Vlaheşte
Megleno-Romanian
Indo-European
Megleno-Romanian (Vlaheşte, "Vlach speech") is one of the four Eastern Romance languages, the third-smallest after Istro-Romanian (now nearly extinct). Spoken in the Meglen Valley straddling the Greece–North Macedonia border by ~5,000 ethnic Vlachs, Megleno-Romanian descended from the same medieval Vlach migrations that produced Aromanian (rup) but settled further east in the Macedonian highlands. Linguistically, Megleno-Romanian shares Eastern Romance features with Romanian (definite article suffixed, distinctive case morphology, Slavic vocabulary loans) but with significant Bulgarian/Macedonian Slavic influence. UNESCO classifies severely endangered with intergenerational transmission largely lost.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Megleno-Romanian
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Indo-European
| Meaning | Megleno-Romanian | Aromanian | Romanian | Interlingue | Corsican | Dante-era Italian | Sicilian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | apâ /ˈapɨ/ | apã /ˈapə/ | apă /apə/ | aqua /ˈakwa/ | acqua /ˈakwa/ | acqua /ˈakːwa/ | acqua /ˈakkwa/ |
| Fire | foc /fok/ | foc /fok/ | foc /fok/ | foy /foj/ | focu /ˈfɔku/ | foco /ˈfɔko/ | focu /ˈfɔku/ |
| Sun | soari /ˈsoari/ | soare /ˈso̯are/ | soare /so̯are/ | sole /ˈsole/ | sole /ˈsɔle/ | sole /ˈsole/ | suli /ˈsuli/ |
| Moon | lunâ /ˈlunɨ/ | lunã /ˈlunə/ | lună /lunə/ | lune /ˈlune/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /ˈluna/ |
| Star | steauã /ˈste̯awə/ | steauã /ˈste̯awə/ | stea /ste̯a/ | stelle /ˈstele/ | stella /ˈstella/ | stella /ˈstella/ | stidda /ˈstɪɖːa/ |
| Night | noapti /ˈnwapti/ | noapti /ˈnwapti/ | noapte /ˈno̯apte/ | nocte /ˈnokte/ | notte /ˈnɔtːe/ | notte /ˈnotte/ | notti /ˈnɔtti/ |
| Rain | ploai /ploaj/ | ploai /ˈplo̯ai/ | ploaie /ˈploaje/ | pluvie /ˈpluvie/ | pioggia /ˈpjɔdʒa/ | piova /ˈpjɔːva/ | chiuvuta /kjuˈvuta/ |
| Snow | neauă /ˈne̯awə/ | neauã /ˈne̯awə/ | zăpadă /zəpadə/ | nive /ˈnive/ | neve /ˈneve/ | neve /ˈneve/ | nivi /ˈniːvi/ |
| Wind | vint /vint/ | vimtu /ˈvimtu/ | vânt /vɨnt/ | vent /vent/ | ventu /ˈventu/ | vento /ˈvɛnto/ | ventu /ˈvɛntu/ |
| Earth | pãmãntu /pəˈmɨntu/ | pãmãntu /pəˈmɨntu/ | pământ /pəˈmɨnt/ | terre /ˈtere/ | terra /ˈtɛrra/ | terra /ˈtɛrra/ | terra /ˈtɛrra/ |
| Stone | cheatră /ˈca̯atrə/ | cheatrã /ˈce̯atrə/ | piatră /ˈpjatrə/ | petre /ˈpetre/ | petra /ˈpɛtra/ | pietra /ˈpjɛtra/ | petra /ˈpɛːtra/ |
| Mountain | munti /ˈmunti/ | munti /ˈmunti/ | munte /ˈmunte/ | monte /ˈmonte/ | muntagna /munˈtaɲɲa/ | montagna /monˈtaɲɲa/ | muntagna /munˈtaɲɲa/ |
| Sea | mari /ˈmari/ | amari /aˈmari/ | mare /ˈmare/ | mar /mar/ | mare /ˈmare/ | mare /ˈmare/ | mari /ˈmari/ |
| Mother | mumâ /ˈmumɨ/ | mumã /ˈmumə/ | mamă /mamə/ | matre /ˈmatre/ | mamma /ˈmamma/ | madre /ˈmaːdre/ | matri /ˈmatri/ |
| Father | tatâ /ˈtatɨ/ | tatã /ˈtatə/ | tată /tatə/ | patre /ˈpatre/ | babbu /ˈbabːu/ | padre /ˈpaːdre/ | patri /ˈpatri/ |
| Daughter | il'ă /ˈiʎə/ | hilje /ˈhiʎe/ | fiică /ˈfijkə/ | filia /ˈfilia/ | figliola /fiʎˈʎola/ | figlia /ˈfiʎʎa/ | figghia /ˈfiɟɟa/ |
| I | io /jo/ | io /jo/ | eu /jew/ | yo /jo/ | eiu /ˈɛju/ | io /ˈio/ | iu /ju/ |
| You | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tù /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ |
| We | noi /noj/ | noi /noj/ | noi /noj/ | noi /noi/ | noi /ˈnoi/ | noi /ˈnoi/ | nuàutri /nuˈawtri/ |
| Name | numi /ˈnumi/ | numã /ˈnumə/ | nume /ˈnume/ | nómine /ˈnomine/ | nome /ˈnome/ | nome /ˈnoːme/ | nomu /ˈnɔmu/ |
| Person | uom /wom/ | om /om/ | persoană /persoˈanə/ | person /perˈson/ | persona /perˈsona/ | persona /perˈsona/ | pirsuna /pirˈsuna/ |
| Head | cap /kap/ | cap /kap/ | cap /kap/ | cap /kap/ | capu /ˈkapu/ | testa /ˈtɛsta/ | testa /ˈtɛsta/ |
| Eye | ocl /okl/ | oclju /ˈokʎu/ | ochi /okʲ/ | ocul /ˈokul/ | ochju /ˈɔcu/ | occhio /ˈɔkːjo/ | occhiu /ˈɔkkju/ |
| Ear | ureaclji /uˈrjakʎi/ | ureaclji /uˈrjakʎi/ | ureche /uˈreke/ | orel /oˈrel/ | arechja /aˈrɛca/ | orecchio /oˈrɛkkjo/ | aricchia /aˈrikkja/ |
| Nose | nas /nas/ | nari /ˈnari/ | nas /nas/ | nase /ˈnaze/ | nasu /ˈnazu/ | naso /ˈnaso/ | nasu /ˈnaːsu/ |
| Mouth | gură /ˈɡurə/ | gurã /ˈɡurə/ | gură /ˈɡurə/ | bocca /ˈbokka/ | bocca /ˈbɔkka/ | bocca /ˈbokka/ | vucca /ˈvukka/ |
| Tooth | dinti /ˈdinti/ | dinti /ˈdinti/ | dinte /ˈdinte/ | dent /dent/ | dente /ˈdɛnte/ | dente /ˈdente/ | denti /ˈdɛnti/ |
| Tongue | limbă /ˈlimbə/ | limbã /ˈlimbə/ | limbă /ˈlimbə/ | lingue /ˈliŋɡue/ | lingua /ˈliŋɡwa/ | lingua /ˈliŋɡwa/ | lingua /ˈlinɡwa/ |
| Hand | mǫnă /mɔnə/ | mãnã /ˈmənə/ | mână /mɨnə/ | manu /ˈmanu/ | manu /ˈmanu/ | mano /ˈmano/ | manu /ˈmanu/ |
| Foot | picior /pitʃor/ | cicior /tʃiˈtʃor/ | picior /piˈtʃor/ | pede /ˈpede/ | pede /ˈpɛde/ | piede /ˈpjɛde/ | pedi /ˈpɛdi/ |
| Heart | inima /ˈinima/ | inimã /ˈinimə/ | inimă /inimə/ | cordie /ˈkordie/ | core /ˈkɔre/ | core /ˈkɔre/ | cori /ˈkɔri/ |
| Bone | uos /wos/ | os /os/ | os /os/ | osse /ˈosse/ | ossu /ˈɔssu/ | osso /ˈɔsːo/ | ossu /ˈɔssu/ |
| Blood | sănzi /ˈsɨnzi/ | sãndzi /ˈsɨndzi/ | sânge /ˈsɨndʒe/ | sangue /ˈsaŋɡue/ | sangue /ˈsaŋɡwe/ | sangue /ˈsaŋɡwe/ | sangu /ˈsaŋɡu/ |
| Love | ublami /ˈublami/ | vreari /ˈvreari/ | iubire /jubire/ | amore /aˈmore/ | amore /aˈmɔre/ | amore /aˈmore/ | amuri /aˈmuri/ |
| Tree | lemnu /lemnu/ | arbur /ˈarbur/ | copac /kopak/ | árbor /ˈarbor/ | arburu /ˈarburu/ | albero /ˈalbero/ | àrbulu /ˈarbulu/ |
| Dog | câni /ˈkɨni/ | cãni /ˈkɨni/ | câine /kɨine/ | cane /ˈkane/ | cane /ˈkane/ | cane /ˈkane/ | cani /ˈkani/ |
| Cat | mâța /ˈmɨtsa/ | cãtushi /kəˈtuʃi/ | pisică /pisikə/ | cat /kat/ | ghjattu /ˈɟattu/ | gatto /ˈɡatːo/ | jattu /ˈjattu/ |
| Fish | peaști /ˈpe̯aʃti/ | pescu /ˈpesku/ | pește /ˈpeʃte/ | pisc /pisk/ | pesciu /ˈpeʃu/ | pesce /ˈpeʃʃe/ | pisci /ˈpiʃi/ |
| Bird | pul' /pulʲ/ | pulju /ˈpuʎu/ | pasăre /ˈpasəre/ | avie /ˈavie/ | uccellu /utˈtʃɛllu/ | uccello /utˈtʃɛlːo/ | aceddu /aˈtʃɛɖːu/ |
| Butterfly | pipirugă /pipiˈruɡə/ | flituru /ˈflituru/ | fluture /ˈfluture/ | papilion /papiliˈon/ | farfalla /farˈfalla/ | farfalla /farˈfalla/ | parpagghiuni /parpaɟˈɟuni/ |
| Egg | ou /ow/ | ou /ow/ | ou /ow/ | ove /ˈove/ | ovu /ˈɔvu/ | uovo /ˈwɔːvo/ | ovu /ˈɔvu/ |
| Horse | cal /kal/ | cal /kal/ | cal /kal/ | cavalle /kaˈvale/ | cavallu /kaˈvallu/ | cavallo /kaˈvallo/ | cavaddu /kaˈvaɖːu/ |
| House | casa /ˈkasa/ | casã /ˈkasə/ | casă /kasə/ | dom /dom/ | casa /ˈkaza/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ |
| Milk | lapti /ˈlapti/ | lapti /ˈlapti/ | lapte /ˈlapte/ | lacte /ˈlakte/ | latte /ˈlatte/ | latte /ˈlatte/ | latti /ˈlatti/ |
| Honey | m'ari /mʲari/ | njari /ˈɲari/ | miere /ˈmjere/ | miel /miˈel/ | mele /ˈmɛle/ | miele /ˈmjɛːle/ | meli /ˈmɛli/ |
| Salt | sari /ˈsari/ | sare /ˈsare/ | sare /ˈsare/ | sale /ˈsale/ | sale /ˈsale/ | sale /ˈsale/ | sali /ˈsali/ |
| Wine | vin /vin/ | yin /jin/ | vin /vin/ | vin /vin/ | vinu /ˈvinu/ | vino /ˈvino/ | vinu /ˈvinu/ |
| Rice | uriz /uˈriz/ | urizu /uˈrizu/ | orez /oˈrez/ | ris /ris/ | risu /ˈrizu/ | — | risu /ˈrizu/ |
| Iron | ier /jer/ | her /her/ | fier /fjer/ | ferre /ˈfere/ | ferru /ˈfɛrru/ | ferro /ˈfɛrro/ | ferru /ˈfɛrru/ |
| Wheel | roată /ˈroatə/ | aroatã /aˈro̯atə/ | roată /ˈroatə/ | rote /ˈrote/ | rota /ˈrɔta/ | rota /ˈrɔta/ | rota /ˈrɔːta/ |
| Silk | mătasi /məˈtasi/ | mãtasi /məˈtasi/ | mătase /məˈtase/ | seta /ˈseta/ | seta /ˈseta/ | — | sita /ˈsita/ |
| Eat | mâcari /mɨˈkari/ | mâcari /mɨˈkari/ | a mânca /a mɨnka/ | manjar /manˈʒar/ | manghjà /manˈɟa/ | mangiare /manˈdʒare/ | manciari /manˈtʃari/ |
| Drink | beari /ˈbeari/ | beari /ˈbeari/ | a bea /a be̯a/ | trincar /trinˈkar/ | beie /ˈbeje/ | bevere /ˈbevere/ | vìviri /ˈviviri/ |
| Sleep | durmiri /durˈmiri/ | dormu /ˈdormu/ | a dormi /a dorˈmi/ | dormir /dorˈmir/ | durmì /durˈmi/ | dormire /dorˈmire/ | dòrmiri /ˈdɔrmɪrɪ/ |
| One | unu /ˈunu/ | unu /ˈunu/ | unu /unu/ | un /un/ | unu /ˈunu/ | uno /ˈuno/ | unu /ˈunu/ |
| Two | doi /doj/ | doi /doj/ | doi /doj/ | du /du/ | dui /ˈdui/ | due /ˈduːe/ | dui /ˈduɪ/ |
| Three | trei /trej/ | trei /trej/ | trei /trej/ | tri /tri/ | trè /trɛ/ | tre /tre/ | tri /tri/ |
| Four | patru /ˈpatru/ | patru /ˈpatru/ | patru /ˈpatru/ | quar /kwar/ | quattru /ˈkwatːru/ | quattro /ˈkwatːro/ | quattru /ˈkwattru/ |
| Five | ținț /tsints/ | tsintsi /ˈtsintsi/ | cinci /tʃintʃʲ/ | quin /kwin/ | cinque /ˈtʃiŋkwe/ | cinque /ˈtʃiŋkwe/ | cincu /ˈtʃiŋku/ |
| Hundred | sută /ˈsutə/ | sutã /ˈsutə/ | sută /ˈsutə/ | cent /tsent/ | centu /ˈtʃɛntu/ | cento /ˈtʃɛnto/ | centu /ˈtʃɛntu/ |
| Hello | ubavu /uˈbavu/ | bunâ-vã ziuâ /ˈbunɨ vɨ ˈziwɨ/ | salut /salut/ | salute /saˈlute/ | salute /saˈlute/ | salute /saˈlute/ | salutamu /salutamu/ |
| Thank you | hăirau /hɨiˈrau/ | haristo /hariˈsto/ | mulțumesc /multsumesk/ | mersí /merˈsi/ | grazie /ˈɡratsje/ | mercede /merˈtʃede/ | grazii /ˈɡrattsii/ |
| Good | bunu /ˈbunu/ | bun /bun/ | bun /bun/ | bon /bon/ | bonu /ˈbɔnu/ | buono /ˈbwɔno/ | bonu /ˈbɔnu/ |
| New | nou /now/ | nou /now/ | nou /now/ | nov /nov/ | novu /ˈnɔvu/ | novo /ˈnɔvo/ | novu /ˈnɔvu/ |
| Red | roș /roʃ/ | arosh /aˈroʃ/ | roșu /ˈroʃu/ | rubi /ˈrubi/ | rossu /ˈrossu/ | rosso /ˈrosso/ | russu /ˈrussu/ |
| White | alb /alb/ | albu /ˈalbu/ | alb /alb/ | blanc /blaŋk/ | biancu /ˈbjaŋku/ | bianco /ˈbjaŋko/ | biancu /ˈbjaŋku/ |
| Black | negru /ˈneɡru/ | negru /ˈneɡru/ | negru /ˈneɡru/ | nigri /ˈniɡri/ | neru /ˈneru/ | nero /ˈnero/ | nìuru /ˈniuru/ |
| Green | veardi /ˈve̯ardi/ | veardi /ˈve̯ardi/ | verde /ˈverde/ | verd /verd/ | verde /ˈverde/ | verde /ˈverde/ | virdi /ˈvɪrdɪ/ |
| Cuckoo | cuc /kuk/ | cuc /kuk/ | cuc /kuk/ | cucú /kuˈku/ | cuccu /ˈkukku/ | cucco /ˈkukko/ | cuccu /ˈkukku/ |
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