — | vinu /binu/ | vino /vino/ |
| Ferro | kaa /kaː/ | kaa /kaː/ | — | takʼin /takʼin/ | — | guiibaʼ /ɡiːbaʔ/ | ukamea /ukamea/ |
| Libro | tutu /tutu/ | tutu /tutu/ | — | juʼun /huʔun/ | — | guiʼchi /ɡiʔtʃi/ | tosi /tosi/ |
| Mangiare | kasi /kasi/ | kuxi /kuʃi/ | katsi /kàtsí/ | waʼel /waʔel/ | kaʔac /kaʔats/ | ro /ɾo/ | kai /kai/ |
| Bere | koʼo /koʔo/ | koʼo /koʔo/ | koʼo /kóʔo/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | kikʔa /kikʔa/ | ge /ɡe/ | inu /inu/ |
| Dormire | kixi /kiʃi/ | kixi /kiʃi/ | kusu /kùsù/ | wayel /wajel/ | — | rasi /ɾasi/ | moe /moe/ |
| Uno | in /ĩ/ | iʼin /iʔin/ | in /ĩĩ/ | jun /hun/ | chiʔass /tsʰiʔass/ | tobi /tobi/ | tasi /tasi/ |
| Due | uvi /uβi/ | uu /uː/ | uvi /uvi/ | chabʼ /tʃaɓ/ | wic /wits/ | chupa /tʃupa/ | lua /lua/ |
| Tre | uni /uni/ | uni /ùnì/ | uni /ùnì/ | oxe /oʃe/ | taw /taw/ | chonna /tʃonːa/ | tolu /tolu/ |
| Quattro | kumi /kumi/ | kuun /kũũ/ | kumi /kùmǐ/ | chane /tʃane/ | taːkwic /taːkʷits/ | tapa /tapa/ | fā /faː/ |
| Cinque | uʼun /ũʔũ/ | uʼun /ũʔũ/ | uʼun /ũ̀ʔũ̀/ | joʼe /hoʔe/ | — | gaayuʼ /ɡaːjuʔ/ | lima /lima/ |
| Cento | iin cientu /ĩː sjentu/ | ciento /sjento/ | — | joʼ winkeʼ /hoʔ winkeʔ/ | — | gayuaa /ɡajuaː/ | kaulelau /kaulelau/ |
| Ciao | nasáa /nasáː/ | saʼa /saʔa/ | nasáa /nasáː/ | lekilukʼ /lekilukʼ/ | — /—/ | padixhe /padiʃe/ | mālō /maːloː/ |
| Grazie | tachuʼun /tatʃuʔũ/ | tatuʼun /tatuʔun/ | tachuʼun /tatʃuʔun/ | yuj /juh/ | — /—/ | xtiozenu /ʃtjozenu/ | mālō /maːloː/ |
| Buono | vaʼa /βaʔa/ | vaʼa /βaʔa/ | vaʼa /vàʔā/ | lek /lek/ | acs /atss/ | nazaaca /nazaːka/ | mālie /maːlie/ |
| Nuovo | jaa /haː/ | xaa /ʃaː/ | tsaa /tsáà/ | yajkʼachil /jahkʼatʃil/ | — | nacubi /nakubi/ | foʻou /foʔou/ |
| Rosso | kuaʼa /kʷaʔa/ | kwaʼa /kʷaʔa/ | kuaʼa /kwáʔà/ | chak /tʃak/ | kwhaːc /kʷʰaːts/ | xiñaʼ /ʃiɲaʔ/ | kula /kula/ |
| Bianco | kuijin /kʷihĩ/ | — | kwitsi /kʷitsi/ | sak /sak/ | — | quichi /kitʃi/ | tea /tea/ |
| Nero | jnuu /hnuː/ | ndiaa /ndiaː/ | nchaʼi /ntʃaʔi/ | kʼikʼ /kʼikʼ/ | — | nayaaseʼ /najaːseʔ/ | ʻuli /ʔuli/ |
| Verde | kuii /kʷiː/ | kuii /kʷiː/ | kuii /kwìjí/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | — | naberde /naberde/ | moto /moto/ |
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