Tao
Austronesiana (Batanic)
Il tao (yami, Tao Tao) è unico tra le lingue indigene riconosciute di Taiwan in quanto unica lingua maleo-polinesiaca (ramo batanico) — e non formosana — parlata da ~3.000 persone sull'Isola delle Orchidee (Lanyu, al largo della costa sud-orientale di Taiwan). Strettamente imparentato con l'ivatan delle Isole Batanes nelle Filippine, riflette le rotte di navigazione austronesiane preistoriche. Notevole per l'elaborato ciclo rituale del pesce volante Mivanwa, i tabù sulla pesca in mare e la tradizione dei guerrieri con armatura d'argento. L'ortografia latina è stata sviluppata a partire dal 2001 insieme al programma di istruzione nelle lingue aborigene di Taiwan.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in tao
satto
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: Austronesiana (Batanic)
| Significato | Tao | Ivatan | Itbayaten | Maranao | Malese antico | Tagalog antico | Bicolano di Iriga |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | ranom /ranom/ | danom /danom/ | ranom /ranom/ | ig /iɡ/ | air /air/ | ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ |
| Fuoco | apuy /apuj/ | apoy /apoj/ | hapoy /hapoj/ | apoy /apoj/ | api /api/ | ᜀᜉᜓᜌ᜔ /apuj/ | kalayo /kalajɔ/ |
| Sole | araw /araw/ | araw /araw/ | araw /araw/ | alongan /aloŋan/ | matari /matari/ | ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ /araw/ | aldəw /aldəw/ |
| Luna | vehan /vehan/ | vohan /vohan/ | voxan /voɣan/ | bolan /bolan/ | bulan /bulan/ | ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ /buwan/ | bulən /bulən/ |
| Stella | vituen /vituən/ | vitohen /vitohɨn/ | vitoen /vitoɨn/ | bito-on /bitoʔon/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | ᜊᜒᜆᜓᜁᜈ᜔ /bituʔin/ | bitóon /bituʔon/ |
| Notte | mahep /mahəp/ | maʼhep /maʔhɨp/ | aʼxep /aʔɣɨp/ | gagawiʼi /ɡaɡawiʔi/ | malam /malam/ | ᜄᜊᜒ /ɡaˈbi/ | gabʼi /ɡabʔi/ |
| Pioggia | cimoy /tsimoi/ | timoy /timoj/ | timoy /timoj/ | oran /ʔoran/ | — | ᜂᜎᜈ᜔ /ulan/ | uran /uran/ |
| Vento | pagpag /paɡpaɡ/ | salawsaw /salawsaw/ | sarawsaw /sarawsaw/ | angin /aŋin/ | — | ᜑᜅᜒᜈ᜔ /haˈŋin/ | angín /aˈŋin/ |
| Terra | tana /tana/ | tana /tana/ | tana /tana/ | lopaʼ /lopaʔ/ | — | ᜎᜓᜉ /lupaʔ/ | ragaʼ /raɡaʔ/ |
| Pietra | vato /vato/ | bato /bato/ | vato /vato/ | wato /wato/ | batu /batu/ | ᜊᜆᜓ /baˈto/ | gapo /ɡaˈpoʔ/ |
| Montagna | tokon /tokon/ | tokon /tokon/ | — | palaw /paˈlaw/ | — | ᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ /bunˈdok/ | bukid /bukid/ |
| Mare | wawa /wawa/ | taaw /taaw/ | hawa /hawa/ | ragat /raɡat/ | — | ᜇᜄᜆ᜔ /daɡat/ | dágat /ˈdaɡat/ |
| Madre | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | ibu /ibu/ | ᜁᜈ /ina/ | ina /ina/ |
| Padre | ama /ama/ | ama /ama/ | ama /ama/ | ama /ama/ | bapa /bapa/ | ᜀᜋ /ama/ | ama /ama/ |
| Figlia | anak a mavakes /anak a mavakes/ | anak a mavakes /anak a mavakɨs/ | — | wataʼ a bebay /wataʔ a bəbaj/ | — | — | — |
| Io | yaken /jakən/ | yaken /jakɨn/ | yaken /jakɨn/ | ako /ako/ | aku /aku/ | ᜀᜃᜓ /ako/ | akó /ʔako/ |
| Tu | imo /ʔimo/ | ʼimo /ʔimo/ | ʼimo /ʔimo/ | seka /sɵka/ | kamu /kamu/ | ᜁᜃᜏ᜔ /ikaw/ | ikā /ʔika/ |
| Noi | yaten / yamen /jatən / jamən/ | yaten / yamen /jatɨn / jamɨn/ | yaten / yamen /jatɨn / jamɨn/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | ᜆᜌᜓ / ᜃᜋᜒ /ˈtajo / kaˈmi/ | kitā / kamī /kita / kami/ |
| Nome | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ᜅᜎᜈ᜔ /ŋalan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ |
| Persona | tao /tao/ | tao /tao/ | tawo /tawo/ | taw /taw/ | — | ᜆᜂ /taʔo/ | tawó /taˈwo/ |
| Testa | oo /oo/ | oho /oho/ | oxo /oɣo/ | olo /olo/ | — | ᜂᜎᜓ /ulo/ | payo /paˈjo/ |
| Occhio | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | ᜋᜆ /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Orecchio | talinga /taˈliŋa/ | tadinya /tadiɲa/ | talinya /taliɲa/ | tangila /taŋila/ | — | ᜆᜁᜅ /taˈʔiŋa/ | talinga /taˈliŋa/ |
| Naso | momodan /momodan/ | mohed /mohɨd/ | mohdan /mohdan/ | ngirong /ŋiroŋ/ | — | ᜁᜎᜓᜅ᜔ /iˈloŋ/ | oróng /oˈɾoŋ/ |
| Bocca | ngongoy /ŋoŋoj/ | vivi /vivi/ | vivih /vivih/ | ngariʼ /ŋariʔ/ | — | ᜊᜒᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /biˈbiɡ/ | ngangá /ŋaˈŋa/ |
| Dente | nepen /nəpən/ | nyipen /ɲipɨn/ | nyipen /ɲipɨn/ | ngipen /ŋipən/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | ᜅᜒᜉᜒᜈ᜔ /ŋiˈpin/ | ngipən /ŋipən/ |
| Lingua | lila /lilaʔ/ | rida /rida/ | rila /rila/ | dilaʼ /dilaʔ/ | lidah /lidah/ | ᜇᜒᜎ /diˈlaʔ/ | riraʼ /riraʔ/ |
| Mano | kamay /kamaj/ | tanoro /tanoro/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | tangan /taŋan/ | ᜃᜋᜌ᜔ /kamaj/ | kamət /kamət/ |
| Piede | ai /ai/ | kokod /kokod/ | ayi /aji/ | aʼi /aʔi/ | — | ᜉᜀ /paˈʔa/ | — |
| Cuore | paso /paso/ | tawol /tawol/ | tawor /tawor/ | pusoʼ /pusoʔ/ | hati /hati/ | ᜉᜓᜐᜓ /puso/ | puso /puso/ |
| Osso | toang /toaŋ/ | tohang /tohaŋ/ | toʼxang /toʔɣaŋ/ | tolan /toˈlan/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | ᜊᜓᜆᜓ /buˈtoʔ/ | tulang /tuʔˈlaŋ/ |
| Sangue | rala /ralaʔ/ | raya /raja/ | raya /raja/ | rogoʼ /roɡoʔ/ | darah /darah/ | ᜇᜓᜄᜓ /duˈɡoʔ/ | rugoʼ /ruɡoʔ/ |
| Cacca | obot /obot/ | — | — | taʼi /taʔi/ | — | ᜆᜁ /taʔe/ | — |
| Amore | makakdeng /makakdəŋ/ | addaw /addaw/ | — /—/ | kalimo /kalimo/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /ibiɡ/ | pagkaibəg /paɡkaʔibəɡ/ |
| Albero | kayo /kajo/ | kayo /kajo/ | kayoh /kajoh/ | kayo /kajo/ | kayu /kaju/ | ᜃᜑᜓᜌ᜔ /kahoj/ | kahoy /kahɔj/ |
| Cane | ino /ino/ | cito /tʃito/ | tito /tito/ | aso /aso/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | ᜀᜐᜓ /aso/ | ayam /ajam/ |
| Gatto | koving /koviŋ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | pusa /pusa/ | — /—/ | ᜉᜓᜐ /pusa/ | kuting /kutiŋ/ |
| Pesce | among /amoŋ/ | among /amoŋ/ | among /amoŋ/ | seda /səˈdaʔ/ | ikan /ikan/ | ᜁᜐ᜔ᜇ /ʔisˈdaʔ/ | isira /ʔiˈsiɾaʔ/ |
| Uccello | laciw /latsiw/ | manomanok /manomanok/ | kangkang /kaŋkaŋ/ | papanok /papanok/ | burung /buruŋ/ | ᜁᜊᜓᜈ᜔ /iˈbon/ | bayóng /baˈjoŋ/ |
| Farfalla | pahapahad no anito /pahapahad no anito/ | — | — | — | — | ᜉᜇᜓᜉᜇᜓ /paɾupaˈɾo/ | — |
| Uovo | icioy /itsioj/ | ottioy /ottioj/ | ittiiyoy /ittiijoj/ | orak /orak/ | — | ᜁᜆ᜔ᜎᜓᜄ᜔ /itˈloɡ/ | itlog /ʔitloɡ/ |
| Casa | vahay /vahaj/ | vahay /vahaj/ | vaxay /vaɣaj/ | walay /walaj/ | rumah /rumah/ | ᜊᜑᜌ᜔ /bahaj/ | baləy /baləj/ |
| Latte | mizoko /mizoko/ | gatas /ɡatas/ | — | gatas /ɡatas/ | susu /susu/ | ᜄᜆᜐ᜔ /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ |
| Sale | asin /asin/ | asin /asin/ | asin /asin/ | asin /asin/ | garam /ɡaram/ | ᜀᜐᜒᜈ᜔ /aˈsin/ | asin /aˈsin/ |
| Vino | potaw cyo /potaw tsjo/ | vino /vino/ | parek /parɨk/ | — | — | ᜀᜎᜃ᜔ /ˈʔalak/ | — |
| Riso | mogis /moɡis/ | — | paray /paraj/ | begas /bəɡas/ | — | ᜊᜒᜄᜐ᜔ /biˈɡas/ | bəgas /bəɡas/ |
| Ferro | vahalang /vahalaŋ/ | vahayang /vahajaŋ/ | — | potaw /potaw/ | — | ᜊᜃᜎ᜔ /ˈbakal/ | — |
| Libro | vakong /vakoŋ/ | libro /libro/ | — | ribro /ribro/ | — | — | libro /libˈɾo/ |
| Mangiare | kuman /kuman/ | koman /koman/ | koman /koman/ | mangan /maŋan/ | makan /makan/ | ᜃᜁᜈ᜔ /kain/ | kaən /kaʔən/ |
| Bere | minum /minum/ | ominom /ominom/ | ominom /ominom/ | minom /minom/ | minum /minum/ | ᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔ /inom/ | inum /inum/ |
| Dormire | mitkeh /mitkəh/ | makayceh /makajtʃɨh/ | makahicex /makahitʃɨɣ/ | matorog /matoˈroɡ/ | tidur /tidur/ | ᜆᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ /ˈtuloɡ/ | turog /tuɾoɡ/ |
| Uno | asa /asa/ | asa /asa/ | aʼsa /aʔsa/ | isa /isa/ | sa /sa/ | ᜁᜐ /isa/ | əsad /əsad/ |
| Due | doa /doa/ | dadwa /dadwa/ | doha /doha/ | dowa /dowa/ | dua /dua/ | ᜇᜎᜏ /dalaˈwa/ | darwā /darwaː/ |
| Tre | tilo /tilo/ | tatdo /tatdo/ | atlo /atlo/ | telu /təlu/ | tlu /tlu/ | ᜆᜆ᜔ᜎᜓ /tatˈloʔ/ | tolō /toloː/ |
| Quattro | apat /apat/ | aʼpat /aʔpat/ | aʼpat /aʔpat/ | pat /pat/ | mpat /əmpat/ | ᜀᜉᜆ᜔ /aˈpat/ | əpat /əpat/ |
| Cinque | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | ᜎᜒᜋ /liˈma/ | lima /lima/ |
| Cento | ranaw /ranaw/ | omyatos /omjatos/ | omyatos /omjatos/ | magatos /maɡatos/ | ratus /ratus/ | ᜇᜀᜈ᜔ /daˈʔan/ | sanggatos /saŋɡaˈtos/ |
| Ciao | akokay /akokaj/ | Kapian capa nu dios /kapian tʃapa nu dios/ | — /—/ | kapian /kapijan/ | — /—/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔ /mabuhaj/ | kumusta /kumusta/ |
| Grazie | ayoy /ajoj/ | Dios mamajes /dios mamahes/ | — /—/ | salamat /salamat/ | — /—/ | ᜐᜎᜋᜆ᜔ /salamat/ | dyos mabalos /djos mabalos/ |
| Buono | mapia /mapia/ | mapia /mapia/ | mapia /mapia/ | mapia /mapija/ | baik /baik/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ /mabuti/ | marhəy /maɾhəj/ |
| Nuovo | vayo /vajo/ | vayo /vajo/ | vaʼyo /vaʔjo/ | bego /bəɡo/ | — | ᜊᜄᜓ /baɡo/ | bago /baˈɡo/ |
| Rosso | mivalah /mivalah/ | mavaya /mavaja/ | mavayah /mavajah/ | marigaʼ /maˈriɡaʔ/ | merah /merah/ | ᜉᜓᜎ /puˈlaʔ/ | pula /puˈla/ |
| Bianco | malavang /malavaŋ/ | maydak /majdak/ | mahilak /mahilak/ | mapoti /maˈpotiʔ/ | putih /putih/ | ᜉᜓᜆᜒ /puˈtiʔ/ | maputi /maˈputiʔ/ |
| Nero | mavaheng /mavahəŋ/ | mavaheng /mavahɨŋ/ | mavaeng /mavaɨŋ/ | maitem /maˈʔitəm/ | hitam /hitam/ | ᜁᜆᜒᜋ᜔ /iˈtim/ | itom /iˈtom/ |
| Verde | mogaraw /moɡaraw/ | maarem /maarɨm/ | maharem /maharɨm/ | gadong /ˈɡadoŋ/ | — | — | — |
| Blu | mogaraw /moɡaraw/ | asol /asol/ | asol /asol/ | biro /ˈbiro/ | — | — | — |
| Computer | tiannaw /tiannaw/ | — | — | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | — | — | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ |
| Zucchero | satto | asukar /asukar/ | — | golaʼ /ɡolaʔ/ | — | — | — |
| Arancia | vazcinok /vaztsinok/ | kutay | — | — | — | — | — |
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