Pintupi-Luritja
pama-nyunga
Il pintupi-luritja è una lingua pama-nyungan del Deserto Occidentale, parlata da circa 1.000 persone nelle comunità del deserto dell'Australia centrale di Papunya, Mt Liebig e Kintore Walungurru, nel Territorio del Nord. I pintupi sono conosciuti a livello internazionale soprattutto come la patria del movimento degli artisti di Papunya Tula, nato nel 1971 quando alcuni anziani artisti pintupi a Papunya furono i pionieri del moderno stile di pittura a punti del Deserto Occidentale, oggi riconosciuto a livello mondiale come arte contemporanea aborigena. La lingua è la varietà più orientale del gruppo del Deserto Occidentale, mutuamente intelligibile con il pitjantjatjara (pjt) ma con tratti distintivi della lingua luritja che riflettono un lungo contatto con l'arrernte. I Pintupi Nine, l'ultima famiglia pintupi "non contattata", emersero dal Deserto di Gibson a Kiwirrkurra nel 1984 — l'ultimo caso documentato di aborigeni australiani che stabilirono un primo contatto con gli europei in epoca moderna.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in Pintupi-Luritja
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: pama-nyunga
| Significato | Pintupi-Luritja | Pitjantjatjara | Martu wangka | Warlpiri | Warnman | Nhanda | Walmajarri |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | kapi /kapi/ | kapi /kapi/ | kapi /kapi/ | ngapa /ŋapa/ | kalyu /kaʎu/ | kapi /kapi/ | ngapa /ˈŋapa/ |
| Fuoco | waru /waɻu/ | waru /waɻu/ | waru /waɻu/ | warlu /waɭu/ | nguja /ŋuɟa/ | warla /waɻla/ | warlu /ˈwaɭu/ |
| Sole | tjintu /cintu/ | tjintu /cintu/ | jirntu /ciɳʈu/ | wanta /wanta/ | karrpu /karpu/ | wurʼa /wuɾʔa/ | purangu /puɻaŋu/ |
| Luna | pira /piɻa/ | pira /piɻa/ | panyalpa /paɲalpa/ | kirntangi /kiɳʈaŋi/ | panyalpa /paɲalpa/ | kanyala /kaɲala/ | yakarn /jakaɳ/ |
| Stella | kililpi /kiˈlilpi/ | kililpil /kiˈlilpil/ | kurtalya /kuʈaʎa/ | yanjilypiri /jaɲɟiʎpiɻi/ | kurtalya /kuʈaʎa/ | indiya /indija/ | wirl /wiɭ/ |
| Notte | munga /muŋa/ | munga /muŋa/ | munga /muŋa/ | munga /muŋa/ | payin /pajin/ | maru /maru/ | pukanya /pukaɲa/ |
| Vento | walpa /walpa/ | walpa /walpa/ | walypa /waʎpa/ | warlpa /waɭpa/ | karlalarra /kaɭalara/ | uudinu /uudinu/ | walypa /ˈwaʎpa/ |
| Terra | manta /manta/ | manta /manta/ | manta /manta/ | walya /walja/ | langa /laŋa/ | — | nguwa /ˈŋuwa/ |
| Pietra | puḻi /puɭi/ | apu /apu/ | yapu /japu/ | pirli /piɭi/ | purli /puɭi/ | — | pamarr /ˈpamar/ |
| Montagna | puḻi katu /puɭi katu/ | puḻi /ˈpuɭi/ | — | pamarrpa /pamaɾpa/ | — | — | — |
| Mare | yuru /juɻu/ | uṟu puḻka /uru puɭka/ | kujungurru /kucuŋuru/ | mangkuru /maŋkuɻu/ | — | — | jawurlata /ˈɟawuɭata/ |
| Madre | ngunytju /ŋuɲcu/ | ngunytju /ŋuɲcu/ | yipi /jipi/ | ngati /ŋati/ | pipirnpa /pipiɳpa/ | ngamaji /ŋamadʒi/ | ngamaji /ŋaˈmaɟi/ |
| Padre | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | kirda /kiɖa/ | mamarnpa /mamaɳpa/ | kuthurra /kutʰuɻa/ | ngarpu /ŋaɻpu/ |
| Figlia | yuṉṯalpa /juɳʈalpa/ | uṉṯal /uɳʈal/ | yurntalpa /juɳʈalpa/ | yurntalpa /juɳʈalpa/ | yurntalpa /juɳʈalpa/ | yurdu /juɖu/ | kurntal /ˈkuɳʈal/ |
| Io | ngayulu /ŋajulu/ | ngayulu /ŋajulu/ | ngayu /ŋaju/ | ngaju /ŋaɟu/ | parra /para/ | ngayi /ŋaji/ | ngaju /ŋaɟu/ |
| Tu | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | parrangku /paraŋku/ | nyini /ɲini/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ |
| Noi | nganana /ŋanaɳa/ | nganana /ŋanaɳa/ | — /—/ | ngalipa / nganimpa /ŋalipa / ŋanimpa/ | parrawarta /parawaʈa/ | ngayinu /ŋajinu/ | ngalimpa / nganimpa /ŋalimpa / ŋanimpa/ |
| Nome | yini /jini/ | ini /ini/ | yini /jini/ | yirdi /jiɖi/ | lirrka /lirka/ | yini /jini/ | yini /jini/ |
| Persona | yanangu /janaŋu/ | aṉangu /aɳaŋu/ | martu /maʈu/ | yapa /japa/ | kirta /kiʈa/ | arnmanu /aɳmanu/ | piyirn /ˈpijiɳ/ |
| Testa | kata /kata/ | kata /kata/ | kata /kata/ | jurru /ɟuru/ | kata /kata/ | — | jurlu /ˈɟuɭu/ |
| Occhio | kuru /kuɻu/ | kuru /kuɻu/ | kuru /kuɻu/ | milpa /milpa/ | panaya /panaja/ | kuru /kuɻu/ | mil /mil/ |
| Orecchio | pina /pina/ | pina /pɪnɐ/ | pina /pina/ | langa /laŋa/ | kurlka /kuɭka/ | wurtka /wuʈka/ | pina /ˈpina/ |
| Naso | mulya /muʎa/ | mulya /ˈmulja/ | mulya /muʎa/ | mulyu /muʎu/ | mulya /muʎa/ | muttha /mut̪a/ | punul /ˈpunul/ |
| Bocca | tjaa /caː/ | tjaa /caː/ | jaa /caː/ | lirra /liɾa/ | jawa /ɟawa/ | ngarnmanu /ŋaɳmanu/ | — |
| Dente | katiti /katiti/ | katiti /katiti/ | yirra /jira/ | kartirdi /kaʈiɖi/ | yirra /jira/ | idaji /idadʒi/ | lirra /lira/ |
| Lingua | tjalinypa /caliɲpa/ | tjalinypa /caliɲpa/ | jarlinypa /caɭiɲpa/ | jalanypa /ɟalaɲpa/ | nyanyjarla /ɲaɲɟaɭa/ | thalanyu /t̪alaɲu/ | jalany /ɟalaɲ/ |
| Mano | mara /maɻa/ | mara /maɻa/ | mara /maɻa/ | rdaka /ɖaka/ | mapirrpa /mapirpa/ | mara /maɻa/ | kurrapa /kurapa/ |
| Piede | tjina /cina/ | tjina /cɪnɐ/ | jina /cina/ | wirliya /wiɭija/ | jina /ɟina/ | yina /jina/ | jina /ˈɟina/ |
| Cuore | kututu /kututu/ | kurunpa /kuɻunpa/ | kurturtu /kuʈuʈu/ | rduku-rduku /ɖukuɖuku/ | kurturtu /kuʈuʈu/ | pulpara /pulpaɻa/ | turlpu /ˈtuɭpu/ |
| Osso | tarrka /taɾka/ | tarka /taɻka/ | tarrka /tarka/ | larrpa /laɾpa/ | yika /jika/ | mambu /mambu/ | kiji /kiɟi/ |
| Sangue | milkali /milkali/ | milkali /milkali/ | miji /miɟi/ | yalyu /jaʎu/ | miji /miɟi/ | nguba /ŋuba/ | nungu /nuŋu/ |
| Cacca | kuna /kuna/ | kuna /kuna/ | — | kuna /kuna/ | murla /muɭa/ | wuna /wuna/ | kura /ˈkuɻa/ |
| Amore | mukulya /mukuʎa/ | mukulya /mukuʎa/ | mukulyu /mukuʎu/ | yulkami /julkami/ | — /—/ | kanyji /kaɲdʒi/ | — /—/ |
| Albero | punu /punu/ | punu /punu/ | warta /waʈa/ | watiya /watija/ | mungka /muŋka/ | parntany /paɳʈaɲ/ | mana /mana/ |
| Cane | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | jarntu /ɟaɳʈu/ | jarntu /ɟaɳʈu/ | kuwiyarl /kuwijaɻl/ | kunyarr /kuˈɲar/ |
| Gatto | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | — /—/ | mungalpa /muŋalpa/ | pujikatu /puɟikatu/ | paka /paka/ | miyawu /mijawu/ |
| Pesce | piitji /piːʈi/ | antipina /antipina/ | yurta /juʈa/ | yawu /jawu/ | kapi /kapi/ | wiitya /wiːca/ | kapi /kapi/ |
| Uccello | tjuḻpu /cuɭpu/ | tjulpu /ˈcuɭpu/ | pilurnpa /piluɳpa/ | jurlpu /ˈɟuɭpu/ | yintajarra /jintaɟara/ | — | jiriki /ˈɟiɻiki/ |
| Farfalla | pintapinta /pintapinta/ | pinta-pinta /pintapinta/ | — | pinta-pinta /pintapinta/ | wirripintapinta /wiripintapinta/ | ngaabeera /ŋaːbeːra/ | pirrpirntipirnti /pirpiɳʈipiɳʈi/ |
| Uovo | ngampu /ŋampu/ | ngampu /ŋampu/ | ngampu /ŋampu/ | ngipiri /ŋipiɻi/ | ngampu /ŋampu/ | — | kampiny /kampiɲ/ |
| Orso | piiya /piːja/ | — | — | piira /piːɻa/ | — | — | — |
| Cavallo | naanytja /naːɲca/ | nyanytju /ɲaɲcu/ | yawarta /jawaʈa/ | nantuwu /nantuwu/ | — | — | timana /ˈtimana/ |
| Casa | ngurra /ŋuɾa/ | ngura /ŋuɻa/ | ngurra /ŋura/ | yuwarli /juwaɭi/ | maya /maja/ | nhurra /ɳuɻa/ | mayaru /majaɻu/ |
| Latte | mimi /mimi/ | ipi /ipi/ | ngama /ŋama/ | lampurnu /lampuɳu/ | — | — | — |
| Miele | ngalypuru /ŋaʎpuɻu/ | tjuratja /ˈcuɾaca/ | karluwari /kaɭuwaɻi/ | ngarlu /ŋaɭu/ | — | — | karlaka /ˈkaɭaka/ |
| Sale | paṉṯu /paɳʈu/ | tjaltu /caltu/ | juulu /cuːlu/ | jarlti /ɟaɭti/ | — | — | — |
| Vino | wayina /wajina/ | waina /waina/ | wama /wama/ | pama /pama/ | — | — | wayin /ˈwajin/ |
| Ferro | yayina /jajina/ | ayana /ajana/ | yayinpa /jajinpa/ | yayini /jajini/ | — | — | — |
| Ruota | taaya /taːja/ | wiila /wiːla/ | taaya /taːja/ | wirli /wiɭi/ | wiilpa /wiːlpa/ | — | — |
| Libro | piipa /piːpa/ | nyiri /ɲiɻi/ | mirlimirli /miɭimiɭi/ | pipa /pipa/ | — | — | — |
| Mangiare | ngalkuni /ŋalkuni/ | ngalkuni /ŋalkuni/ | ngalku- /ŋalku/ | ngarni /ŋaɳi/ | nyarrarni /ɲaraɳi/ | ngarna /ŋaɻna/ | ngarnu /ŋaɳu/ |
| Bere | tjikini /cikini/ | tjikini /cikini/ | jikirnu /cikiɳu/ | purrami /puɾami/ | jikila /ɟikila/ | nyuna /ɲuna/ | ngarnu /ŋaɳu/ |
| Dormire | kunkunpa /kunkunpa/ | kunkunarinyi /kuŋkunaɻiɲi/ | kunyalarri- /kuɲalari/ | jarda ngunami /ɟaɖa ŋunami/ | kunyalajuwa /kuɲalaɟuwa/ | wuupata /wuːpata/ | manyan /ˈmaɲan/ |
| Uno | kutju /kucu/ | kutju /kucu/ | kuju /kucu/ | jinta /ɟinta/ | kumpinyu /kumpiɲu/ | kuyu /kuju/ | layi /laji/ |
| Due | kutjarra /kucaɾa/ | kutjara /kucaɻa/ | kujarra /kucara/ | jirrama /ɟiɾama/ | kujarra /kuɟara/ | wuthada /wut̪ada/ | kurriny /kuriɲ/ |
| Tre | tjirripala /ciripala/ | maṉkurpa /maɳkuɻpa/ | yurri /juri/ | jirrama-kari-jinta /ɟiɾamakaɾiɟinta/ | kujarrakumpinyu /kuɟarakumpiɲu/ | marnngurdu /maɳŋuɖu/ | mungkartu /muŋkaʈu/ |
| Quattro | puupala /puːpala/ | kutjara kutjara /kucaɻa kucaɻa/ | puu /puː/ | jirrama-kari-jirrama-kari /ɟiɾamakaɾiɟiɾamakaɾi/ | kujarrakujarra /kuɟarakuɟara/ | — | — |
| Cinque | payipala /pajipala/ | kutjara maṉkurpa /kucaɻa maɳkuɻpa/ | payip /pajip/ | rdaka-pala /ɖakapala/ | — | — | — |
| Cento | yantaṯa /jantaʈa/ | — | yantarta /jantaʈa/ | — | — | — | — |
| Ciao | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | palya /paʎa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Grazie | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Buono | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | ngurrju /ŋuɾɟu/ | ngalypa /ŋaʎpa/ | walykumarra /waʎkumaɻa/ | wulyu /wuʎu/ |
| Nuovo | kuwarritja /kuwaɾica/ | nyuwana /ɲuwana/ | jalykarra /caʎkara/ | jalangu-warnu /ɟalaŋuwaɳu/ | — | — | jalangjalang /ˈɟalaŋɟalaŋ/ |
| Rosso | yulpa /julpa/ | tjitintjitinpa /tʃitintʃitinpa/ | miji-miji /miɟimiɟi/ | yalyu-yalyu /jaʎujaʎu/ | martarr /maʈar/ | marniwidi /maɳiwidi/ | ngirljarti /ŋiɭɟaʈi/ |
| Bianco | piranpa /piɾanpa/ | piranpa /piɾanpa/ | ngintarlpa /ŋintaɭpa/ | kardirri /kaɖiɾi/ | mirtamirta /miʈamiʈa/ | wilidi /wilidi/ | parpjarti /ˈpaɻpɟaɻti/ |
| Nero | maru /maɻu/ | maṟu /maɻu/ | — | kirdily /kiɖiʎ/ | warrukurla /warukuɭa/ | — | kurnkurn /kuɳkuɳ/ |
| Verde | kuriinwana /kuɻiːnwana/ | ukiṟi-ukiṟi /ukiɻiukiɻi/ | yukuri-yukuri /jukuɻijukuɻi/ | yukuri-yukuri /jukuɻijukuɻi/ | — | — | — |
| Blu | puluuwana /puluːwana/ | puluwana /puluwana/ | maru-maru /maɻumaɻu/ | yukuri-yukuri /jukuɻijukuɻi/ | — | — | — |
| Tè | tiiyi /tiːji/ | kapati /kapati/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Zucchero | tjuuka /cuːka/ | — | — | juka /ɟuka/ | — | — | walyarra /ˈwaʎara/ |
| Arancia | yaarinytji /jaːɻiɲci/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
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