Boarisch
Bavarian
Indo-European
Bavarian (Boarisch) is an Upper German variety spoken by around 14 million people across Bavaria, most of Austria (excluding Vorarlberg), and the South Tyrol region of Italy. While politically classified as a German dialect, linguists treat Bavarian as a distinct West Germanic language with its own grammar, lexicon, and phonology — speakers of Standard German typically cannot understand spoken Bavarian without exposure. Linguistically, Bavarian preserves archaic Middle High German features and has innovated unique features like the dual-pronoun "es/enk" (you-two). The language exists in a strong dialect continuum stretching from North Bavarian through Central (Middle) Bavarian (the Munich/Vienna prestige form) to South Bavarian (Tirol/Carinthia/South Tyrol). Despite vibrant numbers, UNESCO classifies it as vulnerable due to relentless Standard German pressure in education and media.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Bavarian
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Indo-European
| Meaning | Bavarian | East Franconian | Swabian | Austrian German | Swiss Standard German | German | Luxembourgish German |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | Wåssa /vɔsɐ/ | Wasser /vasːə/ | Wasser /vasə/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ | Wasser /ˈvasər/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ | Wasser /vasɐ/ |
| Fire | Feia /fɔɪɐ/ | Feier /faɪɐ/ | Feuer /foiɐ/ | Feuer /fɔɪɐ/ | Feuer /ˈfɔɪ̯ər/ | Feuer /fɔɪ̯ɐ/ | Feuer /fɔɪ̯ɐ/ |
| Sun | Sun /sʊn/ | Sunn /sʊn/ | Sonne /sonə/ | Sonne /sɔnə/ | Sonne /ˈsɔnə/ | Sonne /zɔnə/ | Sonne /zɔnə/ |
| Moon | Moo /moː/ | Maa /maː/ | Mond /moːnd/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Mond /moːnt/ | Mond /moːnt/ |
| Star | Stern /ʃtɛɐn/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Schtern /ʃtɛrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛrn/ | Stern /ʃtɛʁn/ | Stern /ʃtɛʁn/ |
| Night | Nocht /noxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ | Nacht /naxt/ |
| Rain | Regn /ˈreːɡn̩/ | — | Rega /ˈreːɡə/ | Regen /ˈreːɡn̩/ | Regen /ˈreːɡən/ | Regen /ˈʁeːɡn̩/ | Regen /ˈʁeːɡn̩/ |
| Snow | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ | Schnee /ʃneː/ |
| Wind | Wind /vind/ | Wind /vɪnd/ | Wind /vɪnd/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ | Wind /vɪnt/ |
| Earth | Erdn /ˈɛrdn̩/ | Erd /ɛɐd/ | Erd /eːɐ̯d/ | Erde /eːɐdə/ | Erde /ˈeːrdə/ | Erde /eːɐdə/ | Erde /eːɐdə/ |
| Stone | Stoa /ʃtoɐ/ | — | Stoi /ʃtoi/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ | Stein /ʃtaɪn/ |
| Mountain | Beag /bɛɐɡ/ | — | Berg /bɛrɡ/ | Berg /bɛɐk/ | Berg /bɛrk/ | Berg /bɛʁk/ | Berg /bɛʁk/ |
| Sea | Meea /meːɐ/ | — | Meer /meːr/ | Meer /meːɐ̯/ | Meer /meːr/ | Meer /meːɐ̯/ | Meer /meːɐ̯/ |
| Mother | Muada /muɐdɐ/ | Mudder /mʊdɐ/ | Mädder /mɛdɐ/ | Mutter /mʊtɐ/ | Mutter /ˈmʊtər/ | Mutter /mʊtɐ/ | Mutter /mʊtɐ/ |
| Father | Voda /ˈfɔːdɐ/ | Vadder /fadɐ/ | Vadder /fadɐ/ | Vater /ˈfaːtɐ/ | Vater /ˈfaːtər/ | Vater /faːtɐ/ | Vater /faːtɐ/ |
| Daughter | Dochta /ˈdɔxtɐ/ | Dochder /dɔxdɐ/ | Dochder /ˈdɔxdɐ/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtɐ/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtər/ | Tochter /ˈtɔxtɐ/ | Tochter /tɔxtɐ/ |
| I | i /i/ | i /i/ | i /i/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ | ich /ɪç/ |
| You | du /du/ | du /du/ | du /du/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ | du /duː/ |
| We | mia /miɐ/ | mir /miɐ/ | mir /miɐ/ | wir /viːɐ/ | wir /viːr/ | wir /viːɐ̯/ | wir /viːɐ̯/ |
| Name | Nam /nãː/ | Nama /ˈnamɐ/ | Nama /ˈnamə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ | Name /ˈnaːmə/ |
| Person | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | — | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ | Mensch /mɛnʃ/ |
| Head | Kobf /kʰoːbf/ | — | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ | Kopf /kɔpf/ |
| Eye | Aug /aʊɡ/ | Aach /aːx/ | Aug /aʊɡ/ | Auge /ˈaʊ̯ɡə/ | Auge /ˈaʊɡə/ | Auge /aʊ̯ɡə/ | Auge /aʊ̯ɡə/ |
| Ear | Ohr /oːɐ/ | Ohr /oːɐ/ | Ohr /oːr/ | Ohr /oːɐ̯/ | Ohr /oːr/ | Ohr /oːɐ̯/ | Ohr /oːɐ̯/ |
| Nose | Nosn /ˈnosn̩/ | — | Nas /nas/ | Nase /ˈnaːsə/ | Nase /ˈnaːsə/ | Nase /ˈnaːzə/ | Nase /ˈnaːzə/ |
| Mouth | Mai /maɪ/ | — | Gosch /ɡɔʃ/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | Mund /mʊnt/ | Mund /mʊnt/ |
| Tooth | Zand /tsɔnt/ | Zah /tsaː/ | Zah /tsaː/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ | Zahn /tsaːn/ |
| Tongue | Zunga /tsuŋɐ/ | Zung /tsuŋ/ | Zong /tsoŋ/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ | Zunge /ˈtsʊŋə/ |
| Hand | Hand /hɔnd/ | Hand /hand/ | Hand /hand/ | Hand /hɑnt/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hant/ | Hand /hant/ |
| Foot | Fuaß /fuɐs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fuaß /fuas/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fuss /fuːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ | Fuß /fuːs/ |
| Heart | Heaz /hɛɐts/ | Herz /hɛrts/ | Herz /hɛɐts/ | Herz /hɛɐts/ | Herz /hɛrts/ | Herz /hɛʁts/ | Herz /hɛʁts/ |
| Bone | Boan /boɐn/ | Knocha /ˈknɔxɐ/ | Knoche /ˈknoxə/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ | Knochen /ˈknɔxən/ |
| Blood | Bluat /bluat/ | Blut /bluːd/ | Bluat /bluat/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ | Blut /bluːt/ |
| Poop | Gacki /ˈɡaɡi/ | — | Schdingr /ˈʃdɪŋɐ/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ | Kacke /ˈkakə/ |
| Love | Liab /liɐb/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | Liab /liə̯b/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | Liebe /ˈliːbə/ | Liebe /liːbə/ | Liebe /liːbə/ |
| Tree | Bam /bãm/ | Bauma /baʊmaː/ | Baum /baum/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ | Baum /baʊm/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ | Baum /baʊ̯m/ |
| Dog | Hund /hʊnd/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hond /hond/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ | Hund /hʊnt/ |
| Cat | Katz /kʰats/ | Katz /kats/ | Katz /kats/ | Katze /kɑtsə/ | Katze /ˈkatsə/ | Katze /katsə/ | Katze /katsə/ |
| Fish | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ | Fisch /fɪʃ/ |
| Bird | Vogl /foːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /foːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ | Vogel /ˈfoːɡl̩/ |
| Butterfly | Waifåita /vaifɔitɐ/ | Schmetterling /ʃmɛdɐliŋ/ | Schmeddrleng /ˈʃmɛdɐlɛŋ/ | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtɐlɪŋ/ | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtərlɪŋ/ | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtɐlɪŋ/ | Schmetterling /ˈʃmɛtɐlɪŋ/ |
| Egg | Oa /oɐ/ | — | Oi /ɔɪ/ | Ei /aɪ/ | Ei /aɪ/ | Ei /aɪ/ | Ei /aɪ/ |
| Bear | Bär /bɛɐ/ | — | Bèèar /bɛːɐ/ | Bär /bɛːɐ̯/ | Bär /bɛːr/ | Bär /bɛːɐ̯/ | Bär /bɛːɐ̯/ |
| Horse | Roß /rɔs/ | — | Gaul /ɡaul/ | Pferd /pfeːɐ̯t/ | Pferd /pfeːrt/ | Pferd /pfeːɐ̯t/ | Pferd /pfeːɐ̯t/ |
| House | Haus /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Hous /haus/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊs/ | Haus /haʊ̯s/ | Haus /haʊ̯s/ |
| Milk | Muich /muɪx/ | — | Millich /ˈmɪlɪç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ | Milch /mɪlç/ |
| Honey | Heng /hɛŋ/ | — | Honig /ˈhoːnɪɡ/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪk/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪk/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪç/ | Honig /ˈhoːnɪç/ |
| Salt | Soiz /sɔɪts/ | — | Salz /salts/ | Salz /salts/ | Salz /salts/ | Salz /zalts/ | Salz /zalts/ |
| Wine | Wei /vaɪ/ | — | Woi /voɪ̯/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ | Wein /vaɪ̯n/ |
| Rice | Reis /raɪs/ | — | — | Reis /raɪ̯s/ | Reis /raɪs/ | Reis /ʁaɪs/ | Reis /ʁaɪs/ |
| Chocolate | Schoklad /ʃoɡˈlɑːd/ | — | Schoklad /ʃoˈklaːd/ | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ | Schokolade /ʃokoˈlaːdə/ |
| Iron | Eisn /ˈaisn̩/ | Eisn /ˈaɪsn̩/ | Eisa /ˈaɪsa/ | Eisen /ˈaɪsn̩/ | Eisen /ˈaɪsən/ | Eisen /ˈaɪ̯zn̩/ | Eisen /ˈaɪ̯zn̩/ |
| Wheel | Rod /rod/ | — | Rad /rad/ | Rad /raːt/ | Rad /raːt/ | Rad /ʁaːt/ | Rad /ʁaːt/ |
| Silk | Seidn /ˈsaɪdn̩/ | — | — | Seide /ˈsaɪ̯də/ | Seide /ˈsaɪdə/ | Seide /ˈzaɪdə/ | Seide /ˈzaɪdə/ |
| Book | Buach /buɐx/ | — | Buach /buax/ | Buch /buːx/ | Buch /buːx/ | Buch /buːx/ | Buch /buːx/ |
| Eat | essn /ɛsn̩/ | esse /ɛsə/ | essa /ɛsə/ | essen /ɛsn̩/ | essen /ˈɛsn̩/ | essen /ɛsn̩/ | essen /ɛsn̩/ |
| Drink | dringa /drɪŋɡɐ/ | trinke /trɪŋkə/ | drengga /drɛŋɡə/ | trinken /ˈtrɪŋkn̩/ | trinken /ˈtrɪŋkn̩/ | trinken /tʁɪŋkn̩/ | trinken /tʁɪŋkn̩/ |
| Sleep | schlofa /ˈʃlofɐ/ | schlafe /ʃlaːfə/ | schlofa /ˈʃlofa/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ | schlafen /ˈʃlaːfn̩/ |
| One | oans /oɐns/ | ans /ans/ | oine /ɔinə/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ | eins /aɪ̯ns/ |
| Two | zwoa /tsvoɐ/ | zwaa /tsvaː/ | zwoi /tsvoɪ̯/ | zwei /tsvai/ | zwei /tsvaɪ̯/ | zwei /tsvaɪ/ | zwei /tsvaɪ/ |
| Three | drei /draɪ/ | drei /draɪ/ | drei /draɪ/ | drei /draɪ̯/ | drei /draɪ̯/ | drei /dʁaɪ̯/ | drei /dʁaɪ̯/ |
| Four | fia /fiɐ/ | vier /fiɐ/ | viar /fiɐ̯/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ | vier /fiːr/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ | vier /fiːɐ̯/ |
| Five | fümf /fʏmf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | femf /fɛmf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ | fünf /fʏnf/ |
| Hundred | hundad /ˈhʊndɐd/ | — | hondrd /ˈhondɐd/ | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndərt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ | hundert /ˈhʊndɐt/ |
| Hello | Servus /sɛɐvʊs/ | Grüß Gott /ɡrʏs ɡɔt/ | Grüß Gott /ɡryːs ɡɔt/ | Servus /zɛɐvʊs/ | Hallo /haˈloː/ | Hallo /haloː/ | Hallo /haloː/ |
| Thank you | Vagelts Gott /fɐɡɛlts ɡɔt/ | Vergelt's Gott /fɛɐɡɛlts ɡɔt/ | Danggschee /daŋkʃeː/ | danke /daŋkə/ | danke /ˈdaŋkə/ | danke /daŋkə/ | danke /daŋkə/ |
| Good | guad /ɡuɐd/ | guad /ɡuə̯d/ | guad /ɡuə̯d/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ | gut /ɡuːt/ |
| New | nei /naɪ/ | — | nei /naɪ/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ | neu /nɔɪ̯/ |
| Red | rot /rod/ | rood /roːd/ | rot /rod/ | rot /roːt/ | rot /roːt/ | rot /ʁoːt/ | rot /ʁoːt/ |
| White | weiß /vais/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiss /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ | weiß /vaɪs/ |
| Black | schwoarz /ʃvoɐts/ | — | schwarz /ʃvarts/ | schwarz /ʃvarts/ | schwarz /ʃvarts/ | schwarz /ʃvaʁts/ | schwarz /ʃvaʁts/ |
| Green | grea /ɡreɐ/ | — | grea /ɡreə̯/ | grün /ɡryːn/ | grün /ɡryːn/ | grün /ɡʁyːn/ | grün /ɡʁyːn/ |
| Blue | blau /blaʊ/ | — | — | blau /blaʊ/ | blau /blaʊ/ | blau /blaʊ̯/ | blau /blaʊ̯/ |
| Cuckoo | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ | Gutzgauch /ˈɡʊtsɡaʊx/ | Guckguck /ˈɡʊkɡʊk/ | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ | Kuckuck /ˈkʊkʊk/ |
| Computer | Rechna /ˈrɛçnɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːdɐ/ | — | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtər/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ | Computer /kɔmˈpjuːtɐ/ |
| Sushi | Suschi /ˈsuʃi/ | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | — | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | Sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | Sushi /ˈzuːʃi/ | Sushi /ˈzuːʃi/ |
| Tea | Tee /tɛː/ | — | — | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ | Tee /teː/ |
| Coffee | Kaffee /kɑˈfeː/ | — | — | Kaffee /kaˈfeː/ | Kaffee /ˈkafe/ | Kaffee /ˈkafeː/ | Kaffee /ˈkafe/ |
| Sugar | Zugga /ˈtsʊɡɐ/ | — | — | Zucker /ˈtsʊkɐ/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkər/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkɐ/ | Zucker /ˈtsʊkɐ/ |
| Orange | Orange /oˈraŋʒn/ | — | — | Orange /oˈraːnʒə/ | Orange /oˈraŋʒə/ | Orange /oˈʁãːʒə/ | Orange /oˈʁãːʒə/ |
| Ninety-nine | neinaneinzg /ˈnaɪnaˌnaɪntsk/ | — | — | neunundneunzig /ˈnɔʏ̯nʊntˌnɔʏ̯ntsɪk/ | neunundneunzig /ˈnɔɪ̯nʊntˌnɔɪ̯ntsɪk/ | neunundneunzig /ˈnɔʏnʊntˌnɔʏntsɪç/ | neunundneunzig /ˈnɔʏnʊntˌnɔʏntsɪç/ |
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