Fäeag Rotuạm
Kirotuma
Kiaustronesia
Kirotuma (Fäeag Rotuạm) ni lugha ya Kisiwa cha Rotuma, eneo dogo linalojitawala lililo chini ya Fiji takriban kilomita 600 kaskazini mwa visiwa vikuu vya Fiji. Kiisimu ni lugha ya Kipolinesia iliyo nje ya kundi kuu (outlier) yenye mchanganyiko mpana wa kileksika na kimuundo wa Kipolinesia cha Magharibi (Kitonga/Kisamoa) na Kimelanesia (Kifiji), ukiakisi nafasi ya Rotuma kwenye mpaka wa Kipolinesia-Kimelanesia. Maarufu kwa mfumo wake tata wa metathesis unaotegemea umlaut: awamu zinazopishana za "kamili" (neno zima) na "isiyokamilika" (iliyokatwa) zinazoonyesha tofauti za kisarufi. Licha ya idadi ndogo ya wasemaji, inadumisha matumizi hai kati ya vizazi huko Rotuma.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kirotuma
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kiaustronesia
| Maana | Kirotuma | Kisamoa | Kituvalu | Kitonga | Kiniue | Kifiji | Kiwallis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | tạnu /ˈtɔnu/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | wai /wai/ | vai /vai/ |
| Moto | rahi /ˈrahi/ | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ | buka /mbuka/ | afi /afi/ |
| Jua | asa /asa/ | lā /laː/ | laa /laː/ | laʻā /laʔaː/ | lā /laː/ | matanisiga /matanisiŋa/ | laʻā /laʔaː/ |
| Mwezi | hula /hula/ | māsina /maːsina/ | masina /masina/ | māhina /maːhina/ | mahina /mahina/ | vula /βula/ | māhina /maːhina/ |
| Nyota | hefu /hefu/ | fetū /fetuː/ | fetū /fetuː/ | fetuʻu /fetuʔu/ | fetū /fetuː/ | kalokalo /kalokalo/ | fetuʻu /fetuʔu/ |
| Usiku | pōngi /poŋi/ | pō /poː/ | pō /poː/ | pō /poː/ | pō /poː/ | bogi /mboŋi/ | pōʻuli /poːʔuli/ |
| Mvua | usa /usa/ | ua /ua/ | ua /ua/ | ʻuha /ʔuha/ | ua /ua/ | uca /uða/ | ʻua /ʔua/ |
| Upepo | lɔŋi /lɔŋi/ | matagi /mataŋi/ | matagi /mataŋi/ | matangi /mataŋi/ | matagi /mataŋi/ | cagi /ðaŋi/ | matagi /mataŋi/ |
| Udongo | pera /pera/ | ʻeleʻele /ʔeleʔele/ | kelekele /kelekele/ | kelekele /kelekele/ | kelekele /kelekele/ | qele /ᵑɡele/ | kele /kele/ |
| Jiwe | hạfu /ˈhɔfu/ | maʻa /maʔa/ | fatu /fatu/ | maka /maka/ | maka /maka/ | vatu /vatu/ | maka /maka/ |
| Mlima | solo /solo/ | mauga /mauŋa/ | mauga /mauŋa/ | moʻunga /moʔuŋa/ | mouga /mouŋa/ | ulunivanua /uluniβanua/ | moʻuga /moʔuŋa/ |
| Bahari | sạsi /sɔsi/ | sami /sami/ | tai /tai/ | tahi /tahi/ | tahi /tahi/ | wasawasa /wasawasa/ | tai /tai/ |
| Mama | öʻhoni /øʔhoni/ | tinā /tinaː/ | maatua /maːtua/ | faʻē /faʔeː/ | matua fifine /matua fifine/ | tina /tina/ | faʻē /faʔeː/ |
| Baba | öʻfā /øʔˈfaː/ | tamā /tamaː/ | tamana /tamana/ | tamai /tamai/ | matua taane /matua taːne/ | tama /tama/ | tamai /tamai/ |
| Binti | leʻ hạni /leʔ hɔni/ | afafine /afafine/ | tama fafine /tama fafine/ | ʻofefine /ʔofefine/ | tama fifine /tama fifine/ | luve yalewa /luβe jalewa/ | ʻofafine /ʔofafine/ |
| Mimi | gou /ŋou/ | aʻu /aʔu/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | au /au/ |
| Wewe | ʻäe /ʔæe/ | ʻoe /ʔoe/ | koe /koe/ | koe /koe/ | koe /koe/ | iko /iko/ | koe /koe/ |
| Sisi | ʻis / ʻạmis /ʔis / ʔɔmis/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ | kitautolu / kimautolu /kitautolu / kimautolu/ | tautolu / mautolu /tautolu / mautolu/ | keda / keimami /kenda / kejmami/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ |
| Jina | asa /asa/ | igoa /iŋoa/ | igoa /iŋoa/ | hingoa /hiŋoa/ | higoa /hiŋoa/ | yaca /jaða/ | higoa /hiŋoa/ |
| Mtu | famori /famori/ | tagata /taŋata/ | tino /tino/ | tangata /taŋata/ | tagata /taŋata/ | tamata /tamata/ | tagata /taŋata/ |
| Kichwa | filoʻu /filoʔu/ | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | ʻulu /ʔulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | ʻulu /ʔulu/ |
| Jicho | mafa /mafa/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Sikio | faliŋa /faliŋa/ | taliga /taliŋa/ | taliga /taliŋa/ | telinga /teliŋa/ | taliga /taliŋa/ | daliga /ndaliŋa/ | taliga /taliŋa/ |
| Pua | isu /isu/ | isu /isu/ | isu /isu/ | ihu /ihu/ | ihu /ihu/ | ucu /uðu/ | ihu /ihu/ |
| Mdomo | nuju /nutʃu/ | gutu /ŋutu/ | gutu /ŋutu/ | ngutu /ŋutu/ | gutu /ŋutu/ | gusu /ŋusu/ | gutu /ŋutu/ |
| Jino | ʻala /ʔala/ | nifo /nifo/ | nifo /nifo/ | nifo /nifo/ | nifo /nifo/ | bati /mbati/ | nifo /nifo/ |
| Ulimi | alele /ʔalele/ | laulaufaiva /laulaufaiva/ | alelo /alelo/ | ʻelelo /ʔelelo/ | alelo /alelo/ | yame /jame/ | ʻalelo /ʔalelo/ |
| Mkono | siʻu /siʔu/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | nima /nima/ | lima /lima/ | liga /liŋa/ | nima /nima/ |
| Mguu | lā /laː/ | vae /vae/ | vae /vae/ | vaʻe /vaʔe/ | hui /hui/ | yava /java/ | vaʻe /vaʔe/ |
| Moyo | huga /huŋa/ | loto /loto/ | fatu /fatu/ | loto /loto/ | atevili /atevili/ | uto /uto/ | mafu /mafu/ |
| Mfupa | sui /sui/ | ivi /ivi/ | ivi /ivi/ | hui /hui/ | hui /hui/ | sui /sui/ | hui /hui/ |
| Damu | toto /toto/ | toto /toto/ | toto /toto/ | toto /toto/ | toto /toto/ | dra /ndra/ | toto /toto/ |
| Upendo | hanis /hanis/ | alofa /alofa/ | alofa /alofa/ | ʻofa /ʔofa/ | fakaalofa /fakaalofa/ | loloma /loloma/ | ʻofa /ʔofa/ |
| Mti | rou /ɾou/ | laʻau /laʔau/ | laakau /laːkau/ | ʻakau /ʔakau/ | akau /akau/ | kau /kau/ | ʻakau /ʔakau/ |
| Mbwa | kạmia /kɔmia/ | maile /maile/ | kuli /kuli/ | kulī /kuliː/ | kuli /kuli/ | koli /koli/ | kulī /kuliː/ |
| Paka | kotok /kotok/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ |
| Samaki | iʻa /iʔa/ | iʻa /iʔa/ | ika /ika/ | ika /ika/ | ika /ika/ | ika /ika/ | ika /ika/ |
| Ndege | manmanu /manˈmanu/ | manu /manu/ | manu /manu/ | manupuna /manupuna/ | manu /manu/ | manumanu /manumanu/ | manu /manu/ |
| Kipepeo | pepe /pepe/ | pepe /pepe/ | pepe /pepe/ | pepe /pepe/ | pepe /pepe/ | bēbē /ᵐbeːᵐbeː/ | pepe /pepe/ |
| Yai | kalofi /kaˈlofi/ | fuamoa /fuamoa/ | fuamoa /fuamoa/ | foʻi moa /foʔi moa/ | fua moa /fua moa/ | yaloka /jaloka/ | fuāmoa /fuaːmoa/ |
| Dubu | pea /pea/ | pea /pea/ | pea /pea/ | pea /pea/ | urosa /urosa/ | bea /mbea/ | uluso /uluso/ |
| Farasi | hạsu /hɔsu/ | solofanua /solofanua/ | solofanua /solofanua/ | hoosi /hoːsi/ | solofanua /solofanua/ | ose /ose/ | hōsi /hoːsi/ |
| Nyumba | ri /ɾi/ | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ | vale /βale/ | fale /fale/ |
| Maziwa | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | huʻakau /huʔakau/ | huhu /huhu/ | sucu /suðu/ | huʻa pipi /huʔa pipi/ |
| Asali | hanē /haneː/ | meli /meli/ | hani /hani/ | hone /hone/ | meli /meli/ | oni /oni/ | meli /meli/ |
| Chumvi | masi /masi/ | masima /masima/ | masima /masima/ | māsima /maːsima/ | masima /masima/ | masima /masima/ | māsima /maːsima/ |
| Mvinyo | uaini /uaini/ | uaina /uaina/ | uaina /uaina/ | uaine /uaine/ | uaina /uaina/ | waini /waini/ | vino /vino/ |
| Mchele | raisi /raisi/ | alaisa /alaisa/ | laisi /laisi/ | laise /laise/ | laisi /laisi/ | raisi /raisi/ | lāisi /laːisi/ |
| Chuma | ʻia /ʔia/ | uʻamea /uʔamea/ | fiti /fiti/ | ukamea /ukamea/ | lapatoa /lapatoa/ | kaukamea /kaukamea/ | ukamea /ukamea/ |
| Gurudumu | tokiri /tokiɾi/ | uili /uili/ | teka /teka/ | veʻeteka /veʔeteka/ | veli /veli/ | yava /java/ | teka /teka/ |
| Hariri | silika /silika/ | silika /silika/ | silika /silika/ | silika /silika/ | silika /silika/ | silika /silika/ | silika /silika/ |
| Kitabu | puku /puku/ | tusi /tusi/ | tusi /tusi/ | tohi /tohi/ | tohi /tohi/ | ivola /ivola/ | tohi /tohi/ |
| Kula | ʻā /ʔaː/ | ʻai /ʔai/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | kana /kana/ | kai /kai/ |
| Kunywa | ʻimo /ʔimo/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | gunu /ŋunu/ | inu /inu/ |
| Kulala | mose /ˈmose/ | moe /moe/ | moe /moe/ | mohe /mohe/ | mohe /mohe/ | moce /moðe/ | moe /moe/ |
| Moja | ta /ta/ | tasi /tasi/ | tasi /tasi/ | taha /taha/ | taha /taha/ | dua /ndua/ | tahi /tahi/ |
| Mbili | rua /rua/ | lua /lua/ | lua /lua/ | ua /ua/ | ua /ua/ | rua /rua/ | lua /lua/ |
| Tatu | folu /folu/ | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ |
| Nne | häke /hæke/ | fā /faː/ | fā /faː/ | fā /faː/ | fā /faː/ | vā /vaː/ | fā /faː/ |
| Tano | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | nima /nima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | nima /nima/ |
| Mia | tarau /tarau/ | selau /selau/ | selau /selau/ | teau /teau/ | teau /teau/ | drau /ndrau/ | teau /teau/ |
| Habari | noaʻia /noaʔia/ | talofa /talofa/ | taalofa /taːlofa/ | mālō e lelei /maːloː e lelei/ | fakaalofa atu /fakaalofa atu/ | bula /mbula/ | mālō te maʻuli /maːloː te maʔuli/ |
| Asante | faiʻaksia /faiʔaksia/ | faʻafetai /faʔafetai/ | fakafetai /fakafetai/ | mālō /maːloː/ | fakaaue /fakaaue/ | vinaka /βinaka/ | mālō /maːloː/ |
| Nzuri | lelei /lelei/ | lelei /lelei/ | lei /lei/ | lelei /lelei/ | mitaki /mitaki/ | vinaka /βinaka/ | lelei /lelei/ |
| Mpya | foʻou /foʔou/ | fou /fou/ | fou /fou/ | foʻou /foʔou/ | foou /foou/ | vou /βou/ | foʻou /foʔou/ |
| Nyekundu | miʻa /miʔa/ | mūmū /muːmuː/ | kula /kula/ | kulokula /kulokula/ | kula /kula/ | damudamu /ndamundamu/ | kula /kula/ |
| Nyeupe | fisi /fisi/ | paʻepaʻe /paʔepaʔe/ | kena /kena/ | hinehina /hinehina/ | tea /tea/ | vulavula /βulaβula/ | hina /hina/ |
| Nyeusi | kele /kele/ | uliuli /uliuli/ | uli /uli/ | ʻuliʻuli /ʔuliʔuli/ | uli /uli/ | loaloa /loaloa/ | ʻuli /ʔuli/ |
| Kijani | čarava /tʃarava/ | lanumeamata /lanumeamata/ | lanu lau niu /lanu lau niu/ | lanu mata /lanu mata/ | lanu laukou /lanu laukou/ | drokadroka /ndrokandroka/ | moto /moto/ |
| Buluu | čarava /tʃarava/ | lanumoana /lanumoana/ | lanu moana /lanu moana/ | lanu moana /lanu moana/ | lanu moana /lanu moana/ | karakarawa /karakarawa/ | ʻui /ʔui/ |
| Kompyuta | kompiuta /kompiuta/ | komipiuta /komipiuta/ | komupiuta /komupiuta/ | komipiuta /komipiuta/ | komopiuta /komopiuta/ | kompiuta /kompiuta/ | olotinatea /olotinatea/ |
| Chai | tī /tiː/ | tī /tiː/ | tī /tiː/ | tī /tiː/ | tī /tiː/ | tī /tiː/ | ti /ti/ |
| Sukari | suka /suka/ | suka /suka/ | suka /suka/ | suka /suka/ | suka /suka/ | suka /suka/ | suka /suka/ |
| Chungwa | mori /mori/ | moli /moli/ | moli /moli/ | moli /moli/ | moli /moli/ | moli /moli/ | moli /moli/ |
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